http://news.yam.com/afp/life/200807/20080728831783.html
研究:特殊魚鱗防彈衣 美未來國防新利器
法新社╱盧瑞珠 2008-07-28 12:50
(法新社巴黎二十七日電)根據一份發表在「自然原料」期刊上的報導,一種生長在西非泥池已有九千六百萬年的特殊魚類身上的鱗片,未來可被製做成國防用的輕巧防彈衣。
由美國國防部支援的科學家長期以來研究這種稱為葫蘆魚,也被稱為塞內加爾多鰭魚或恐龍鰻魚的鱗片。
這種約有四十公分長的細長魚屬於古代魚類,有好幾層鱗片,不但可以化解外部攻擊力量,同時可以不受任何對皮下軟組織的入侵,還能立即將攻擊傷害化解到最小。
美國麻省理工學院的專家,利用奈米技術毫髮無傷的從活魚身上取下鱗片加以研究。
他們發現這種只有五億分之一公尺厚的鱗片共有四層,並把這些小小的保護體用在模擬的撕咬攻擊上。他們相信這些鱗片由於不同的組成物質、化合物和厚度,可以發揮很大的保護效果。
http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20080727/sc_afp/sciencemilitaryfishesoffbeat_080727172344;_ylt=AgkYdKHnDs6hNl4eKGcfLx3POrgF
"Dinosaur eel" points to body armour of the future
Sun Jul 27, 1:23 PM ET
PARIS (AFP) - An extraordinary fish that inhabits muddy pools in West Africa and whose lineage can be traced back 96 million years could be the model for light, bomb-proof body armour for the soldiers of the future.
So say Pentagon-backed scientists who have pored over the scales of Polypterus senegalus, also called the Senegal bichir or the dinosaur eel.
Long and skinny and of ancient heritage, the 40-centimetre (16-inch) predator has multiple layers of scales that first dissipate the energy of a strike, then protect against any penetration to the soft tissues below and finally limit any damage to the shield to the immediate area surrounding the assault.
Experts at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) used nano-scale measurements to look at several scales that were harmlessly removed from a living fish.
They found the scales -- about 500 millionths of a metre thick -- have four layers. The tiny shield was then put to the test, in a simulation of a biting attack.
The team believe the scales' protection is remarkably effective because of the different composite materials, the geometry and thickness of each of these layers.
The overlapping junctions between the layers themselves also play an important role.
The design is "fascinating, complex and multiscale," say the scientists.
"Such fundamental knowledge holds great potential for the development of improved biologically-inspired structural materials," said Christine Ortiz, an MIT associate professor in materials science and engineering.
"Many of the design principles we describe -- durable interfaces and energy-dissipating mechanisms, for instance -- may be translatable to human armour systems."
The study appears on Sunday in a specialist journal, Nature Materials.