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川普觀察:爛人爛事錄 -- 開欄文
2025/02/12 16:31 瀏覽1,071|回應14推薦2

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亓官先生
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0.  前言

我非常厭惡川普;一月中旬我又感冒,吃藥以後難以思考,在網上只能打發時間,混吃等病毒消失。沒怎麼關注川普上跳下竄的惡形惡狀。

前兩年黃陂同鄉會會員大會時,前理事長陳達康先生曾邀我跟鄉親們分享我對兩岸情勢的看法(20232022)。這個週末同鄉會舉辦春節祭祖團拜,理事長顏嬋娟女士再次邀我就時局給大家做個匯報。

至少到目前為止,美國還是全球一哥;要談世局還不得不搞清楚川普這個蛇頭老大在唱那齣。我一時三刻間沒有時間和腦力讀完所有的報導、分析、評論。只有就手頭所及,先列個索引,看看接下來能夠消化多少。讀過之後我可能轉載幾篇我認為精彩的文章。故開此欄。體力完全復原之後,我也會做些即時報導和評論。

1. 
川普跳樑(1)

1.1
國內暗流

川普上台以後,國內政治上,他凍結聯邦補助金遣散政府公務員逆轉多項政策。只要哄得美國老百姓爽,川普玩垮美國政治制度是他家的事。我還會拍掌喊加油。因為,美國越快倒台,中國越快起來。大多數美國老百姓雖然很好騙,但在自己的福利和荷包大幅縮水、失血以後,他們翻臉比翻書還快。所以,我在這裏做兩個大膽預測:

1)  
美國老百姓跟川普的政治蜜月期頂多到
今年七月;明年美國國會期中選舉,共和黨會大敗。
2)  
如果民主黨2026年在參、眾兩院拿到絕對多數;川普就會面臨第三次彈劾,並且灰頭土臉的下台一鞠躬。

1.2 
國際陰影

國際政治上,川普不但揚言要
南下巴拿馬北伐加拿大;他還放話東征加薩走廊西討索馬利亞。川普大概想自居成吉斯汗第二;在我看來,他就是個現實生活中的唐吉訶德

除了吹牛裝逼之外,他還大打
關稅戰退出聯合國部分組織;和制裁國際刑事法庭官員。川普的關稅其實是「消費稅」;它不但將提高美國國內的物價,還給全球經濟投下一個難以預測的變數。政治上,川普搞臭了所謂「『自由主義』主導下的國際秩序」,不但助長「有樣學樣」的風氣,弄得全世界雞犬不寧;這也勢必摧毀美國政府的信用。未來他的任何承諾、宣示、或條約,都會被看成「空口說白話」。只有那些被賣了還幫著人數鈔票的豬仔,才相信「協防台灣」的鬼話。

附註

1.
本節原為國際現勢2025的第2因內容與本欄相關,摘錄於此。 -- 02/16/25


川普相關報導索引:

Art of the Deal Meets Art of Tariffs: Donald Trump’s Economic Game Plan
As the US Supreme Court girds for Trump cases, can it be an 'effective firewall'?
China’s Trump Strategy
Judge Delays Program Offering Federal Workers Incentives to Quit
Judge Halts Access to Treasury Payment Systems by Elon Musk’s Team
MAGA farmers and teachers are the latest groups to regret voting for Trump
Middle East Tensions Highlights: Trump Officials Try to Walk Back Gaza Takeover Plan
Nation Builder: Trump Eyes Ownership of Gaza Strip
The Consequences of a Federal Funding Freeze in the States
Tracking Trump’s Cabinet Confirmations
Trump Administration Highlights: Nearly All Jobs Are Said to Be Cut at Aid Agency
Trump Digs In on Gaza Takeover and Palestinian Resettlement
Trump hits highest approval mark of either term as new poll finds America loves his policies
Trump imposes sanctions on International Criminal Court
Trump in no hurry to talk to Xi amid new tariff war
Trump officials fired nuclear staff not realizing they oversee the country’s weapons stockpile, sources say
Trump on DEI And Anti-Discrimination Law
Trump reiterates threat to retake Panama Canal ‘or something very powerful’ will happen
Trump says he believes US will 'get Greenland'
Trump Says He’s Serious About Wanting Canada to Become 51st U.S. State
Trump’s American utopia doesn’t exist
Trump-Musk Scandal at USAID Takes Unnerving Turn With Vile Leaked Memo
What is 50501? What to know about movement sparking protests around the US
What will Trump 2.0 mean for the global world order?
Why Federal Courts May Be the Last Bulwark Against Trump
Why Trump is on the warpath in Somalia

