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瑞士巴塞爾 Basel-1 地標簡介
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The Basel Pfalz offers fantastic views across the old town and far beyond into the so-called Dreiländereck, the point where three countries meet(German, France & Switzerland). On clear days, looking downstream towards the left, the Vosges Mountains can be seen. The French border is located directly behind the high chemical industry buildings. The green hills behind Kleinbasel are the foothills of the Black Forest, and lie in Germany. Steps lead down from the Pfalz to the jetty of the Münsterfähre (Cathedral Ferry). This ferryboat is attached to a fixed cable across the Rhine, and crosses the broad river solely with the force of the current. There are three other similar ferries in Basel, and all are popular with the young and old alike. A narrow archway leads from the terrace to the calm cloister of the Basel Cathedral (Münster). A large number of richly-carved gravestones are displayed here, from members of prominent Basel families dating the period between the 16th and the 19th centuries.
Schifflände and the Mittlere Brücke
At the foot of the former bishop’s city on the Münsterhügel, the River Birsig flows through an underground channel into the Rhine. It was here that historical land routes and water routes once crossed. The first Rhine bridge at this transhipment point was opened in the 13th century. The present Mittlere Brücke was built at the beginning of the 20th century.
In the Middle Ages, fishermen, sailors, merchants and craftsmen of all kinds settled in this important commercial area. Basel’s first bridge across the River Rhine was opened here in the year 1226. Initially used primarily by local traffic, it became an important Rhine crossing for long-distance traders in the 14th century when the road over the Gotthard Pass gained international importance. This first bridge was built by the bishop-prince Heinrich von Thun. To enable this costly project to be realised, he was obliged to pledge the church treasure. Then in order to protect the expensive bridge, he caused the small fortified town of Kleinbasel to be built on the north bank of the Rhine. Electric trams were introduced to Basel in the year 1895. These proved to be too heavy for the old bridge dating from the 13th century, so it was replaced by a new structure in 1905. In the middle of the new bridge stands a copy of the former bridge chapel, the ‘Käppelijoch’. In the Middle Ages women who were accused of infidelity or infanticide were bound and thrown into the Rhine. If they were swept to the banks of the river still alive, then this was taken as proof of their innocence, and they were set free. Today a landing stage for Basel’s passenger ships is located at Shifflände. Interesting excursions along the Rhine can be taken from here.
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The Medieval Fischmarkt between Schifflände and the Marktplatz is the imposing Late-Gothic fountain. This was created at the end of the 14th century by a master stonemason drawn from the famous family of master builders and masons, Parler.
The large fountain has an 11-metre high column at its centre, richly decorated with carvings, some of which are painted and some gilt. The three principal figures are the Virgin Mary with child and sceptre, the Apostle Peter with the key, and John the Evangelist with chalice and book. The decoration also includes numerous smaller figures of angels. These play musical instruments or hold the Basel coat of arms. More saints are depicted on the baldachin, while at the very top, on the finial, stands an angel clasping a palm leaf. The original, heavily weathered column is on display in the Historical Museum (Historisches Museum). The column at the Fischmarkt is a copy dating from the early 20th century. Fish played an important role in Basel’s cuisine in the Middle Ages, for the River Rhine and its tributaries provided a rich supply. This was highly valued, particularly during Lent. On market days fishermen would place their baskets of green” (live) fish in the basin of the fountain. This meant they could guarantee the freshness of their wares.
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