歡迎轉貼！但請註明是Gail翻譯的，因為其中有2/3內容是「手動打字」上去的，非常辛苦。另外1/3是靠線上文字辨識軟體。http://briian.com/?p=6369 The World's Gutsiest Leaders
全球最有膽量的領袖們
This is the story of five unlikely leaders－a handful of women and men who inherited giant crises and had the courage to make difficult and unpopular decisions.
這是五位非凡領袖的故事－－是繼承了巨大危機的男男女女裡的一小撮人，並且有勇氣做成困難且不得人心的決定。
They aren't all saints,but their actions have changeed their nation.
他們不全是聖人，但他們的作為改變了他們國家。
Moreover,these changes will affect your life.
更甚者，這些改變也將要影響你的人生。
After all, if the current global economic meltdown has taught us anything.
畢竟，如果當前全球性經濟大熔爐曾經教導了我們什麼事的話……
It's that we're all in together.
那就是我們全都在一起。
If that we're going to climb out,we have to learn from those around us and build on their accomplishments.
如果我們想要爬出（這個經濟困境），我們必須從那些切身的事物去學習，並且建立在他們的成就之上。
The Importance of Tact
Ma Ying-jeou
PRESIDENT OF TAIWAN
圓滑的重要－－台灣總統馬英九
The recent global downturn has darkened economic forecasts around the world,but in Taiwan,it nearly blotted out the sun.Last February,The Economist called the country's financial forecast "the ugliest of them all".
正當全球經濟情勢持續下滑一片昏黑之時，然而在台灣，這幾乎遮住了太陽。去年二月，經濟學家聲稱這個國家的經融趨勢預測「全部都非常難看」！
Producing about 70 percent of the world's laptops and PDAs and 12 percent of its cell phones,Taiwan relies on the West to buy its high-tech gadgets.Unfortunately,Americans haven't been spending a lot of time at Best Buy lately.
這國家生產了全世界大約70%的筆記型電腦與掌上型電腦以及12％的手機，台灣依賴西岸購買他們的高科技機械，不幸地，近來美國人並沒有在「百思買」裡花費大量時間，
In the past few mouths,however,Taiwan's prospects have started to look rosies,thanks in large part to the counter's new president,Ma Ying-jeou.How is he saving the country?Be Being the world's best marriage counselor.
然而在過去的幾個月裡，台灣的前途開始看來很樂觀，很大的因素要感謝這位新總統馬英九！他是如何拯救這個國家的呢？藉由一場全世界最棒的婚姻仲介………
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TAIWAN AND CHINA--THE AWKWARD COUPLE
台灣與中國－－相處不好的一對
Technically speaking, Taiwan is a part of China, but in reality, they are two separate countries with two separate identities.
從學術上說，台灣是中國的一部份，但真實情況是，他們是兩個分開的國家擁有兩種分開的身份。
And, until recently they rarely talked to each other.
並且，直到最近他們才真正地互相對話。
Although he was successful in driving out the Japanese during World War II,
雖然二戰時他成功地驅趕日本人，
General Chiang Kai-sheklost the Chinese Civil War to the internal communist forces in 1949. He then fled to Taiwan, a Chinese island 100 miles off the coast. Vowing to reclaim the mainland.
統帥蔣介石卻輸給了國內的共產黨軍隊，在1949的中國內戰中。然後他逃到台灣，距離海岸有100英里遠的一個中國島嶼，並且發誓要取回大陸。
Chiang Kai-shek and his band of nationalists set up a military dictatorship in Taiwan, and the island remained in a state of perpetual (if stable) martial law until 1987.
蔣介石和他那富有民族主義色彩的軍隊在台灣建立了軍事獨裁政權，並且這個島嶼維持這樣的永久軍事戒嚴法狀態（如果它夠穩固的話）直至1987年。
For nearly half a century capitalist Taiwan (the Republic of China) and communist China (the Peoples Republic of China) had virtually no diplomatic relations,
而將近半世紀，資本主義台灣（ROC）與共產主義中國（PRC），實際上沒有外交關係。
and travel between the two countries was strictly forbidden.
而兩國之間的旅行是嚴厲被禁止的。
The nations had separated but refused to reconcile or get divorced.
這個國家被分裂，並且，拒絕從這場離婚中和解。
After all, reconciliation would mean one nation giving in to the other, and divorce would lead to all-out war.