其它相關報導與評論:

Beijing hits back – can China and US avoid trade war escalation?
Five ways China is hitting back against US tariffs
「後美國」時代

本文於 2025/02/24 15:11 修改第 10 次
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引用網址:https://city.udn.com/forum/trackback.jsp?no=2976&aid=7246211
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世局或將劇變的一年 -- John Simpson
2025/02/24 16:09 推薦2


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下文作者辛普森先生現任英國國家廣播公司國際事務部主編。該文主旨和舒門先生的觀點相近(該欄2025/02/20)。也請參考拙作1(該欄開欄文)拙作2(該欄開欄文第2)拙作3(該欄2024/12/31)等文。

辛普森先生相當悲觀。可能受到他現在半官方職位的侷限這篇文章不得不對一個嚴重問題做輕描淡寫的分析。各位需要從字裏行間來解讀他使用「外交辭令」所表達的意見。如果參看上面所引用我的相關評論,會不無小補。

2025 could be year for the history books as Trump shreds global norms

John Simpson, World Affairs Editor, 02/23/25

Just occasionally, there are years when the world goes through some fundamental, convulsive change. 1968, with the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, the Paris riots and the anti-Vietnam War protests in America, was one of them. 1989, the year of the Tiananmen massacre, the fall of the Berlin Wall, and the implosion of the Soviet empire, was another.

I was on hand to see each of these things happen, and from that perspective it seems to me that, only seven weeks in, 2025 could be a year like that: a time when the basic assumptions about the way our world works are fed into the shredder.

The basic reason, of course, is Donald Trump.

Since the end of the World War Two, each one of the 13 US presidents before Trump's current term in office has at least paid lip service to a set of key geopolitical principles: that America's own security depended on protecting Europe from Russia, and the non-Communist countries of Asia against China.

Trump has up-ended this approach. He says he's putting American interests first, way before everything else. Mostly that comes down to the single question of how much it costs the US.

In itself, this is pretty hard for his friends and allies abroad, especially in Europe. But it's made far more difficult by Trump's own personality. No US president in modern times, not even Richard Nixon, let his personal characteristics shape his policies like Trump does.

"He's just like Louis XIV," one retired American diplomat said to me, referring to France's self-aggrandising Sun King.

Critics like this believe Trump is both breathtakingly vain, and amazingly thin-skinned at the same time. As a result, the appointees who surround him, people like Elon Musk and JD Vance, perhaps think that their position depends entirely on how much they praise him and back his views.

When President Trump claims, with no evidence, 
that President Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine is corrupt and has a low approval rating, Musk then takes it further: he piles in to say that Zelensky is despised by the Ukrainian people and is feeding off the dead bodies of Ukrainian soldiers.

No one in the Trump circle today, it seems, will cough discreetly and say, "Mr President, maybe you should consider rowing back on that statement."

Judging from his previous term in office, we can be sure that every one of the people around him knows how he detests being disagreed with. And they will also know that many voters wholeheartedly back Trump's approach, and feel they have been bankrolling security in a far-off continent.

He has committed himself to stopping the Ukraine war by Easter. He is absolutely correct when he says that President Vladimir Putin is keen on this. Russian troops are, through sheer force of numbers, making slow advances in the eastern part of Ukraine.

But the cost in Russian lives is immense. If the process continues, Russia may have to turn to conscription, which would be dangerously unpopular and might even destabilise Putin's regime. Everything Trump says about getting peace is music to his ears.

John Bolton, Trump's far-from-subservient national security adviser during his first administration, said the other day that they'd be breaking out the champagne in the Kremlin when they heard the Trump administration's peace plan. It certainly felt like a historic moment – not just in Moscow but around the world.

Putin has pointedly backed the idea that Trump really won the 2020 election. It may not be true, but President Putin knows that Trump favours anyone who backs his view of things.

