在八八水災重創台灣的萬般慌亂中,台灣網路大軍自發性的串聯、整合,提供即時、動態的災情資訊,稍解全民在災難混亂中的集體焦慮感。他們駕馭網路的數位能力,遠遠超出號稱e化的政府;甚至受邀進駐中央及部分縣市的災害應變中心,協助架設資訊平台。這群「電子數位公民」的精彩表現,堪稱這次風災悲情中令人感動的新力量。
在莫拉克豪雨成災後,中樞失能,沒人知道政府在做什麼、災情如何、需求若干,故而受災者焦慮,旁觀者心痛。幸好,我們還有網路。網友立即動員,網路上快速出現各種災情整合通報的網站。
這些工具多半是由舊政府時代走來的高官不熟悉的:包括以推特(twitter)為基礎架構的「莫拉克災情網路中心」、以google map為底加上各方通報以標示各地災情的「莫拉克颱風災情地圖」、整理噗浪(Plurk)資訊的「莫拉克颱風災情支援」,媒合各式資源與人力供需。其中,由多位著名部落客組成的台灣數位文化協會進駐官方災變中心支援,並於日前結束任務,彌補救災體系中失落的環節,為網路公民力量的展現做了示範。
回顧十年前的九二一地震,當時的數位環境與今日有天壤之別。那時google才草創一年,Youtube不存在,既沒有facebook,也沒有推特、噗浪。媒體攝影機到不了的災區,幾乎被社會遺忘。如今,行動上網隨處可見,利用全球定位系統(GPS),拍照、收發訊息,人人都是公民記者;微網誌和社交媒體的凝聚力,在重大社會事件中,頃刻間轉化成網民集體任務的動員令。
在八八水災中,原住民部落受災範園廣袤,加上路斷泥阻,傳統媒體派出的報導人力,早已無法有效覆蓋(cover)所有受災區域,造成許多資訊死角。但是,傳統媒體做不到的,網路可以;許多「災」民記者為受難部落建立各別圖像。
救災好比作戰,充足而即時的資訊是救災決策的依據,更是降低社會集體焦慮的重要工具;但在提供即時、動態資訊的任務上,政府似已棄守。難怪網友感嘆:「好險我們活在Web 2.0時代裡」,因為無法趕回老家的人民,「可以直接從網友的串聯與回報,看看家裡附近的水退了沒」;然後,在睡覺前再望一眼「莫拉克颱風災情地圖」,期待地圖上那些標在各災點的小圖像,代表緊急的驚嘆號、物資缺乏的紅色「餓」字,能在天亮之後消失。
當然,我們無意誇大網路效能成萬能工具。在匿名的網路世界裡,本就有極端意見容易被放大,謠言一再複製、流傳的負面特性;網路也常是白目網友的「秀場」。
但是,當社會危機觸動網民的同理心,只要有人在正確的方向上,以專業技術引導網路資訊的流向,將是一股無法忽視的新動能。噗友、推友不只是利用網路道早安、發牢騷的旁觀者,也可以是以資訊專長投入重建的資訊志工,並且形成公共論壇,不斷接力挖掘災難真相,和政治勢力相抗衡。
在災後口水戰中,網路世代不會滿足於政府傳統式的單向說明、辯解,例如小林滅村元兇是否為越域引水已成網路上各方高手引據論戰的專業戰場。當緊急救援結束,「監督施政、要求負責」將是下階段的數位公民不容放棄的任務,並不惜「下線,展開行動」。去年韓國青年反對美國牛肉進口,網路論壇上彈劾李明博的連署,一周內竟有一百卅萬人響應,成千上萬青年走上首爾街頭的「狂牛震撼」,足為馬英九借鏡。
執政者必須體認,在推特、噗浪盛行的時代,e世代公民有「立即對話、立即回應」的需求和焦慮;但宣稱要「在網路海灘上,築起對話營火」的治國者仍依著上世紀的節拍行事,離微網誌時代數位公民的政治期待,還差得很遠,很遠。
The GSM Association is an international organization founded in 1987, dedicated to providing, developing, and overseeing the worldwide wireless standard of GSM. CDMA, a proprietary standard designed by Qualcomm in the United States, has been the dominant network standard for North America and parts of Asia. However, GSM networks continue to make inroads in the United States, as CDMA networks make progress in other parts of the world. There are camps on both sides that firmly believe either GSM or CDMA architecture is superior to the other. That said, to the non-invested consumer who simply wants bottom line information to make a choice, the following considerations may be helpful.
After heated debate as to whether the federal government had the authority to accept the gift, Congress accepted the legacy bequeathed to the nation and pledged the faith of the United States to the charitable trust July 1, 1836. Eight years later, Congress passed an act establishing the Smithsonian Institution, a hybrid public/private partnership, and the act was signed into law on August 10, 1846 by James Polk. The bill was drafted by Indiana Democratic Congressman Robert Dale Owen, a Socialist and son of Robert Owen, the father of the cooperative movement.
The Continuous Risk Management Guidebook was developed to help a project or organization establish continuous risk management as a routine practice and then continue to improve this process. It is organized so that different users can read different parts of the book and get different benefits. For example, technical managers and lead engineers can read the book to learn how to build a risk management process that is tailored to their specific project or organization; software engineers can use it to understand how to perform the risk management methods and use the tools described in the guidebook; and change agents (such as members of software engineering process groups) can read it to understand why continuous risk management should be used and how to get projects to tailor it and start using it. In addition, all users of this guidebook will gain a greater understanding of continuous risk management.
IQONS (iqons.com) is a new on-line fashion community that aims to have the same impact on Fashion as MySpace had on music. Today, at a press conference held in London, IQONS was officially launched. The site has had a ‘soft launch’ over the last two months with events in Paris and New York and has already attracted thousands of members.
