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法國新一代Rafale飆風戰機
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http://news.gpwb.gov.tw/newpage_blue/news.php?css=2&nid=82861&rtype=2
2009/04/06   法國新一代Rafale飆風戰機
 
  由為前瞻新世紀的空防需求,肆應未來戰爭形態,各主要國家於二十世紀末期均投入新一代戰機的研發與產製,確保空中戰力優勢。在歐洲,除了享譽國際的EF-2000颱風戰機堪稱歐系國家新一代戰機經典外,法國達梭公司生產的Rafale飆風戰機亦是集高科技於一身的代表作,並深受法國空軍與海軍倚重。本週「軍武大觀」特別聚焦介紹Rafale戰機,探索法國空中武力新銳的特色。(編按) 二十世紀末期,全球興起研發新式戰機的風潮,希望將新世紀空戰的概念納入設計,並採用先進武器與航電裝備,藉火力的增強、航速的提昇、精準的目標掌控,打造新一代的空中武力。無論是美製的 F-22猛禽式與F-35閃電二式,或是英國、德國、義大利、西班牙等四國共同合作研發生產的EF-2000颱風式戰機,新戰機的推陳出新讓國際社會驚豔,並窺見各主要國家的建軍思維。
 面對各主要國家欲征服二十一世紀的企圖,以及投入新一代戰機研發的用心,身為世界軍事強權之一的法國當然不會缺席。尤其,法國自認其國防工業能力不輸英、德等國,當年毅然退出EF-2000戰機的研發計畫,並自力研發屬於法國人驕傲的新型戰機。基於國防自主理念,以生產幻象戰機聞名的法國達梭公司受命展開新戰機的設計與研發,並規劃發展空軍與海軍兩型機種。其中,新型戰機的艦載型是為汰換法國航空母艦上老舊的F-8十字軍式與超級軍旗式兩型戰機。當然,一旦Rafale量產到一定的數量,法國空軍現役的美洲豹式(Jaguar)戰機也將面臨汰換,法國空軍的空防重任將由Rafale與幻象二千系列戰機分擔。
 由於新一代戰機研發的成敗攸關法國新世紀的建軍發展,達梭公司極為慎重,自一九八三年起就專注於新型戰機的設計,並於一九八五年底推出首架原型機,取名為Rafale,英文為Squall,中文稱作飆風戰機。基本上,達梭公司希望Rafale成為一款多功能用途戰機,除保有絕對的空戰優勢,並可在航艦甲板起降,亦期盼Rafale飛行靈活度不輸給美製的F-16戰機,對地攻擊能力與電戰能力也足與美製超級大黃蜂戰機及鷹式戰機抗衡,並具備匿蹤功能。
性能優異 空中攻擊能力強大
回顧Rafale的研發與服役歷程,當達梭公司於一九八五年年底公開原型機後,一九八六年六月四日就實施首架原型機Rafale A的試飛。在眾人矚目下,Rafale A不負眾望試飛成功;一九九○年二月二十七日,法方將Rafale A的發動機從原本的兩具通用電機公司機F404型發動機,換成法國自製的M88型發動機,同樣試飛成功。值得一提的是,當初法國之所以不願再繼續參與EF-2000戰機的研發計畫,據了解與EF-2000不願採用M88型發動機有關。
 由於Rafale A的試飛過程順利,相關表現也符合預期,達梭公司為使整體研發生產進程向前大步推進,加速製造出Rafale B、Rafale C兩型的一號機,以及Rafale M的一、二號機,四架量產型的原型機先後於一九九一年至一九九三間試飛。其中,Rafale B一號機是雙座原型機,一九九三年四月三十日首度試飛,同年七月七日首次配備RBE2型空用雷達試飛。而Rafale C是單座原型機,一九九一年五月十九日首次試飛;一九九三年三月五日首度試射機砲;同月二十六日,第一次試射魔術二型飛彈。
 至於Rafale M一號機是第一架艦載單座原型機,一九九一年十二月十二日首次試飛成功,一九九三年四月十九日首度降落在法國海軍福熙號航空母艦上,並於隔日從航艦成功起飛,開啟飆風戰機艦載型的嶄新里程。一九九五年六月八日,Rafale M一號機首次發射MICA飛彈擊中靶標,展現飆風戰機的空中攻擊能力。此外,Rafale M二號機於一九九三年十一月八日首次試飛;一九九四年一月底,繼一號機後亦降落福熙號航艦進行相關作業測試;一九九六年四月四日,首次發射魔法二型飛彈擊中移動目標。
 事實上,法國政府於一九九三年三月二十六日才正式採購首架Rafale B與Rafale M,而一九九八年十二月四日,第一架接受訂單生產的Rafale B飆風B型戰機首度試飛成功。依據法國軍方規劃,空軍原本預計採購二百五十架,海軍採購約九十架,但因法國國防經費緊縮,無法負擔全部數量,經過檢討將空軍與海軍的採購架數分別調整為約二百一十架及六十架。
設計極具特色 各界評價高
 達梭公司設計飆風戰機時,沿襲以往幻象戰機三角翼的設計理念,外形頗與幻象戰機相似。不過,飆風戰機在主翼前方另增加一對全動式前翼,使飆風戰機更具靈活與優異的飛行性能;飆風的前段機身下方兩側有進氣口,減速板則位於垂直尾翅前的後段機身上方。而為替飆風戰機減重,使其保持體態輕盈,真正發揮Rafale「飆風」的特質,飆風戰機的三角翼、垂直尾翅及百分之五十的機體,均採碳纖維複合材料製造,直尾翅方向舵則採鋁合金蜂巢式結構,確實增加飆風的速度。
 Rafale全長十五點三公尺、翼展十點七公尺、全高五點三四公尺、翼面積四十六平方公尺,具有兩馬赫的平飛速度,最大起飛重量有二萬四千五百公斤。身為法國寄予厚望的新一代優質機種,飆風戰機無論機載武裝、飛行操控、動力、通訊及雷達偵測系統等方面,都有極高的評價。
 Rafale的動力系統採用兩具SNECMA公司M88-2型渦輪扇噴射發動機,推力性極佳。為延長滯空時間,Rafale具備空中加油功能,除機身內部有容量五千七百公升的油箱,機身下方另有五個掛載點可加掛副油箱,使得飆風戰機可以外加九千五百公升的油料。在武裝方面,Rafale的右進氣道下方有一門GIAT公司DEFA791B型三十公厘機砲;另有十四個武器外掛點,包括機腹中線前後兩個(飆風M型則只有後側一個)、進氣道下方各一個、機翼與機身接合處各一個、翼下各三個,以及翼端各一個,標準酬載量六千公斤,可攜掛魔術二型、響尾蛇、ASRAAM、MICA、AMRAAM短/中程空對空飛彈,AM39型飛魚、企鵝(Penguin)三型、魚叉反艦飛彈,AS30L型、小牛空對地飛彈,ALARM、高速反輻射飛彈、GBU-10/12型等雷射導引炸彈、集束炸彈、跑道破壞炸彈、Mk82型等傳統炸彈,以及火箭莢艙等。
 在飛行操控方面,飆風式與世界各國新一代的戰機一樣,都採用線傳飛控系統(FBW),以具備敏捷的空戰性能。而Rafale座艙採單片式座艙風擋設計,座艙罩向右側開啟,座艙罩玻璃並鍍有黃金薄膜,人員座椅採用SEMMB公司的Mk16F型零零彈射椅,搭配手置節流閥暨操縱桿(HOTAS)設計,操縱桿配置在右側。座艙內並配置Technofan公司空調系統。
 至於Rafale的偵測裝置,主要是機鼻內裝有一具湯松-CSF公司的RBE2型俯視/俯射空用雷達,最多可同時追蹤八個目標,並自動對目標進行威脅分析及優先等級處理等。另外一套則是由湯松-CSF/SAGEM-SAT公司研發的光電偵測系統,包括紅外線搜索追蹤(IRST)、前視紅外線(FLIR)偵測裝置及雷射測距儀,共分成兩個模組,裝在座艙風擋的前方,其中目標/光學識別及分析由右側模組負責,左邊模組則用於搜索、追蹤及鎖定目標。
 根據報導,法國軍方曾經讓Rafale與英國、義大利、德國等國的EF-2000戰機公開較勁,雖然外界無法詳知勝負如何,但法方的相關說法耐人尋味,並可從中窺見一二。例如法方強調,對抗結果顯示,飆風戰機的性能有凌駕對手的實力;曾經飛過颱風戰機的英國皇家空軍飛官親自體驗Rafale飛行後,不否認Rafale確實有其特色,堪稱是一款高性能戰機。
 目前法國空軍與海軍已陸續接收向達梭公司採購的Rafale,依據法國軍方規劃,二○一五年以前,法國空軍可擁有近一百五十架Rafale,全面汰除舊型戰機。
 Rafale飆風戰機因屬高科技產物,造價並不低廉,加上在國際市場上必須面對美系軍火廠商的競爭,使得法國雖然成功研發出Rafale,並已正式服役。儘管達梭公司於一九九九年曾提出Rafale外銷的構想,但始終無法找到買方,飆風戰機的外銷陷入困境。
 不過,達梭公司仍預計於二○一二年交付一百二十架Rafale戰機,包括Rafale C空軍單座型四十四架、Rafale B空軍雙座型三十八架、Rafale M海軍單座型三十八架。
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法國總統薩科奇堅信巴西將購買“陣風”戰鬥機
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http://www.dsti.net/Information/News/58298
法國總統薩科奇堅信巴西將購買“陣風”戰鬥機
2010-04-20