Why, by contrast, have Trump and the people round him come down so hard on President Zelensky? It must partly be because he's not obediently doing what he's told, such as returning to the negotiating table and strike a deal on US access to Ukraine's critical minerals.

At the same time, President Trump understands that Zelensky is the weakest link in the US-Russia-Ukraine trio, and can be squeezed in a way that Putin can't be. The more pressure that is piled on Zelensky, the quicker a peace deal will come.

President Trump never seems, at least in public, to show much interest in the fine detail of any agreement. It's the agreement itself that matters to him, even if Ukraine and its allies believe it's manifestly unfair and allows Russia to come back at some future date and start the war all over again.

British and German diplomats whom I know have been enraged by the way Trump went about getting Russia to the negotiating table. "He had two major cards in his hand," said one. "The first was Russia's isolation. Putin would have made plenty of concessions to get himself to the talks with America – only Trump didn't insist on any concessions at all. He just let him sit down and start talking."

The other card, the diplomat said, was to insist that Ukraine should be allowed to join Nato. "Trump could have banged away about this and extorted all sorts of agreements from Putin, before finally saying OK, well, Ukraine won't join Nato in that case." In European capitals it's felt that he threw away both of his essential cards before the talks even started, without any preconditions.

Already, though, some European diplomats with experience of US politics are advising their governments that this grand monarchical period in Donald Trump's presidency, where his advisers defer to him (he literally referred to himself as a "king" this week), won't last.

Trump currently has control of a pliant Congress and a conservative Supreme Court – but in only 20 months' time, in November 2026, there will be mid-term elections in the US.

There are signs that inflation is starting to rise in America, and enough people may well be affected badly by the upheavals to want to punish Trump's Republicans.

If he loses control of one or both Houses, the power he has at present of pushing through every plan and policy, no matter how controversial, will diminish.

But an awful lot can happen in the next year and eight months. Trump's expansionism might embolden China. A major international trade war, sparked off by Trump's tariffs, could open up. The European Union seems likely to become politically and economically weaker than ever.

Agreeing peace in Ukraine on Russia's terms will be something entirely new for the United States. In the great majority of negotiations since 1945, Russia has struggled to get its way because of America's economic and military strength.

Now President Putin, having made the costly decision to invade Ukraine three years ago, looks likely to get away with it, and prosper.

If that happens, then 2025 will indeed be remembered as a key year: a moment when the history of the world changed, and nothing was ever quite the same again.


相關閱讀

Invisible Losses: Tens of thousands fighting for Russia are dying unnoticed on the frontline in Ukraine
Rosenberg: How Putin and Trump shook up the world in a week
Trump echoes Russia as he upends US position on Ukraine
'Trump hasn't got any plan': Russians speak to BBC after three years of war
Trump says Starmer and Macron 'haven't done anything' to end Ukraine war


本文於 2025/02/24 16:16 修改第 1 次
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《川普力推中國上位》小評
2025/02/20 21:10 推薦2


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本欄上一篇貼文中舒門先生開宗明義第一段可謂「王城不為外敵破」這個判斷的註腳。他的分析可以佐證我有幾分先見之明,並不是在這裏搭個格子就胡謅亂蓋:

1)  該文標題和全篇主旨跟這篇開欄文本欄開欄文第1.1小節以及這篇短評(2024/12/31)等文觀點相當吻合

2) 
細節部分:
2)a
他認為川普政策對美國的損害可能「無法挽回」(1),跟我的評估相同(該欄開欄文第2))
2)b
他就川普對烏克蘭戰爭的決策以及後續發展(2),跟我的評估相近(該欄開欄文第2))
2)c
他對川普關稅戰的評估(3),也跟我的看法相近(該欄2025/02/05);他的揶揄非常俏皮(4),幾乎擲地有聲。

此外,舒門先生指出:中國將以取代美國成為歐洲保護者自居。我倒是沒有從這個角度來思考,功力還是差了一皮。它的確是有趣和頗具顛覆性的觀點。

最後,舒們先生大作刻畫出全球各地區之間不但相關,而且連動。能夠幫助我們從深廣的視角來解讀政策和時局在此大力推薦

附註:


1.  The damage to American global standing could be irreparable.
2.  “The supposed master negotiator is signaling his willingness to sacrifice Ukraine to Russia before formal negotiations even start.”
以及 “European leaders do not have to abide by whatever deal Trump cooks up with Putin for Ukraine. They could hold firm, continue the war, and … .“
3.  “But Xi doesn’t seem particularly bothered. Beijing retaliated, but with little more than a face-saving gesture.”
4.  “Why fuss about a few shipments of stuffed toys when you can take over the world?”