畢竟，調解意味著一個國家奉獻給另一個，而離婚將導致全面戰爭。
Even now, China has hundreds of missiles pointed at Taiwan,which they threaten to launch should Taiwan declare independence.
即便是現在，中國仍有數百個飛彈彈頭瞄準台灣，而他們威脅，萬一台灣宣佈獨立的話，這些飛彈將會發射。
In case you were won- dering how this affects the United States, the American government has sworn to profect Taiwan in the event of an invasion.
假使你很納悶，這事件對美國政府影響到底有多大，美國政府發誓要保護台灣，萬一台灣被侵略的話。
If they go to war. we would probably go along with them.
一旦他們開戰，可能我們必須參與其中。
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Months before his death in 1988,Taiwan's last dictator,Chiang Kai-shek's son Chiang Ching-kuo,allowed the nation to become a democracy.It was at this time that Ma Ying-jeou,the future president,first made his mark on the international scene.
在1988年他過世前的幾個月，這位台灣最後的獨裁者，蔣介石的兒子蔣經國，允許讓這個國家走向民主。也在同一時間，馬英九，這位未來總統，首次在國際舞台被注意到。
Ma came from one of the families that had followed General Chiang Kai-shek to Taiwan,and Ma's father had decided that his only son's life would have national purpose.The expectation were great.Ma was forced to study Chinese classics after school every day,and pressured to perfect his calligraphy.Ma's father also made him run daily to rid him of any laziness.
馬來自於一個跟隨統帥蔣介石來台的家庭，馬的父親決定讓他唯一的兒子的一生獻給國家。這是個偉大的期望！馬被迫每天在放學後讀中國古典文學，並被強壓著熟練書法。馬的父親讓他每天沒有一絲一毫的怠惰。
While Ma hated every minute of it,the experience did instill a certain discipline.He obtained a law degree from NYU and a doctorate from Harvard before returing to Taiwan to teach.There,at age 37,Ma became the former dictator's protege.The two shared a deeply held desire to reunite China and Taiwan under the banner of democracy.
當時馬無時無刻不痛恨這些（訓練），這些經驗確實灌輸了一種準確紀律。在他返回台灣教書之前，他在紐約大學獲得法律學位在哈佛得到博士學位。那時他37歲，馬變成了前任獨裁者的門徒。這兩人分享著想將中國與台灣統一在民主旗幟之下的深刻執著渴望。
Ma Knew that the first step was getting the two nations on speaking terms again.Using his legal expertise,he drafted what would become known as the "1992 Consensus",a masterpiece of diplomatic ambiguity.It declared there to be only "one China",but let both countries interpret the phrase however they pleased.The flexibleagreement opened up a dialogue with China that led to increased commerce between the two nations.It also helpd Ma gain a reputation as a savvy politician,which along with his general handsomeness,got him elected mayor of Taipei in 1998. (In a poll of Taipei women,asking which public figure they would most like to father their children,Ma was the resounding winner.)
馬知道第一件事是讓兩國重新友好。他使用他的法律專業，草擬了一份眾所周知的「九二共識」，那是集結所有外交曖昧詞句的名著！它公告說「世上只有一 個中國」，但兩個國家可依自己需要作各自表述。這份靈活的協議打開了與中國對話之門，增進了兩個國家的經貿往來。它同時也讓馬得到了機智政客的評價，就如 同他那張俊俏的臉，讓他1998年選上台北市長。（在台北女人的民調中，問她們哪位公眾人物她們希望他成為自己孩子的父親，馬遠遠領先其他人。）
Yet,mending fences with China would not prove simple.Ever since Taiwan became a democracy in 1987,there has been a sizable political movement to break away entirely.
至今，與中國修補籬笆的工作被證明了沒那麼容易。自從1987年台灣走向民主以來，那裡有一個大小適中的政治運動（將威權）徹底地打破。
After all,Taiwan is an open society that believes in free speech and civil liberties.
畢竟，台灣是個開放社會，相信自由對話與公民自由。
China,in spite of all its economic gains,is still rife with human rights violations,from Hong Kong to Tibet.
而中國，儘管經濟成就巨大，它（內部）的人權遭受侵犯仍然非常盛行，從香港到圖博。
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In 2000, Taiwan elected a pro-independence president, Chen Shui-bian, and diplomacy with China took a nosedive.