[據美國《防務新聞》2010年4月14日報導]  法國總統尼古拉斯•薩科奇4月13日表示他堅信巴西將會在這場激烈的競標大戰中為其空軍選擇法國“陣風”戰鬥機。
  薩科奇與巴西總統盧拉在華盛頓核安全峰期間舉行了會談,當會後被問及合同事項時,薩科奇說:“我很有信心。所有的事情都在穩步推進中。”
  巴西政府已經表達了對於購買36架法國“半隱身”“陣風”戰鬥機的興趣,但還沒有簽訂正式合同。盧拉原計劃在4月揭曉最終選擇,現在預計將在5月中宣佈。巴西將技術轉讓作為招標的主要選擇條件,這樣可以自行生產戰鬥機並刺激其航空工業的發展。盧拉早前曾表示購買“陣風”在技術獲取方面對於巴西更有好處。
  薩科奇稱:“總統和政府的選擇肯定是一項政治決定,而不僅是一項政治標準。‘陣風’是一款出色的戰鬥機。盧拉總統和我關係很好,我知道他的想法。這件事情已經確定了。”
  達索公司的“陣風”看似在巴西空軍戰鬥機競爭中領先薩博公司的“鷹獅”NG和波音公司的F/A-18“超級大黃蜂”。巴西空軍戰鬥機採購項目估計價值40~70億美元,包括武器、維護和輔助工業條款。巴西後續還可能追加購買100架。(中國航空工業發展研究中心  褚世永)


http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4582047&c=AIR&s=ALL
Sarkozy Confident Brazil Will Buy Rafales
AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE
Published: 14 Apr 2010 07:32
WASHINGTON - French President Nicolas Sarkozy expressed confidence April 13 that Brazil would choose French-made Rafale fighter jets for its air force in a hotly contested bidding process.