本文於 2025/02/22 04:07 修改第 5 次
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川普力推中國上位 -- Michael Schuman
2025/02/20 17:43 推薦1


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Trump Hands the World to China

Xi Jinping could only have dreamed of such rapid destruction of American power.

Michael Schuman, 02/19/25

American global leadership is ending. Not because of “American decline,” or the emergence of a multipolar world, or the actions of U.S. adversaries. It’s ending because President Donald Trump wants to end it.

Just about all of Trump’s policies, both at home and abroad, are rapidly destroying the foundation of American power. The main beneficiary will be the Chinese leader Xi Jinping, who has been planning for the moment when Washington stumbles and allows China to replace the United States as the world’s superpower. That Trump is willing to hand the world over to Xi—or doesn’t even realize that’s what he’s doing—shows that his myopic worldview, admiration for autocrats, and self-obsession are combining to threaten international security and, with it, America’s future.

Trump is choosing to retreat even though the U.S. has its adversaries on the back foot. President Joe Biden’s foreign policy was working. By supporting Ukraine’s defense against Russia’s invasion, Biden weakened Moscow so severely that President Vladimir Putin had to turn to North Korea for help. His backing of Israel in its war with Hamas in Gaza undercut Iran’s influence in the Middle East. And Biden’s strengthening of the U.S. global-alliance system pressured and unnerved China as the world’s advanced democracies banded together against Xi and his plans to upset the world order.

Now Trump is voluntarily throwing away this hard-won leverage. The supposed master negotiator is signaling his willingness to sacrifice Ukraine to Russia before formal negotiations even start. Last week, U.S. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth called a restoration of Ukraine to its borders before Russia snatched Crimea in 2014 an “unrealistic objective,” indicating that the administration would accept a peace deal that allows Putin to keep part of the independent nation he invaded. Hegseth also rejected NATO membership for Ukraine—the possibility of which was Putin’s pretext for invading in the first place. That wouldn’t be a bad outcome for Putin after starting a brutal war and effectively losing it.

But the big winner from such a settlement will be China. Because China is Russia’s most important partner, any gains that Putin can salvage from his disastrous war forwards the two dictators’ global agenda. That’s why Xi is egging Trump on. Beijing has reportedly proposed holding a summit between Trump and Putin to resolve the Ukraine war. Then Chinese construction companies would try to swoop in and earn a fortune rebuilding a shattered Ukraine, which Xi helped Putin destroy by supporting Russia’s sanctions-plagued economy.

More than that, Xi certainly realizes that Trump’s pandering to Putin offers Xi a chance to break up the Atlantic alliance and entrench Chinese influence in Europe. Vice President J. D. Vance blasted European allies at last week’s Munich Security Conference for marginalizing extremist right-wing political parties, and Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi took the opportunity to present Xi as the anti-Trump. “China will surely be a factor of certainty in this multipolar system and strive to be a steadfast constructive force in a changing world,” he told the attendees.

European leaders are not likely to have forgotten that Xi enabled Putin’s war in Ukraine. But if Trump won’t guarantee European security, Xi may well seize the opportunity to expand Chinese power by offering to step into the breach. Xi could make the case that he is able to rein in Putin, protect Ukraine, and preserve stability in Europe. That promise could well be an empty one; Xi may not be willing or even able to restrain an emboldened Putin. Still, abandoned by Washington, European leaders may hold their collective noses and look to Xi to keep the peace.

China “would start replacing the U.S. in the role of keeping Russia out of the Eastern Flank,” Gabrielius Landsbergis, the former Lithuanian foreign minister, recently posted on X. European Union members “in the East would be dependent on China’s protection and the racketeering would spread West.”

