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2008國際軍聞-其他類
2008/02/28 22:56 瀏覽18,617|回應193推薦1

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》@飛虎@《忙碌中-暫離

http://news.yam.com/rusnews/international/200802/20080228535967.html
阿布哈茲和南奧塞梯在同格魯吉亞武裝衝突中勝算不大
俄新網╱俄新網 2008-02-28 19:55     

 
 
俄新網RUSNEWS.CN莫斯科2月28日電 《新時代》(The New Times)雜志對南奧塞梯、阿布哈茲和格魯吉亞在發生軍事衝突的情況下的軍力進行了評估。現在各方都在尋求一種和平道路解決衝突,在審視如今的格魯吉亞軍隊後可以得出這樣的結論:這不僅是因為各方奉行和平主義,還因為南奧塞梯和阿布哈茲在軍事衝突中的勝算不大。 格魯吉亞總統米哈伊爾·薩卡什維利2007年11月說,格魯吉亞國防預算達到國內生產總值的9%至10%,這一比例未來幾年不會大幅削減。格魯吉亞已經不存在應征入伍現象。今天,常規武裝部隊人數為3.3萬人,且所有人都是合同兵。按照新的短期集訓計劃,已經培訓了7萬名預備役志願兵,未來計劃一共培訓20萬名預備役志願兵。薩卡什維利說,目前軍官月均工資為700至800美元,在軍隊中謀職在格魯吉亞是一個體面的職業。 格魯吉亞武裝力量有3.3萬人,擁有100輛坦克、200輛步兵戰車和裝甲輸送車、100多門火炮、18個BM-21型(冰雹)多管火箭炮。格魯吉亞空軍有7架蘇-25攻擊機和20多架直升機。海軍有兩艘導彈艇,也有巡邏艇和登陸艇。 阿布哈茲軍隊實行征兵和動員制度。和平時期軍隊有4500人,戰爭期間能動員1萬人。一些資料顯示,阿布哈茲有50輛坦克,80輛步兵戰車和裝甲輸送車,80門火炮。另一些資料顯示,阿布哈茲軍事力量比上述數字強兩倍,但不清楚,哪些武器能夠實際使用。阿布哈茲人有幾架直升機和攻擊機,還有一些被武裝起來的民用快艇和駁船。 南奧塞梯常設軍隊有3000人,有100輛各類裝甲機械。在戰爭情況下可征集幾千名民兵,沒有空軍。 《新時代》雜志指出,實際上,把阿布哈茲和奧塞梯武裝力量同格魯吉亞武裝力量進行直接的數字比較沒有意義。分離主義者們使用的是老式蘇式武器,而薩卡什維利則對本國武裝力量進行了徹底改革,部分裝備了西方武器。購買了借助GPS衛星定位系統進行高准確度射擊的現代榴彈炮,和能校正火力的以色列無人駕駛飛行器。無論阿布哈茲、南奧塞梯還是俄羅斯軍隊都沒有這種武器。在發生軍事衝突的情況下,格魯吉亞人首先把奧塞梯人消滅幹淨,然後收拾阿布哈茲人。俄羅斯維和人員的數量明顯太少:奧塞梯有500人,阿布哈茲有1800人。為加強兵力,2007年秋天往南奧塞梯調遣了俄軍總參特種部隊駐車臣東方營,往阿布哈茲調遣了西方營。但車臣人也無法原則上改變現有的力量對比。


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新冷戰?俄揚言切斷與北約所有關係
2008/08/26 10:46 推薦0


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http://news.chinatimes.com/2007Cti/2007Cti-News/2007Cti-News-Content/0,4521,110504+112008082600321,00.html
新冷戰?俄揚言切斷與北約所有關係
2008-08-26 中國時報 【陳文和、楊明暐/綜合廿五日外電報導】
 
     俄羅斯今天全面與西方擺出硬碰硬的姿態,除了重新考慮加入世界貿易組織(WTO)的承諾,還揚言切斷與北約(NATO)的所有關係,國會兩院更無異議通過決議案,建請克里姆林宮與世界各國當局,承認鄰邦喬治亞的「南奧塞提亞自治州」與「阿布哈茲自治共和國」已獨立。