"I am confident. Things are progressing," Sarkozy said when asked about the contract after meeting Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva on the sidelines of a nuclear security summit in Washington.

Brasilia has stated its preference to purchase 36 French-made, semi-stealth Rafale jets, but a firm deal has not been announced.

Lula is expected to announce his choice in mid-May, having pushed back a decision from April.

"If it's a decision taken by the president and the government, it's inevitably a political decision," Sarkozy said.

But, he said, "it's not just a political criterion. The Rafale is an excellent plane. ... President Lula and I really have a great bond. I know what he's thinking. There are no surprises on this issue."

The Rafale, made by Dassault, is seen as the front-runner in a tender also contested by Sweden's Gripen NG by Saab and by the F/A-18 Super Hornet by Boeing.

The deal is estimated to be worth between $4 billion and $7 billion, depending on details of armaments, maintenance and peripheral industrial involvement. Brazil could also end up buying up to another 100 fighter jets from the supplier over the long term.

Brazil has made technology transfer the main priority in the tender, so it can produce fighter aircraft itself and boost its aviation industry. Lula previously said the Rafale deal would be more advantageous in that respect for Brazil.

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科威特眾議員反對採購“陣風”戰鬥機
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http://www.dsti.net/Information/News/58138
科威特眾議員反對採購“陣風”戰鬥機
2010-04-14

 [據美國《防務新聞》網站2010年4月11日報導]  科威特國會中的一個伊斯蘭教政黨反對國會簽署向法國購買“陣風”戰鬥機的合同,並於4月11日警告說如果簽署該合同,他們將對主要官員進行嚴厲質詢。
  改革發展党的發言人Faisal al-Muslim在一次記者招待會上說:“簽署這份採購合同就意味著我們將對任何批准這項貿易的人進行嚴厲質詢。”但他沒有說他們準備進行責問的高級官員裏是否包括總理和國防部長。這次採購高達數十億美元,預計採購14到28架“陣風”。
  該党的另一個眾議員Jamaan Al-Harbash已經于數月前就開展了反對這項採購的活動,他出示了據說是來自國防部的文件,文件中建議放棄這項採購。
  Harbash說:“報告認為該機技術上並不先進,且單機和備件的價格均很高。如果該採購通過的話,將是對公共資金的巨大浪費。”
  Al-Muslim和Harbash均堅持說他們反對這項採購計畫並不是對法國有任何的敵意。
  民眾活動党的發言人,眾議員Mussallam al-Barrak隨後表示對任何政黨就“陣風”採購上提出的質疑均完全支持。
  來訪科威特的法國參謀長Edouard Guillaud將軍為“陣風”戰機進行了辯護,稱其為實際上最好的戰鬥機之一,並表示目前正在就該採購進行完全透明的談判。
  Guillaud在回答KUNA通訊社的提問時說:“法國已經建議科威特用‘陣風’更換其現有的老式‘幻影’戰機,科威特政府正在對法國方面的報價進行研究。”並稱,科威特已經派專家去法國進行全面評估,此外,巴黎還計畫向阿聯酋出售該機。
  國防部長Sheikh Jaber Mubarak al-Sabah于上個月說,“陣風”戰機的採購是科威特政府目前優先考慮的問題之一。
  去年11月,酋長國議會一致通過讓獨立審計署對與美國和法國簽訂的3項計畫中的武器採購合同進行調查,據立法者說,這些合同價值數十億美元。但Muslim於4月11日說,賬目監督者對國會說,由於國防部不能提供相應的檔,因此調查無法展開。(中國航空工業發展研究中心  李昊)


http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4577895&c=AIR&s=ALL
Kuwaiti MPs Voice Disapproval of Rafale Purchase
By OMAR HASAN, AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE
Published: 11 Apr 2010 12:42

KUWAIT CITY - An Islamist bloc in Kuwait's parliament opposed to a planned purchase of French-made Rafale warplanes on April 11 warned it will grill senior officials if the deal is signed.

"Signing the purchase agreement means we will grill whoever is responsible for authorizing the deal," spokesman for the Reform and Development Bloc Faisal al-Muslim told a press conference.

He would not say, however, whether the prime minister or defense minister are among the officials the bloc plans to call to account if the multi-billion-dollar deal to purchase between 14 and 28 Rafale jets goes ahead.

Another of the bloc's MPs, Jamaan al-Harbash, who has campaigned against the deal for several months, produced what he said were documents from the defense ministry recommending that the purchase be dropped.

"The reports concluded that the plane is not technically advanced, its price is very expensive and so are its spare parts. If it goes ahead, the deal will be a massive squandering of public funds," Harbash said.

