http://www.dsti.net/News/53327.htm
波音透露波音787飛行測試計畫內容
[據英國《飛行國際》2009年4月30日報導] 波音首次透露了波音787的詳細試驗計畫,該試驗計畫從7月1日開始啟動,將用不到9個月的時間完成飛行試驗和取證工作。波音表示這次9個月的計畫中保留了15~20%的富裕時間,用來處理飛行試驗中出現的各種不可預料的問題,這也是必須的。
不管用何種標準來衡量,這次為期9個月的計畫都是具有挑戰性的,不過與波音最初的飛行試驗計畫相比時間還是延長了2個月。2008年4月在重新修訂時間表的時候,對飛行試驗中可能出現的各種問題留出了額外的時間。
波音飛行試驗主管Frank Rasor表示,最終的結果是希望飛行試驗朝我們所預期的方向發展。Rasor表示,儘管初始的結構和系統試驗結果良好,為期6800小時的飛行和地面試驗,將暴露飛機設計中所沒有考慮到的一些問題。
飛行試驗工程師已經開始關注波音787高度綜合的航電和飛行控制系統與類比試驗中的差異。在地面試驗中,工程師經常在相關的軟體系統中類比各種飛行中可能遇到的情況。
Rasor表示,由於波音787互動式網路工作環境,所以需要將所有的系統和元件設置為地面模式或者空中模式,如果飛機在地面的情況下想要將其設置為飛行模式是比較困難的。
波音787的首飛日期目前仍然定在第二季度,從2007年8月開始由於一系列生產問題、設計的改變和工人的罷工使得首飛時間一再推遲。最重要的設計改變是波音從2008年3月起對中央翼盒進行加固。
然而最近波音發現波音787機翼的桁條仍然存在問題。波音副總裁兼首席工程師Mike Delaney表示,我們發現這些桁條的柔韌性和載荷傳遞達不到預期的效果,我們目前正在就此進行糾正或者改變設計。
Delaney表示只有在結構測試載荷超過極限載荷或者飛行中的載荷超過最大載荷的50%才可能出現這種情況。這些富餘不是我們所期望的,所以我們對這些桁條進行了修改。
波音建立起了每天24小時、每週7天的飛行試驗程式,來緩解波音787飛行試驗專案的時間。在每一天中,每一架飛行試驗飛機可以進行8小時的飛行試驗或者地面試驗,其餘16小時用來進行維護。Rasor表示所有的飛行試驗基本都在白天進行,只有少數飛行試驗在晚上進行。
6架飛行試驗飛機中的每一架都有特定的任務。首架飛行試驗飛機為ZA001,用來檢查顫振和驗證基本的飛行包線,ZA002預計將於首飛之後3周內加入飛行試驗機隊,用來與ZA001關聯進行穩定性和控制試驗。
首批四架飛行試驗機將採用羅羅公司的發動機,波音稱改進版本將在飛行試驗開始6個月後安裝到ZA004飛機上,ZA004將對飛行載荷進行測量,波音將對飛機每部分的飛行載荷與先前的估計值進行核對。
ZA003飛機主要進行內部系統的測試,該架飛機將飛行到啟動用戶ANA和日本航空公司,並進行雙發延程飛行(ETOPS)認證。(中國航空工業發展研究中心 溫坤)
http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/04/30/325887/boeing-reveals-details-of-ambitious-787-flight-test.html
DATE:30/04/09
SOURCE:Flight International
Boeing reveals details of ambitious 787 flight test plan
By Stephen Trimble
Boeing has revealed the first details of a fast-paced, around-the-clock 787 operation. The programme is set to launch by 1 July and will test and certificate the 787-8 in less than nine months.
The airframer, which has provided the first detailed update on the Dreamliner's progress for nine months, says its schedule includes a 15-20% reserve to deal with the kind of unplanned contingencies for which flight-test programmes are famous, and, indeed, necessary.
The nine-month plan is aggressive by any standard, but is stretched by two months compared with Boeing's original flight-test schedule. Boeing decided to build in extra margin for error when the programme was rebaselined in April 2008.
"The end result is we have to expect that something isn't going to go the way we expect it to go," says Frank Rasor, Boeing's director of flight-test operations. "I kind of look at it as that's job security for me."
© Boeing
Although preliminary structural and systems tests "have gone reasonably well", says Rasor, the combined 6,800h of scheduled flight and ground tests is likely to reveal quirks about the aircraft its designers never imagined.
Flight-test engineers have already become concerned about the difficulty of running simulated tests with the 787's highly integrated avionics and flight controls. During tests on the ground, engineers often simulate an airborne event by inserting a "bit" into the relevant software system.
But with the 787's interactive network, "you need all of the boxes and components that may be talking to either believe it's in the air mode or in the ground mode" says Rasor. "It isn't as easy to trick it and make it think it's flying when it's really on the ground."
The first-flight date remains set for the second quarter. A series of production system breakdowns, design changes and a labour strike since August 2007 has kept the event on hold.
The most significant design change Boeing has revealed since March 2008 involved strengthening the centre wing box.
More recently, however, Boeing has identified a problem with the design of parts inside the wing called "stringer run-outs", which serve to transfer loads where the stringers terminate.
"What we found was that they weren't as soft as we wanted them and they weren't taking the load out as gracefully as we wanted on them," says Mike Delaney, Boeing vice-president and chief project engineer. "We're in the process of correcting that or making a design change."
Delaney says the run-out problem appeared only in structural tests beyond the so-called ultimate load, or 50% more than the maximum load expected to be encountered during flight.
"The margins aren't where we wanted them so we corrected that stringer run-out," he says. Dealing with such issues complicates the workflow for suppliers, he adds, but falls short of a "catastrophic" event that would have a major impact on the flight-test programme.
Boeing has set up a 24h, seven-day-a-week flight-test operation to accommodate the 787 flight-test programme's schedule. On a typical day, a flight-test aircraft will be available for about 8h of either flight tests or ground tests, with the balance of 16h set aside for maintenance. Nearly all of the flight tests will be conducted in daylight hours, except for a few test events that specifically call for night flying, says Rasor.
Each of the six aircraft in the flight-test programme has been assigned a specific role.
As the first aircraft in flight, the 787 identified as ZA001 will be used to check flutter and validate the basic flying envelope. ZA002 is expected to join the flight-test fleet within three weeks of the first flight, so will be used in conjunction with ZA001 for stability and control tests.
The first four flight-test aircraft will be powered by the Rolls-Royce Trent 1000. An improved version that Boeing calls "package B" will be installed on ZA004 about six months after the flight-test phase begins. ZA004 will also be instrumented for the flight loads survey, in which Boeing verifies that loads on each section of the aircraft match pre-flight estimates.
Boeing has assigned most of the interior systems tests to ZA003. This aircraft will also be used to fly to launch operators ANA and Japan Airlines for route-proving and extended twin-engine operations (ETOPS) qualification.
For ETOPS performance, Boeing is seeking to offer 333min clearance at entry into service, with 207min as a back-up.