     國會促承認南奧與阿布哈茲

     俄國國會的這一決議案並不具法律約束力,俄國未來是否正式與南奧和阿布哈茲建立外交關係,將取決於梅德維捷夫總統。目前人在黑海濱索契港市的梅德維捷夫對此未予置評,但他在與俄國駐北約組織特使羅戈辛會談時甚至表示,「如果北約組織決定暫停與俄國的合作,俄國當局將會採行各種決斷措施,甚至不惜全面中止雙邊各項關係」。

     北約組織上周決定中止與俄國的合作會談,其藉此施壓促使俄國撤離其入侵喬境的軍隊。而俄方隨後致函北約,宣告將凍結雙方的軍事合作計畫。

     普丁揚言凍結入WTO承諾

     另據「傳真社」報導,俄國總理普丁宣稱俄羅斯加入世界貿易組織(WTO)沒有任何好處,因此先前參與入會談判所做出的某些承諾應予以凍結。

     該社引述普丁的話稱:「我們提議在WTO工作組架構內繼續進行談判,但也通知我們的夥伴有必要退出違反俄羅斯聯邦利益的某些協議。…就算加入WTO有好處,我們也並未感受或見到任何這類好處的存在。」

     俄羅斯是全球第十大經濟體,也是迄今尚未加入WTO的國家中最大的一個。自一九九五年以來,俄國的入會談判便一直在進行。在此之前,一般認為俄國能在今年內完成入會談判。但美國商業部長古提雷茲等西方國家官員日前曾表示,俄國在喬治亞的軍事行動已危害它加入WTO的努力。

     敘利亞轉向俄羅斯重新結盟

     繼俄、喬戰爭,以及美國和波蘭簽署飛彈防禦協議之後,美、俄關係已有走向「新冷戰」之勢,影響並擴及中東地區。一方陣營是美國,加上親美的波蘭、烏克蘭、喬治亞及以色列,另一方則是俄羅斯,結合白俄羅斯、伊朗乃至敘利亞。

     敘利亞原本已逐漸向西方靠攏,西方國家也指望讓敘利亞逐漸疏遠與其主要盟邦伊朗的關係;但這番盤算在敘利亞總統巴夏公開表態支持俄國之後已告破滅。巴夏廿二日造訪莫斯科,與梅德維捷夫商談一項據傳包含反戰機與反坦克飛彈系統的武器交易,形成與俄國重新結盟的態勢。

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俄準備與北約斷絕關係 並稱責任不在俄方
2008/08/25 23:17 推薦0


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http://news.yam.com/afp/international/200808/20080825358672.html
俄準備與北約斷絕關係 並稱責任不在俄方 
法新社╱陳昶佑 2008-08-25 22:35     
 
 
(法新社莫斯科二十五日電)俄羅斯通訊社報導,俄國總統麥維德夫今天說,俄國準備與北大西洋公約組織全面斷絕關係,但他呼籲西方盟邦應避免發生這類關係破裂。

俄羅斯通訊社引述麥維德夫說,如果北約國家決定暫停與俄國合作,「我們將會採取的決定包括徹底斷絕關係」。

麥維德夫說,俄國與北約的關係,因為喬治亞境內衝突而趨於「複雜」;喬治亞當局本月為了收復分離區域而展開攻勢,俄國則出兵作為因應。

國際傳真社引述麥維德夫今天在黑海度假勝地素溪的談話說:「我們的關係急劇惡化,但不應該歸咎於我方。」

麥維德夫會見俄國駐北約大使羅戈辛時說:「我們想要擁有成熟的關係以及夥伴關係,但我們不需要夥伴關係幻想。」

北約上週暫停舉行北約-俄羅斯合作理事會的會議,以施壓要求莫斯科當局自喬治亞境內撤軍,並要求俄軍撤回至南歐希夏境內爆發衝突前駐紮的陣地。

俄國於二十二日部分撤軍,但俄軍仍留駐喬治亞西部,莫斯科當局宣稱那是「維和部隊」。

北約秘書長斯海佛警告,只要俄軍仍留駐喬治亞境內,「就不可能一切如常」。


http://uk.news.yahoo.com/rtrs/20080825/tts-uk-georgia-ossetia-nato-ca02f96.html
Russia's Medvedev warns could halt ties with NATO

Reuters - Monday, August 25 12:35 pmSOCHI, Russia (Reuters) - Russian President Dmitry Medvedev said on Monday he was considering a number of options in ties with NATO including halting relations with the military alliance.