Both al-Muslim and Harbash insisted that their opposition to the deal had nothing to do with any animosity against France.

MP Mussallam al-Barrak, spokesman for the opposition four-MP Popular Action Bloc, later declared total support for any political questioning over the Rafale deal.

The visiting chief of staff of the French armed forces, Adm. Edouard Guillaud, defended the Rafale as one of the best warplanes in the world, saying negotiations over the deal are proceeding in complete transparency.

"France has proposed that Kuwait replace the old Mirage jets with the advanced Rafale and the Kuwaiti government asked to study the offer," Guillaud was quoted as saying by the official KUNA news agency.

Guillaud said Kuwait has sent experts to France for a close assessment of the jets, adding that Paris will also make a proposal to sell the plane to the United Arab Emirates.

The Popular Action Bloc has been campaigning against several proposed arms deals, including the Rafale purchase.

Last month, Defense Minister Sheikh Jaber Mubarak al-Sabah said the Rafale deal remained a priority for Kuwait.

In November, the emirate's parliament voted unanimously to ask the independent Audit Bureau to probe three planned arms deals with the United States and France that one lawmaker said were worth billions of dollars.

The deals include the planned purchase of an unspecified number of U.S.-made Hercules transport aircraft and an ammunition factory, as well as the Rafale fighters.

But Muslim said April 11 that the accounts watchdog told parliament that it was unable to carry out the probe because the defense ministry failed to provide it with the necessary documents.

In October, Kuwait and France signed a new defense agreement and discussed details of the Rafale deal.

During a Gulf tour in February 2008, French President Nicolas Sarkozy said discussions had begun with Kuwait on the sale of between 14 and 28 Rafales, which are made by France's Dassault Aviation.

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巴西空軍36架戰鬥機採購合同的3個競標機型全部通過評審
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http://www.dsti.net/Information/News/57476
巴西空軍36架戰鬥機採購合同的3個競標機型全部通過評審
2010-03-22

    [據美國《防務新聞》網站2010年3月18日報導]  據報導,三種競標巴西空軍數十億美元採購合同的機型全部通過了技術評估。這三種參與巴西空軍36架新機競標的機型分別是法國達索公司的“陣風”、瑞典薩伯公司的“鷹獅”NG和美國波音公司的F/A-18“超級大黃蜂”。

    O Estado de Sao Paulo新聞報報導,巴西空軍在一份提交給國防部的報告中聲稱這三種機型都滿足了技術要求。報告還稱,最後拍板的不是空軍,而是巴西國家領導人。

     目前空軍和國防部在接受AFP採訪時,拒絕就此發表任何評論。但此前巴西空軍Juniti Saito上將透露,最終答案可能會在3月底揭曉,但未透露具體日期。分析家認為,在巴法兩國總統于2009年九月聯合聲稱兩國正在洽談有關36架戰機的採購合同後,法國的“陣風”目前處於相對上風。(中國航空工業發展研究中心  廖孟豪)


http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4545139&c=AIR&s=ALL
3 Fighter Finalists All Pass Muster: Brazil AF
By AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE
Published: 18 Mar 2010 14:17
BRASILIA - All three fighter jets vying to be picked for a multi-billion-dollar contract to supply the Brazilian air force have passed a technical evaluation, news reports said March 18.

The foreign companies competing to supply Brazil's air force with 36 new fighter jets are France's Dassault with its Rafale fighter; Sweden's Saab with the Gripen NG aircraft; and U.S.-based Boeing with the F/A-18 Super Hornet.

The O Estado de Sao Paulo newspaper reported that the air force said in a report delivered to the defense ministry that all of the contenders met its specifications.

It added that the decision on who would win the lucrative bid to replace Brazil's fleet of aging fighter jets would be made by the country's political leaders, not the military.

Air force and defense ministry officials contacted by AFP declined to comment on the news report.

Brazilian Air Force Gen. Juniti Saito said last month that Brazil likely would make its pick known in late March, but did not set a date.

Saito stressed it would be a "political and strategic decision" made by President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva.

Analysts believe France's Rafale is the leading contender after Lula and French President Nicolas Sarkozy said last September that negotiations were underway for Brazil to buy 36 of them.

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巴西新戰機項目擬3月底確定 法國陣風優勢大
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http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/mil/2010-03/23/content_13227065.htm
巴西新戰機項目擬3月底確定 法國陣風優勢大 
2010年03月23日 08:29:24  來源:新華網綜合 


    據中國國防科技信息網報道 據報道,三種競標巴西空軍數十億美元採購合同的機型全部通過了技術評估。這三種參與巴西空軍36架新機競標的機型分別是法國達索公司的“陣風”、瑞典薩伯公司的“鷹獅”NG和美國波音公司的F/A-18“超級大黃蜂”。

    O Estado de Sao Paulo新聞報報道,巴西空軍在一份提交給國防部的報告中聲稱這三種機型都滿足了技術要求。報告還稱,最後拍板的不是空軍,而是巴西國家領導人。

    目前空軍和國防部在接受AFP採訪時,拒絕就此發表任何評論。但此前巴西空軍Juniti Saito上將透露,最終答案可能會在3月底揭曉,但未透露具體日期。分析家認為,在巴法兩國總統于2009年九月聯合聲稱兩國正在洽談有關36架戰機的採購合同後,法國的“陣風”目前處于相對上風。(中國航空工業發展研究中心 廖孟豪)

