縮短形 – 常用類形有：【'd  'm  's  't  ’ll  ‘re  ‘ve】

例句；

he'd  he had; he would

they'd  they would

I'm  I am

he's  he is; he has

there's  there is; there has

aren't  are not

I'll  I shall, I will

we're  we are

they're  they are

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