2000年台灣選出一個贊成獨立的總統陳水扁，中國的外交政策因此跌了一鼻子灰。
Both countries began saber-rattling and imposing financial restrictions on one another.
兩個國家都開始武力叫囂，並且對於另一國增設金融限制。
Their relationship took a turn for the ridiculous in 2005, when China offered Taiwan a goodwill gift of two pandas named Tuantuan and YuanYuan—a play on the Chinese word for reunion, Taiwan officially rejected them.
2005年的一件荒謬事情讓他們的關係出現了轉圜，當中國贈與了台灣兩隻熊貓團團圓圓，作為表示善意的禮物，在中文裡為「統一」的雙關語，台灣官方拒絕了他們。
As trade between the two countries waned,Taiwan's economy grew sluggish. Taiwan's ties with the United States also became strained because the American government didn't want to be dragged into a conflict with China.
當兩國之間的貿易衰退，台灣的經濟也發展遲緩。台灣與美國的關係變得緊張，因為美國政府並不想要在這個台灣與中國的鬥爭中被動地陷入泥淖。
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Reunited,and it feels so good
統一，它的感覺如此美好………
On March 22,2008,Ma Ying-jeou was elected president of Taiwan by a wide margin,after campaigning on the idea of a "Great China market".Modeled after the European Union,it would allow the free movement of goods and capital and encourage tourism between nations.
2008年三月22日，馬英九在總統大選中全面獲勝，在經歷過一場基於「大中國市場」主張的戰役之後。它效法歐洲共同體，允許貨物及資金自由流通，鼓勵國家間的旅遊。
In his inauguration speech,Ma reaffirmed his belief in the fantastically vague concept of "one China",and Taiwan's relationship with China improved almost immediately.
在他的就職演說裡，馬重申他的信念－－那個空泛模糊曖昧的「一個中國」概念，而台灣與中國的關係立即改善。
Ma was able to sign a series of agreements that increased trade and investment across the Taiwan Strait,opening up vital parts of Taiwan's service and manufacturing sectors to Chinese investor.
馬能夠簽訂一連串的協議，增進台灣海峽間的貿易與投資，對中國投資者開啟台灣服務業與製造業重要的那一扇門。
Even more dramatically,Ma passed legislation to make air travel between the nations possible.
甚至，顯著地，馬通過立法，讓兩個國家間的直航成為可能。
On July 4,2008,a commercial airplane brought passengers directly from China to Taiwan for the first time in nearly 60 years.
2008年七月4日，商業客機直接從中國帶來旅客，這是將近六十年來的第一次。
Now about 3,000 Chinese tourists arrive to invade Taipei's shopping malls each day.
現在每天大約有3000名中國旅客蜂擁而至台北的購物中心。
Also When China offered Taiwan the pandas Tuantuan and Yuanyuan agian,President Ma gladly accepted them.
並且，當中國再度贈與台灣雄貓團團圓圓時，總統馬英九很高興地接受。
Improved relations with China have also translated into improved relations with the United States. Now that China and Taiwan as a safe place to invest their money.
改善與中國的關係也可以說成是改善與美國的關係，現在中國與台灣就像是可以去投資的安全地方。
Unfortunately,Ma assumed office just as his country began to fell the effects of the global economic downturn.(In the first quarter of 2009,Taiwan's economy shrank by a record 10.2 percent from a year earlier.)
但不幸地，馬上任後，他的國家卻受到全球經濟下滑的影響（2009年第一季，台灣的經濟比去年收縮了10.2％）。
But many economists believe that,with money pouring in from both China and the United States,Taiwan maybe on the road to recovery.
但是許多經濟學家相信，只要金錢同時從中國與美國流進來，台灣可以邁向復甦之路。
Will Ma dream come ture?Will China and Taiwan ever reunite under the banner of democracy?Many foreign affairs experts would tell Ma to keep dreaming.
馬的夢想將要成真了嗎？台灣與中國將要統一在民主旗幟之下了嗎？許多外交事物專家會告訴馬－－繼續作夢吧！
But 25 year ago,these two countries weren't talking at all; and today, they're giving each other pandas.Anything is possible.
但25年前，這兩個國家絲毫沒有對話，然而今天，他們互贈雄貓。任何事都是可能的………
本文於 2009/09/15 22:37 修改第 1 次
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