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巴西空軍官員稱該國戰鬥機採購型號將在3月底前揭曉
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http://www.dsti.net/Information/News/56814
巴西空軍官員稱該國戰鬥機採購型號將在3月底前揭曉
2010-02-25

  [據美國《防務新聞》2010年2月23日報導]2月23日,巴西空軍領導Juniti Saito將軍稱巴西將很可能在三月底前向獲勝的供應商授予一項數十億美元的合同,為該國空軍購買現代化噴氣戰鬥機。Saito強調稱這將是總統盧拉做出的一項政治和戰略決定。

  在盧拉和法國總統薩科奇於去年9月宣佈向巴西出售36架戰鬥機的談判正在進行中之後,法國的“陣風”看似在競爭中處於領先位置。盧拉表示他偏向選擇“陣風”是由於法國同意向巴西轉讓“陣風”生產方面的全部技術。這一點對於巴西這個希望有朝一日能夠自行生產先進戰鬥機的國家來說十分關鍵。

  而巴西媒體爆料稱該國空軍偏愛更便宜的瑞典薩伯公司“鷹獅”NG戰鬥機。

  美國波音公司的F/A-18“超級大黃蜂”作為第三選項獲勝的機會十分渺茫,因為美國不允許巴西在其未來出口的戰鬥機上使用美國技術。

  本月初,巴西政府否認已經做出購買“陣風”的決定,並表示達索公司為獲得合同在其投標總價中砍掉20億美元的報導沒有根據。

  刊登在《Folha de S. Paulo》日報上的一篇來源不明的報導稱法國願意將出售“陣風”的價格由82億美元降至62億美元,外加一項未來三十年價值40億美元的維護協定。

  “鷹獅”的價格是45億美元,外加15億美元維護協定;F/A-18的價格則為57億美元,外加19億美元維護協定。

  在數次投標失敗後,法國熱切的盼望巴西能成為其“陣風”戰鬥機的第一個出口客戶。(中國航空工業發展研究中心  禇世永)


http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4511954&c=AIR&s=TOP
Brazil AF Chief: Fighter Pick By End Of March
AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE
Published: 23 Feb 2010 19:45

BRASILIA, Brazil - Brazil will likely designate the winner of a multibillion-dollar tender to supply its Air Force with modern jet fighters by the end of March, the head of the service, Gen. Juniti Saito, said Feb. 23.

Saito stressed that it would be a "political and strategic decision" made by President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, following the Air Force's technical evaluation of the three bids.

France's Rafale is seen as the leading contender after Lula and French President Nicolas Sarkozy said last September that negotiations were underway for Brazil to buy 36 Rafales.

Lula said his preference for the French jet derived from France's offer to give Brazil all the technology involved in the Rafale's construction - a key point for Brazil, which wants the ability to one day build its own modern fighters.

The Air Force, through leaks in the Brazilian media, has indicated it prefers the much cheaper Gripen NG jet from Sweden's Saab.

The third option, the F/A-18 Super Hornet from U.S. group Boeing, is seen as with only an outside chance because of U.S. refusal in the past to allow Brazil to export aircraft using U.S. technology.

Early this month, the Brazilian government denied it had made a final decision to buy the Rafales, and said a newspaper report that Dassault had lopped $2 billion off their total price to secure the contract was baseless.

The daily, Folha de S. Paulo, published an unsourced report saying France was willing to sell the Rafales for a discounted $6.2 billion - down from $8.2 billion - plus another $4 billion in maintenance over the next three decades.

The Gripen was priced at $4.5 billion plus $1.5 billion in maintenance, while the F/A-18s were valued at $5.7 billion plus $1.9 billion in maintenance.

France is keen to make Brazil the first export customer of its Rafale, after losing out in several other tenders around the world.

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巴西擬購戰機 “陣風”降價促銷
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http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2010-02/06/content_12939631.htm
巴西擬購戰機 “陣風”降價促銷
2010年02月06日 08:23:54  來源:新華網


巴西政府官員4日否認已決定從法國達索飛機公司購買36架“陣風”戰鬥機。為獲得這一訂單,達索公司已降價20億美元。

巴西《聖保羅報》4日報道,達索公司為這批“陣風”戰鬥機開價102億美元。其中,飛機本身價值62億美元,購買後30年內的維護費用為40億美元。公司先前把飛機本身定價為82億美元。

盡管“陣風”降價20億美元,但這筆交易整體價格仍高於競爭對手美國波音公司制造的F/A-18“大黃蜂”戰鬥機和瑞典薩博公司制造的“鷹獅”戰鬥機。波音開價76億美元,薩博開價60億美元。

巴西空軍先前對這3種戰鬥機作出技術評估,“陣風”排名末位。達索公司據信1月30日決定降價銷售“陣風”,當時巴西國防部長內爾松·若賓正途徑法國巴黎前往以色列訪問。

按照《聖保羅報》的說法,盡管巴西空軍力薦“鷹獅”,但若賓和總統路易斯·伊納西奧·盧拉·達席爾瓦仍中意“陣風”。

巴西國家通訊社4日報道,總統盧拉仍未決定購買哪種戰鬥機,正等待國防部提出建議。

國防部長若賓說:“這筆交易尚未確定……(《聖保羅報》的)那篇報道沒有根據。”

達索公司一名發言人在巴黎說:“我們對《聖保羅報》的報道不予置評,巴西政府現在尚未宣布決定,我們正平靜而有信心地等待。”

法新社報道,達索公司迄今未在海外市場售出“陣風”戰鬥機,公司希望贏得這份訂單,進而獲得更多海外客戶。

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France Cuts Rafale Price To Win Brazil Deal: Paper
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http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4485090&c=AME&s=AIR
France Cuts Rafale Price To Win Brazil Deal: Paper
By MARC BURLEIGH, AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE
Published: 4 Feb 2010 08:21

SAO PAULO - Brazil is going through with the purchase of 36 Rafale fighter jets from France after maker Dassault lopped $2 billion off their price, the newspaper Folha de S. Paulo reported Feb. 4.