Trump is handing Xi other opportunities, too. By withdrawing from the World Health Organization and the United Nations Human Rights Council, the U.S. is clearing the field for China to make the UN system an instrument of its global power. Dismantling USAID makes China all the more indispensable to the developing world. Trump’s bizarre plan to deport Palestinians from Gaza will be a boon to Xi in the Middle East, a region China considers vital to its interests. Even the U.S. suspension of federal financial support for electric vehicles helps Xi by hampering American automakers in a sector Beijing seeks to dominate. China may see American retrenchment as an invitation to take more aggressive actions in pursuit of its interests—in Taiwan, but also toward other U.S. allies in Asia, including Japan, South Korea, and the Philippines.

Trump apparently assumes that he can keep Xi in check with tariffs. He imposed new duties on Chinese imports earlier this month. But Xi doesn’t seem particularly bothered. Beijing retaliated, but with little more than a face-saving gesture. The reciprocal tariffs covered a mere tenth of U.S. imports. Why fuss about a few shipments of stuffed toys when you can take over the world?

The damage to American global standing could be irreparable. The hope now is that the major democracies of Europe and Asia—France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom—will stop up the power vacuum Trump is creating and keep China out of it. European leaders do not have to abide by whatever deal Trump cooks up with Putin for Ukraine. They could hold firm, continue the war, and wait for a new administration in Washington to reaffirm U.S. security commitments. But the course is risky, because erstwhile U.S. allies can’t assume that Washington will ever reestablish global leadership, or that if it does, the promises of future presidents will endure. That uncertainty may compel the allied democracies to make accommodations with China as best they can.

Trump’s administration may be seeking to settle matters with Putin in order then to concentrate limited U.S. resources on confronting China. But this course may succeed only in making China more difficult to contend with, because America will be forced to do so without its traditional allies by its side.

Trust, once lost, is difficult to restore. Trump’s premise seems to be that what happens in Europe and Asia is of little consequence to the United States. Vance invoked Catholic theology (erroneously, according to Pope Francis) to justify a hierarchy of concern that places caring for U.S. citizens ahead of the rest of the world. But what, exactly, is best for Americans?

Trump may be right that other powers should do more to take care of their own affairs. But Americans know as well as anyone that what happens in the far-flung corners of the world—whether in Europe in the 1930s and ’40s or in Afghanistan at the turn of the 21st century—can and often does affect them, even dragging them into conflicts they do not want to fight. That doesn’t mean Washington must police every dispute. But by ceding global leadership to authoritarian China, Trump is creating a world that will almost certainly be hostile to the United States, its prosperity, and its people.


相關閱讀

[
David Frum: How Trump lost his trade war]
[
Quico Toro: Trump’s Colombia spat is a gift to China]


本文於 2025/02/20 17:43 修改第 1 次
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美國有什麼問題?
2025/02/17 18:42 推薦1


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美國有問題 ! ?

亓官先生

一、美國人看不出美國問題

其實美國沒有問題,尤其是合法居住在美國的三億三千萬美國人

看不出美國有問題,這是什麼原因呢 ?

最早提出美國問題說法的是亓官先生

二、亓官先生學美語

三十三年前亓官先生在屏東基督復臨安息日會學習美語,由一位美國老太太教授,

授課之餘,會談一些時事,當時美國總統老布希以販毒罪名,派兵把巴拿馬總統

諾瑞加抓回美國受審,美國老太太覺得老布希很英明,做了正確行動,美國老太太

問我們兩位同學的看法,我說:「It is a good action, but not the right one。」,同學

怪球先生表示同意。

美國老太太說 :「Why you say so?」我說:「It is an invasion,  Maybe the President should let

Panama to join the United States at first。」

美國老太太笑了起來,她才想起巴拿馬還是外國,說:「It is not an easy task!」

亓官先生的提醒讓美國老太太醒悟: 「即使是好的侵略,還是一種侵略!」。

美國的朋友比敵人更難做

1971年,聯合國通過聯大第2758號決議,議文決定:「恢復中華人民共和國的一切權利,

承認她的政府的代表為中國在聯合國組織的唯一合法代表,並立即把蔣介石的代表從它在

聯合國組織及其所屬一切機構中所非法占據的席位上驅逐出去。」而同時進行的由

美國提議的保留中華民國在聯合國的席位的投票,則遭到否決。

在此項投票進行之前中華民國駐聯合國代表周書楷先生發表了一篇中華民國退出聯合國

的悲憤聲明,對於聯合國違反創會原則,驅逐創始會員國中華民國

的「排我納匪案」,表達嚴重不滿,並宣布主動退出聯合國!

