http://udn.com/NEWS/WORLD/WOR3/4829069.shtml
防制更多北韓?美想造極機密間諜衛星
【聯合晚報╱美聯社華盛頓三日電】 2009.04.04 02:54 pm
消息人士透露,美國國家情報總管布萊爾和國防部長蓋茲要求歐巴馬政府批准新的極機密間諜衛星計畫,該計畫預算超過100億美元(台幣3338億元)。
該計畫要求建造兩枚精密的衛星,性能等於或優於目前已在軌道運行的高解析大型機密衛星。另外,美國當局也將投入足夠經費在商用衛星影像計畫,以支應建造和發射兩枚新商業衛星的費用。
布萊爾和蓋茲都支持這個被稱為「二加二」的計畫,兩人並否決國防部建議以其他衛星替代的方案。
一些國防部官員希望未來發展及發射的新衛星,能擁有比商業衛星更佳的解析度觀察目標。軍方認為,他們支持的衛星比「二加二」計畫中較大型的衛星成本更低,製造速度和容易度較高。
據了解,由於美國現有兩枚間諜衛星的壽限將屆,因此「二加二」計畫目的在防止美國照相衛星全球涵蓋範圍出現空窗期,而新衛星也必須在未來10年內完成發射,以免造成戰力間隙。
美國防部每年投入太空計畫的經費約200億美元。一位匿名官員指出,新的間諜衛星可望在2021年開始服役;但國家情報總管辦公室及中情局 (CIA)則表示,不願評論機密計畫。
「二加二」計畫已引發國會議員不滿。參院軍事委員會資深共和黨委員龐德一向主張由情報當局建造實驗系統,以便能以較低的成本,來提供相同等級的衛星影像。不過,建造衛星的業者及部分官員強調,商業和軍方所建議的較小型系統,都可提供類似品質的高解析影像,但「二加二」計畫的較大型衛星,能傳送更遠的距離。
【2009/04/04 聯合晚報】
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090403/ap_on_go_ca_st_pe/spy_satellites_2
Intel chief wants new spy satellite program
By PAMELA HESS, Associated Press Writer – Fri Apr 3, 3:50 pm ET
WASHINGTON – The national intelligence director and defense secretary are asking the Obama administration to approve a new top-secret spy satellite program that could cost more than $10 billion, according to government, military and industry officials.
The program calls for building two sophisticated satellites equal to or better than the huge, high-resolution secret satellites now in orbit. At the same time, the government would also commit to spend enough money on commercial satellite imagery sufficient to pay for the construction and launch of two new commercial satellites.
The proposal is going to the White House for discussion and a decision was expected as soon as next week, the officials said.
In opting to go with what they describe as the "2+2" program," National Intelligence Director Dennis Blair and Defense Secretary Robert Gates rejected an alternate satellite proposal from military officials at the Pentagon.
The uniformed military favored developing and launching two new satellites that would be able to observe targets with better resolution than their commercial counterparts. The military maintains its preferred satellites would be faster, cheaper and less technologically difficult to build than the larger satellites envisioned in the proposed "2+2" plan, officials said.
The officials all spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss plans for the highly classified program.
The "2+2" program is meant to avert a potential gap in U.S. imagery satellite coverage around the world. The sophisticated spy satellites now in orbit are nearing the end of their service life, and replacements must be launched in the next decade to prevent blind spots.
The Defense Department spends about $20 billion annually on space programs.
The new spy satellites would enter service around 2021, said one government official. Spokesmen for the national intelligence director's office and the CIA would not comment on the classified plan.
The "2+2" proposal has already drawn fire from Missouri Sen. Kit Bond, the top Republican on the Senate Intelligence Committee. Bond has been pushing the intelligence agency to build an experimental system that would provide nearly the same quality imagery at a lower cost.
Industry and government officials said both systems could deliver similarly detailed photos, but the larger "2+2" system could deliver them from more distant orbits than the smaller satellites proposed by the military.
The satellites in use now by the government tend to be high-altitude, expensive units that provide the finely detailed imagery required by intelligence and military officials. The new system backed by Bond and military officials would rely on a new class of more numerous, less expensive, lower-orbiting satellites, but their track record is not yet proven.
A joint CIA-National Reconnaissance Office report endorsed the use of smaller, close-orbiting satellites, according to a letter Bond wrote to Blair on March 16.
"You are asking the taxpayers to pay more for a single article than we paid for the last Nimitz-class aircraft carrier," Bond wrote. He called the plan "a poor choice."
The House and Senate intelligence committees have criticized the Pentagon and intelligence agencies' management of their space programs, noting that half the programs have exceeded their budgets by 50 percent or more.
If approved by the White House_ and then Congress_ the "2+2" program would almost certainly mean a multibillion-dollar contract for defense giant Lockheed Martin, headquartered in Bethesda, Md.
The only other company with the facilities to build and test a massive satellite is Boeing, headquartered in Chicago. Boeing was the prime contractor on the Future Imagery Architecture, a secret satellite system which the Pentagon canceled in September 2005.
Boeing spent nearly $10 billion developing the secret satellite but ran into technical problems. After Boeing exceeded its budget by $3 billion to $5 billion, the Pentagon pulled the plug on the project, according to industry experts and government reports.
The military currently buys about $25 million a month in commercial satellite photos from two companies, DigitalGlobe of Longmont, Colo., and GeoEye of Dulles, Va.
Those satellites, which can detail the outlines of 16-inch objects from space, are built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. of Boulder, Co.; General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems of Fairfax, Va., Lockheed Martin, ITT Corp. Space Systems Division of Rochester, NY, and Lockheed Martin.