The total deal is worth $10.2 billion, including $6.2 billion for the fighters themselves - down from a previous figure of $8.2 billion - and $4 billion for maintenance over the next three decades, the daily said.

The price cut still makes the Rafale more expensive than two rivals bidding to supply Brazil's air force, the F/A-18 Super Hornet from Boeing and the Gripen NG from Sweden's Saab.

The Boeing package was valued at $7.6 billion and the Saab offer at $6 billion, according to the newspaper.

The French jet also scored behind the two other contenders in a technical evaluation carried out by the air force, which lobbied hard for the Gripen both with the government and in Brazil's media.

But, Folha de S. Paulo said, Defense Minister Nelson Jobim and President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva have decided to stick with their preferred option, the Rafale.

The price cut was reportedly decided Jan. 30, when Jobim passed through Paris on his way to Israel.

Jobim's office said the minister also had a meeting with Sweden's ambassador to Brazil, Annika Markovic, in Brasilia on Feb. 1.

There was no immediate confirmation of the newspaper report.

A Dassault spokesman in Paris said: "We have no comment to make on the article in the Folha de S. Paulo. At this time, the Brazilian government has not announced its choice. We are awaiting this announcement calmly and confidently."

A Brazilian presidential spokesman told AFP that "there is nothing new."

If confirmed, though, the sale would be a big relief to both Dassault and to French President Nicolas Sarkozy.

Dassault was keen to win the Brazilian tender because it has so far failed to make a single overseas sale of the Rafale. It hopes supplying Brazil's air force will boost its chances with other countries looking to upgrade their militaries, including India.

Sarkozy, meanwhile, has a lot of personal prestige tied up in the deal.

In September 2009, he and Lula jointly announced that Brazil had started negotiations to buy the 36 Rafales even though the tender process had not been closed.

Under pressure from the air force and the two rival manufacturers, Brazil's government stepped away from that pledge and said the competition remained open - but that the final decision would be a political and strategic one to be made by Lula.

Lula's preference for the Rafale was evident.

Not only would Brazil get access to all the technology involved in the sophisticated jet, but Brazil and France already have a strategic alliance which has seen Brasilia spend $12 billion buying French helicopters and submarines.

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巴西決定購買法國戰鬥機
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http://n.yam.com/cna/international/201002/20100204904524.html
巴西決定購買法國戰鬥機
  
中央社╱中央社 2010-02-04 21:46

(中央社記者唐雅陵聖保羅4日專電)「聖保羅頁報」(Folha)今天報導,巴西總統魯拉(Luiz InacioLulada Silva)和國防部長喬賓(Nelson Jobim)決定接受法國計畫更新巴西空軍軍機。

法國達紹飛機製造公司(Dassault)將對36架狂風號戰鬥機(Rafale)的售價,總額減少40億元巴西幣(約20億美元)。

報導指出,法國戰鬥機的最終價格從82億美元降到62億美元。這是喬賓上週末訪問以色列後,經過法國時談成的價格。

儘管降低價格,法國戰鬥機還是比瑞典紳寶公司(Saab)製造的戰鬥機售價45億美元,或美國波音公司(Boeing)的57億美元為高。

巴西空軍針對3種戰鬥機進行的最後1次技術分析報告,狂風號名列最後,紳寶製造的獅鷲戰機(GripenNG)最受好評。但對魯拉而言,購買36架法國戰鬥機是為鞏固巴西和法國合作關係的「政治策略」。

選擇新戰鬥機取代巴西空軍現有老舊戰機的計畫,始於2002年前總統卡多索(Fernando HenriqueCardoso)任內最後1年,卡多索將決定權交給接班人魯拉。

魯拉原本取消當時的計畫,但2008年5月又重新審查這項計畫,並於同年11月決定在狂風號、獅鷲號和美國波音公司製造的黃蜂式戰鬥機(F-18 Super Hornet)之間3選1。

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達索公司不能肯定阿聯酋很快會做出購買“陣風”戰鬥機的決定
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http://www.dsti.net/News/57901.htm
達索公司不能肯定阿聯酋很快會做出購買“陣風”戰鬥機的決定


[據英國《飛行國際》2009年11月17日報導]  達索公司與阿聯酋(UAE)正在就可能的60架“陣風”戰鬥機採購合同進行洽談,但是達索公司並未表示合同是否將在近期簽署。

達索公司國際業務部執行副總裁Eric Trappier說:“這一切需要時間,我們仍在洽談。時間進度不是由我們來確定的,而是由客戶決定的。細節和時間仍在討論之中。事實上,這裏是UAE,他們有自己的步調,我們將客隨主便。”