周書楷先生曾任駐美大使,駐聯合國代表,返國後又任外交部長,

他總結回顧自己數十年與美國人打交道的經驗,嘆息道: 想做美國的朋友比當敵人更艱難。」

 

美國獨立戰爭

    西元1776年,美國脫離英國而獨立美國獨立戰爭American War of Independence),又稱美國革命戰爭

American Revolutionary War),是大英帝國

準備獨立的美利堅歐洲強國法國之間的一場戰爭[8]。(1775—1783年)

這場戰爭主要始於北美十三殖民地就經濟與政治問題與英國本土產生矛盾,從而決定以武裝革命尋求獨立,

但後來卻因為法國加入戰爭對抗英國,而使戰爭的範圍遠遠超過英屬北美洲之外。同時,英國與當地的

印地安人結盟,以增加勢力。在獨立戰爭初期,英國尚能夠充分利用皇家海軍船堅砲利的優勢控制

十三殖民地的沿海城市,但對於如何控制內陸地區、及應對盤據內陸、熟悉地形、驍勇善戰的

殖民地民兵卻束手無策,這直接導致了英國陸軍在薩拉托加戰役的失敗,這場戰役成為戰爭轉折點,

鼓勵了法國對英開戰,並鼓舞了其他歐洲列強站在美國一邊對抗英國,隨著法國海軍在切薩皮克海戰

大捷奪得制海權,英軍於1781年的約克鎮之圍城戰役中慘敗投降,

並於1783年被迫簽訂《巴黎條約》承認美國獨立

、得天獨厚的美國

美國成立後一百多年在北美這片化外之地沒有國王和外國的干擾默默進行著擴張

行動,除了解放黑奴的內,經歷了一百多年的和平時期,在這期間,美國把原住民印地安人

趕到僅餘的幾塊保留地,美國向墨西哥搶來德州、加州、新墨西哥州,向西班牙買來聖地牙哥,

向荷蘭買來華爾街,向西班牙搶來菲律賓殖民地,向俄羅斯買來阿拉斯加州向太平洋擴充

到夏威夷島,由最初十三州擴充到五十二州。

第二次世界大戰後,歐洲殘破不堪,美國成為實質上世界的獨強。

世界警察與圍堵政策

圍堵政策 (英語: containment,中國大陸譯作 遏制戰略),特指圍堵共產主義和圍堵共產主義陣營,

是美國在冷戰時期的反共主義的外交戰略,目的是防止多米諾骨牌效應。 政策始於美國駐蘇聯的外交官

 喬治·肯南 的「長電報」 (long telegram) [1],認為美蘇必成為敵手,而在對峙中美國實力明顯強過蘇聯。

第二次世界大戰後,美國以世界警察自居,在歐洲成立北大西洋公約組織,對抗蘇聯成立的華沙公約組織。

在亞洲以聯合國軍名義打韓戰,與中朝聯軍戰成平手,隔北緯38度線分而治之。

七、美國曾經是民主政治國家的典範

以美國為例,可謂曾經是實行民主政治國家的典範,尤其可與蘇聯制度做截然不同的對比,值得我們作借鏡。

調和科學與民主之間的管道就是要建立良好進步的制度,試以「公聽會制度」為例。我們知道現代社會是

分工細密的專家社會,不同的專業領域間差異甚大,常使人興起「隔行如隔山」之嘆。

對各行各業樣樣精通的「全能之士」可謂極不可能,但是民主社會中任何公共政策的制定,必然涉及

各項專業知識的運用,如何融合不同專家的意見?「公聽會」就是融合專業權威性與民主普遍性於一爐的絕佳設計。

手握決策大權的行政或立法大員們,即使是科學界的門外漢,亦可透過公聽會制度,邀請專家學者來

公開辯論,質疑問難,甚至故意邀請立場見解完全相反的兩派專家來做公開的說明。在這種形同考試的

公聽會上,擁有專門學識的專家,為了闡明己見,千方百計想盡辦法,以普通人聽得懂的話語,來介紹自己的

專業知識,而講理不鬥力的辯論過程,正是互相溝通達成共識的最佳途徑。即使勢均力敵、相持不
下,必須付諸表決時,決策者對問題的來龍去脈也有通盤的了解,不至於違背公眾的權益。