Beginning with failures caused by misapplication of risk controls for bad debts, collateralization of debt insurance and fraud, large financial institutions in the United States and Europe faced a credit crisis and a slowdown in economic activity. The impacts rapidly developed and spread into a global shock resulting in a number of European bank failures and declines in various stock indexes, and large reductions in the market value of equities and commodities.
At 1000permanentlinks.com, we are computer science specialists who can help increase the popularity of your website. We own many domains and have developed a unique, economical method to generate many links to a specific website from the websites of our domains – real websites containing meaningful content. If you use our service, we will create 1000 links to your valuable website in 2 weeks and send the list of the URL addresses of the websites containing these links. 1000 links on the Internet will indicate that your website has important information. All search engines, including Google, have to improve the rank of your website because of these links. No matter how Google changes its algorithm, your website will receive more traffic in the long run.
The minimal incision technique is a specialized surgical technique practiced by some physicians to remove masses or growths with minimal scarring and less recovery time. Most surgeons usually cut along 3/4 to the full length of the mass to access it or remove it. With the minimal incision technique the incision is usually about 1/10 the size of the underlying mass and the surgeon carefully dissects the mass out through this very small incision. A smaller incision forms a much smaller scar and results in less recovery time for the patient. This technique is useful for cysts or lipomas. Patients with such lesions on cosmetically or functionally important areas such as the face can gain great benefit from such techniques.
History has shown that the price of shares and other assets is an important part of the dynamics of economic activity, and can influence or be an indicator of social mood. An economy where the stock market is on the rise is considered to be an up and coming economy. In fact, the stock market is often considered the primary indicator of a country's economic strength and development. Rising share prices, for instance, tend to be associated with increased business investment and vice versa. Share prices also affect the wealth of households and their consumption. Therefore, central banks tend to keep an eye on the control and behavior of the stock market and, in general, on the smooth operation of financial system functions. Financial stability is the raison d'être of central banks.
Google describes PageRank, "PageRank relies on the uniquely democratic nature of the web by using its vast link structure as an indicator of an individual page's value. In essence, Google interprets a link from page A to page B as a vote, by page A, for page B. But, Google looks at more than the sheer volume of votes, or links a page receives; it also analyzes the page that casts the vote. Votes cast by pages that are themselves "important" weigh more heavily and help to make other pages "important"."
Science is a continuing effort to discover and increase human knowledge and understanding through disciplined research. Using controlled methods, scientists collect observable evidence of natural or social phenomena, record measurable data relating to the observations, and analyze this information to construct theoretical explanations of how things work. The methods of scientific research include the generation of hypotheses about how phenomena work, and experimentation that tests these hypotheses under controlled conditions. Scientists are also expected to publish their information so other scientists can do similar experiments to double-check their conclusions. The results of this process enable better understanding of past events, and better ability to predict future events of the same kind as those that have been tested.
Following in the wake of the failed League of Nations (1919-1946), which the United States never joined, the United Nations was established in 1945 to maintain international peace and promote cooperation in solving international economic, social and humanitarian problems. The earliest concrete plan for a new world organization was begun under the aegis of the U.S. State Department in 1939. Franklin D. Roosevelt first coined the term 'United Nations' as a term to describe the Allied countries. The term was first officially used on January 1, 1942 when 26 governments signed the Atlantic Charter, pledging to continue the war effort. On 25 April 1945, the UN Conference on International Organization began in San Francisco, attended by 50 governments and a number of non-governmental organizations involved in drafting the Charter of the United Nations. The UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945 upon ratification of the Charter by the five permanent members of the Security Council -- France, the Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States -- and by a majority of the other 46 signatories. The first meetings of the General Assembly, with 51 nations represented, and the Security Council, took place in Westminster Central Hall in London in January 1946.
The story is set in the mid-21st century. Global warming has led to ecological disasters all over the world, and a drastic reduction of the human population. Mankind's efforts to maintain civilization lead to the creation of "mechas," advanced humanoid robots capable of emulating human thoughts and emotions. Among these androids there is an advanced prototype model named David, a mecha created by the Cybertronics company to resemble a human child and to "feel" love for its human owners. They test their creation on one of their employees, Henry Swinton and his wife Monica. The Swintons have a son, Martin, who has been placed in suspended animation until a cure can be found for his rare disease. Although Monica is initially frightened of David, she eventually warms to him after activating his imprinting protocol, which irreversibly causes David to feel love for her as a child loves a parent. As he continues to live with the Swintons, David is befriended by Teddy, a mecha toy, who takes upon himself the responsibility of David's well being.
The organization's logos in its two official languages, English and French, include the word ISO, and it is usually referred to by this short-form name. ISO is not an acronym or initialism for the organization's full name in either official language. Rather, the organization adopted ISO based on the Greek word isos, meaning equal. Recognizing that the organization’s initials would be different in different languages, the organization's founders chose ISO as the universal short form of its name. This, in itself, reflects the aim of the organization: to equalize and standardize across cultures.
IDEs typically present a single program in which all development is done. This program typically provides many features for authoring, modifying, compiling, deploying and debugging software. The aim is to abstract the configuration necessary to piece together command line utilities in a cohesive unit, which theoretically reduces the time to learn a language, and increases developer productivity. It is also thought that the tight integration of development tasks can further increase productivity. For example, code can be compiled while being written, providing instant feedback on syntax errors. While most modern IDEs are graphical, IDEs in use before the advent of windowing systems (such as Microsoft Windows or X11) were text-based, using function keys or hotkeys to perform various tasks (Turbo Pascal is a common example). This contrasts with software development using unrelated tools, such as vi, GCC or make.
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