然而,Trappier表示這筆“陣風”戰鬥機合同與UAE要求法國接手的63架現役“幻影”2000戰鬥機之間沒有聯繫。

本周前期的時候,一名UAE官員稱法國“為使UAE能夠購買‘陣風’戰鬥機需要為‘幻影’2000戰鬥機尋找適當的解決方案”,因為鄰國葉門或東歐國家也是該機的潛在購買國。

Trappier說:“‘陣風’戰鬥機訂單不依賴於‘幻影’戰鬥機的退還,我們沒有關於這方面的細節內容,但是這是兩個獨立的問題。”(中國航空工業發展研究中心 蘇海軍)


http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/11/17/335014/dubai-09-dassault-says-uae-decision-on-rafale-fighters-not.html
Dubai 09: Dassault says UAE decision on Rafale fighters not close
By Siva Govindasamy

DATE:17/11/09
SOURCE:Flight Daily News
 
Discussions are ongoing between Dassault Aviation and the United Arab Emirates on the possible sale of 60 Rafale fighters, with the company unable to say if a contract will be signed in the near term.

"It takes time, we are still discussing. This is not us making the schedule, it is the customer making the schedule. The specifications, timing, are all still being discussed," says Eric Trappier, executive vice-president international business at Dassault Aviation. "Usually, here in the UAE, they have their own pace. We will follow that."

Trappier, however, says that there is no link between a deal for the Rafale fighters and the UAE's request for the French government to take off its hands 63 Dassault Mirage 2000 fighters that they will replace.

Earlier this week, a senior UAE official said that the French government "needs to find a solution for the Mirage 2000 in order for the UAE to be able to purchase the Rafale", with neighbouring Oman or eastern European nations possible buyers of the fighter.

"The Rafale deal does not depend on the return of the Mirage fighters," says Trappier. "We do not have any details on what is happening with that, but those are two separate issues."

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泰萊斯公司對“陣風”戰鬥機出口保持信心
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http://www.dsti.net/News/57853.htm
泰萊斯公司對“陣風”戰鬥機出口保持信心


      [據英國《飛行國際》2009年11月日15報導] 本次迪拜航展上,法國宇航聯合企業泰萊斯公司對達索“陣風”戰鬥機在中東地區獲得出口突破表示樂觀。該公司是這種戰機的主要供應商之一。

      泰萊斯航宇高級副總裁Pierre-Eric Pommellet表示:“這次航展上有眾多出口項目,但‘陣風’無疑佔據著名單的前列。中東的防務航空市場具有巨大的前景。” Pommellet已經在泰萊斯工作了12年,最近接管了該公司的服務分公司。

      泰萊斯公司正在期待法國政府能在近期內確認第四批次“陣風”的生產。該批次“陣風”中將裝備一種有源相控陣雷達,這種設備對於“陣風”的出口前景至關重要。

      “陣風”出口名錄上的候選國家包括巴西、瑞士和阿聯酋。另外,科威特也是一個潛在用戶。Pommellet 說:“與阿聯酋的談判正在進行中。我肯定這將成為本次航展上一項特別重要的主題。這是我們在該地區所涉及的最大專案。科威特和法國之間已經進行的一些對話,內容包括‘陣風’。科威特可能會成為我們的一個良好客戶,但還要看科方的決定。”

      泰萊斯公司的防務和民用收入分別占其航宇收入的60%和40%。

      就軍用貿易而言,泰萊斯今年的成績很好,主要歸功於法國和英國空軍都在使用他們的飛機,兩國政府也並沒有縮減防務開支。另外,泰萊斯公司正在瞄準海上巡邏機任務系統市場,並已於今年早些時候開始為阿聯酋發展一種基於龐巴迪Dash 8平臺的任務系統。該專案已經達到關鍵設計評審里程碑。而在這期間,沙烏地阿拉伯也正在考慮裝備EADS的Casa C-295用於執行海上巡邏任務。

      另一個逐漸吸引注意的領域就是無人機。為英國陸軍研製的基於Hermes 450的“守望者”無人機系統已經完成首飛,並將在2010年形成完全戰鬥力。而一個過渡型Hermes 450已經隨同英國軍隊在伊拉克和阿富汗執行任務了。

      雖然空客的A400M軍用運輸機嚴重滯後,但Pommellet表示泰萊斯公司已經為這款飛機的首飛做好了準備。

      在民用方面,泰萊斯在空客項目中的形勢不錯。雖然商務航空部分的情形不樂觀,但由於高生產率,2009年對於首次涉足該領域的泰萊斯公司並不是糟糕的一年。空客方面的消息稱其計畫在近期內保證A320系列單通道飛機生產率達到每月34架。

      當然,泰萊斯公司也受到787推遲的嚴重影響。不過值得慶倖的是,同樣推遲了的蘇霍伊“超級噴氣”客機的首次交付應該能在明年完成,另外泰萊斯航電設備ATR 42-600最近完成了首飛,而裝備了一種泰萊斯產自動駕駛系統的灣流G650超長航程公務機也將在近期進行飛行。

      對於空客首席銷售師John Leahy近期表示全新的窄體飛機不太可能在2024年前出現的說法,Pommellet 表示:“15年對於航空是一個很短的時間尺度,很多事情會發生。未來專案的主要問題將是風險管理。我們迫切的希望那些先進技術研究現在就能完成。”