另一個例子,就是「專家委員會」。這是當社會上發生重大爭議,或有危害公眾安全的重大災難時,

決策者常立刻組成「專家委員會」,做深入調查,期能改善現行有缺陷的操作程序,避免重蹈覆轍。

這種制度,可使行政決策者避免獨斷專行之弊,或是「外行領導內行」的譏評,且可博得民主化領導的好名聲。

挑戰者號太空梭發射失敗後,立刻由前國務卿羅吉斯、前太空人阿姆斯壯組成調查委員會,作詳細的調查評估,

並對國會提出報告,就是一個例子。

調查委員會的主持人,並不一定要有專業技術的背景,而要求其權威性與客觀性並重。以美國

調查愛滋病防治政策缺失案為例,前美國總統雷根在決定修訂愛滋病防治策略前,任命

退休海軍上將魏金斯(J. Watkins),組成十三人委員會,其成員包括醫學專業及非專業的人才。

主持人並非醫學專家,但是行政經驗豐富。該委員會費時數月,到全國各地去調查訪問,

然後做出令人信服的總結報告,提出180項改革建議。行政管理專家與醫療專家對委員會

的貢獻,同樣受到肯定,這是一個值得重視的例子。

八、美國先賢創立的政治標竿

    喬治·華盛頓(George Washington,1732年2月22日—1799年12月14日),美國傑出的政治家、

軍事家、革命家,美國開國元勛、國父、首任總統。

1775年至1783年美國獨立戰爭時任大陸軍(Continental Army)的總司令,1787年主持了制憲會議

會議制定了現在實施的美國憲法。1789年,他經過全體選舉團無異議的支持而成為美國第一任總統

(其同時也成為全世界第一位以“總統”為稱號的國家元首,首任總統),在接連兩次選舉中都獲得了

全體選舉團無異議支持,一直擔任總統直到1797年。他在兩屆的任期中設立了許多持續到今天的政策和傳統。

在兩屆任期結束後,他自願放棄權力不再謀求續任。

事實上,華盛頓在執政末期時,身邊也有許多馬屁人士,勸他修改憲法改成終身任期制,卻遭華盛頓拒絕,

他說: 「寡頭政治是個單向梯,只能上去卻下不來。」因此堅決拒絕,並創下任期制度,

從此一直被美國人遵行到現在,只被小羅斯福總統在二次世界大戰末期,打破慣例,連任第三次。

美國強勢介入東亞的過程

本節引用作者胡志偉的分析報導:

美國強勢介入東亞的過程基本是先支持日本衝擊東亞大陸的中、俄、英、法、德勢力,

等這些勢力精疲力竭之時,再反過來支持這些勢力反衝擊日本,最終實現了對日本的

直接掌控和東亞沿海島鏈的重大影響。
   
對於日俄戰爭日本的勝利,1904210日即在開戰的第二天,羅斯福在的日記中

寫道「對日本人的勝利,我高興透了。因為日本在做有利於我們的事。」

       1915313日,美國國務卿布賴恩對日本向中國提出21條發表聲明稱:

「合眾國有理由反對日本關於山東、南滿和蒙古東部的『要求』;儘管如此,

合眾國坦率地承認,版圖的接近造成日本和這些地區之間的特殊關係。」
   
   在日本打敗俄國後幾年,時任駐俄公使柔克義意識到美國不要過於忽視俄國在

太平洋的積極作用。1911121日,他寫信給國務卿諾克斯認為:「俄國在遠東

的友好與合作似乎非常重要,其價值將隨著日本的擴張而不斷增加。」
   
   以上事例說明美國也在日俄之間玩均衡。
   
   對於日本的全面侵華戰爭,美國的手法更值得玩味。可以說,中國全面抗戰開始後,

前期的主要支持力量不是美國,反而是蘇聯和德國。在此期間,中國從德國和俄國取得了

大量軍火,沒有這些軍火,中國的前期抗日就很難支撐。但美國雖然在口頭上反對日本侵略,

實際上卻將大量戰略物資賣給日本。
   
   1937年美國輸往日本的鋼鐵、飛機及其零件、車床、石油、汽油、銅、鉛,分別比

1936年增加15.3倍、1.5倍、2.5倍、0.5倍、0.5 倍、1.4倍和1/101938年日本進口的

戰略原料中,美國所佔份額,石油及石油製品、機器、廢鐵、銅、飛機、鐵合金、鉛、

汽車分別佔65.6%67.1%90.4%90.9%76.9%82.7%45.5%64.7%。從1937

1939年,美國對日本輸出總額每年保持2億多美元,其中軍需物資所佔份額,

193758%1938年為66%1939年竟達81%
   
   從這些資料可以看出,如果美國一早就對日本進行石油、橡膠、鋼鐵等禁運,

日本的戰力可能連前四年都堅持不下去。
   
   珍珠港事變後美國加入對日作戰,主要原因是日本已經把東亞大陸的舊勢力

衝擊得差不多了,美國當然不指望一個由日本主導的大東亞在日後與之競爭。

在同樣的思路之下,美國也不希望戰後東亞大陸出現一個大中國的主導力量,他最

希望的還是碎片化格局。
    1942
83日,羅斯福行政助理居曾對蔣介石說:「華盛頓部份人之印象已

不將中國東北認係中國的一部份,應作為戰後日俄兩國間之緩衝國。」
   
美國曾要求託管東北與台灣
   
即使到了19451120日,駐華美軍司令魏德邁向美國政府提出關於中國問題的報告,

還提議由國民黨政府集中力量控制華北,而把中國東北交由國際託管 。此建議其實對

國民黨很有利,可以說,共軍如不取得東北,內戰根本不可能翻盤,但當時蔣介石出於

「請神容易送神難」的考慮,鑒於民族大義,拒絕了此一建議。因為一旦成為國際共管區,

則將來就有住民投票獨立之可能。
   
   美國對臺灣的態度也是十分詭異。很多人以為是國民黨大陸失敗後退據臺灣才

出現所謂「臺灣地位未定論」,其實不然,美國早有掌控或至少在軍事上管制臺灣的

設想和努力,只是由於蔣介石的巧妙抵制才使其夢想落空。
   
   美國是清末以來最早侵略臺灣的國家,雖然當時由於國力原因和列強牽制而

沒有成功,這並不表示他就對此全然忘懷。(2020/02/10 表)

十、美國政客的墮落

美國政客的墮落當然非自今日始。

隆納德·威爾遜·雷根Ronald Wilson Reagan191126—200465日),美國共和黨籍政治人物,

曾擔任第33加利福尼亞州州長(1967年-1975年)、第40美國總統並成功連任(1981年-1989年)。

踏入政壇前,曾擔任過運動廣播員、救生員、報社專欄作家、電影演員。

雷根總統因為口才便給有幽默感曾經被政界與媒體公認為偉大溝通者(The Great Communicater)

雷根也是歷來唯一有著離婚史的總統也就是說在雷根總統之前沒有曾經離婚的政客敢參選總統

雷根打破紀錄之後政客們就百無禁忌後來民主黨的蓋瑞哈特參加總統初選時,大清早毫不避諱出現在

某女演員家的陽台媒體記者直擊公布出來哈特雖矢口否認但是照片會說話,哈特只好退選,

當時輿論界的批評並非針對哈特的婚外情,而是攻擊他說謊!也就是說公德與私德,

美國人已經不再相提並論,唐納川普後來看準此種機會,一舉以離婚四次的名聲搶下總統寶座!

而當年擊敗老布希總統的柯林頓,第一任期中與白宮實習生陸文斯基大搞口交,把白宮演成春宮,

讓全世界人民對白宮失去基本的尊敬!

美國政客的墮落也代表支持他的百分之六十美國人,根本不計較政客私德如何!

十一、美國還會沉淪嗎 ?

曾經有一位已故老預言家提到美國將來選出一位女總統後,美式民主政治就終結了 !

這話當年沒人敢信,但是在唐納川普二進宮後,此預言的可能性已大幅增加

唐納川普如果提出修憲廢除任期制又設法傳位給女兒伊凡卡,美式民主的走向

寡頭政治將與老預言家的預告完全相符


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