      Pommellet認為飛行中的娛樂部分是一種非常活躍的商業活動。在漢莎航空公司近期決定選擇泰萊斯競爭對手—羅克韋爾-柯林斯的eXConnect系統後,泰萊斯開始同幾家航空公司就提供一種綜合寬頻互聯網服務進行討論。

      泰萊斯公司正在大力發展同當地夥伴的合資企業,為民用和軍用項目提供本地支援,目前已經同阿布扎比的Mubadala合資在當地建立起一個修理IFE系統的企業。該公司今年通過減少工作人員已經削減了大約20%的航展資金。(中國航空工業發展研究中心 褚世永)

http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2009/11/15/334581/dubai-09-thales-confident-of-rafale-export-breakthrough.html
Dubai 09: Thales confident of Rafale export breakthrough
By Andrew Doyle

DATE:15/11/09
SOURCE:Flight Daily News
 
French aerospace conglomerate Thales is at the show optimistic of an export breakthrough in the Middle East region for the Dassault Rafale fighter, for which the company is a major supplier.

"There are a lot of export projects, and the Rafale is top of the list," says Thales aerospace senior vice-president Pierre-Eric Pommellet, who took up the reins at the division in June, shortly after the Paris air show.

"There are a huge number of prospects in defence aerospace," he adds.

Thales is expecting a fourth tranche of Rafale production to be signed off by the French government in "the coming weeks". This will introduce an active electronically scanned array radar, considered crucial to the Rafale's prospects in the export market.

"It is paving the way in terms of technology for the export process," says Pommellet.

Topping the list of Rafale export candidates are Brazil, Switzerland and the United Arab Emirates.

"Negotiations with the UAE on Rafale are ongoing," he says. "I'm sure that this will be a very important topic at Dubai. This is the biggest project that we are involved in in this region."

Kuwait is also emerging as a strong prospect. "There have been some state-to-state talks, including on the Rafale. Kuwait could be a good customer for us, but it's their decision on whether to progress," he says.

Pommellet has worked at Thales for 12 years, most recently heading the manufacturer's services division.

Thales derives around 60% of its aerospace revenues from the defence sector, and 40% from civil. "This is coming from a position where we were more military," says Pommellet. "Civil and military are very complementary."

In terms of its military business, Thales is in a "good position" as there has been "no reduction" in French or UK government defence spending, he says.

Thales is also targeting the maritime patrol aircraft mission systems market and earlier this year launched a programme with the UAE to develop a mission system based on the Bombardier Dash 8 platform. This has reached the critical design review milestone.

"We are expecting further opportunities in Saudi Arabia and other Middle East countries," says Pommellet. Saudi Arabia is meanwhile looking at equipping EADS Casa C-295s for the MPA role.

Another area of increasing interest is unmanned air vehicles. The Hermes 450-based Watchkeeper UAV system under development for the British Army is due to have its first flight by the end of the year and become fully operational in 2010. An interim-capability Hermes 450 is already operational with the UK armed forces in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Despite extensive delays to the Airbus Military A400M, "we are ready for the first flight", says Pommellet.

On the civil side, Thales is in "quite a good situation" on Airbus programmes and 2009 has been "not a bad year for first-fit" of Thales equipment thanks to high production rates, although the situation is "much worse" in the business aviation sector, says Pommellet.

Airbus is indicating that it plans to hold A320-family single-aisle production at 34 aircraft a month for the time being, although "they've said there is a risk that they will have to adapt in the months to come".

Thales is also "of course seriously impacted by the 787 delay", he says. Encouragingly, first deliveries of the also-delayed Sukhoi Superjet are due to take place next year, while the Thales avionics-equipped ATR 42-600 recently made its first flight and the Gulfstream G650 ultra-long-range business jet - sporting a Thales fly-by-wire system - is due to fly imminently.

"Civil is kind of a foggy environment, but there are a lot of new projects and programmes. It looks like the macro-economics will recover," says Pommellet.

Commenting on Airbus chief salesman John Leahy's recent assertion that an all-new narrowbody is unlikely to arrive before 2024, he says: "Many events can happen. Let's be very careful. Fifteen years, if it is 15 years, is a very short timescale in aviation. The main issue for the next programme will be to manage risk. We strongly urge that these advanced studies should really be done now.

"I'm not so worried by the date. Whatever the date, everything starts now."

The in-flight entertainment sector is a "very active business" at the moment, says Pommellet. Thales is in discussions with several airlines on the introduction of an integrated broadband internet offering, following Lufthansa's recent decision to opt for rival Rockwell Collin's eXConnect system. "People want internet access," says Pommellet.

Support and services activities have been badly hit as airlines run down their spares stocks in an attempt to preserve cash. "They are not ordering what they were ordering. However, a lot of airlines decide at the very last moment of the year to buy spares. We are ready for that," says Pommellet.

Thales has set up a local joint venture with Abu Dhabi's Mubadala to repair IFE systems, which the French company "has plans to develop".

"We are developing joint ventures with local partners to provide local support for both civil and military programmes," he says.

Thales' military servicing business has had a "good year", because the French and UK air forces are "using their aircraft".

Thales has meanwhile cut back spending on air shows by around 20% this year, mainly by taking fewer staff.

"We are relying much more on the people who are already based in the country, and bringing them the management support," he says. "We have a very high efficiency."

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