"We are ready to take any decision, up to halting relations altogether," Medvedev said at a meeting in the Black Sea resort of Sochi with Russia's envoy to NATO, Dmitry Rogozin.

Medvedev said that such a decision would be difficult but that ties with NATO had "worsened sharply" as a result of the conflict with Georgia over South Ossetia.

(Reporting by Denis Dyomkin, writing by Guy Faulconbridge, editing by Christian Lowe)

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俄致函北約 凍結軍事合作
2008/08/23 10:16 推薦0


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http://news.chinatimes.com/2007Cti/2007Cti-News/2007Cti-News-Content/0,4521,110504+112008082300267,00.html
俄致函北約 凍結軍事合作
2008-08-23 中國時報 【尹德瀚/綜合報導】

     俄羅斯廿一日晚致函「北大西洋公約組織」(北約),宣稱將凍結俄羅斯與北約的軍事合作計畫,此舉顯示俄羅斯與喬治亞之間的戰事導致俄羅斯與北約的關係轉趨惡化。

     俄羅斯與北約進行軍事合作已有六年之久,雙方合作範圍相當廣泛,包括聯合舉行海軍演習、聯合進行搜救任務和學術交流等;不料莫斯科當局昨晚突然發函給設於比利時首都布魯塞爾的北約秘書處,宣告將凍結雙方的軍事合作。

     外界認為,俄羅斯此舉可能和北約秘書長夏侯雅伯日前發言有關。夏侯雅伯十九日說,只要俄軍還在喬治亞境內,北約與俄羅斯的關係不可能照常。

     俄羅斯和法國都已在聯合國安理會提出停火決議案,形成各不相讓的僵局。根據俄羅斯的停火方案,俄軍將在廿二日撤離喬治亞,但會留下五百人駐守在南奧塞提亞周邊緩衝區。而美國已經揚言將否決此案。

     法國的停火方案則強調維護喬治亞的領土完整,但遭俄羅斯反對。

     俄羅斯這回為了喬治亞境內南奧塞提亞自治州的獨立問題不惜出兵喬治亞,原因之一就是喬治亞積極想加入北約,因此莫斯科此時宣告凍結北約的軍事合作,西方外交官並不意外。但有外交官指出,莫斯科原先承諾讓北約經由俄羅斯轉運物資到阿富汗,而如今不曉得此一承諾還算不算數。

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俄敘軍事結盟/新一輪冷戰 中東試水溫
2008/08/22 11:13 推薦0


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http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2008/new/aug/22/today-int4.htm
自由時報2008年8月22日

俄敘軍事結盟/新一輪冷戰 中東試水溫
〔編譯陳成良/綜合報導〕就在俄羅斯入侵喬治亞、美國與波蘭簽署飛彈防禦協定,導致美俄關係緊繃之際,敘利亞總統阿塞德二十日抵達莫斯科訪問,準備與俄國敲定一系列軍事協定,包括同意俄國在敘利亞境內部署飛彈,令外界擔憂「新冷戰」在中東地區已是山雨欲來。俄羅斯警告,美國和波蘭簽署的飛彈防禦協定,將助長歐陸以及其他地區的新軍備競賽。

阿塞德表示,他將討論俄國在敘利亞部署飛彈事宜,敘利亞也有意採購俄製武器,任何能強化俄國安全的計畫,敘利亞都準備與俄方合作。英國泰晤士報二十一日報導,預料俄羅斯將向阿塞德提議,恢復冷戰時期俄國在敘利亞塔爾圖斯港建立的海軍基地,這將是俄國海軍二十年來在地中海建立的第一個立足點。

俄敘兩國在冷戰時期是親密盟國,但在蘇聯瓦解後,克里姆林宮在中東地區的影響力逐漸式微。如今俄敘兩國強化軍事合作關係,引發外界揣測,認為莫斯科可能有意與前蘇聯集團國家聯手重建一個全球反西方聯盟。

以色列方面,許多人擔心中東地區可能再度淪為美俄兩大強權施展其軍事政治影響力的戰場,特別是美國與以色列提供喬治亞軍事奧援,俄國似乎準備藉由支持敘利亞來還以顏色。

以色列觀察家原已擔心,高加索地區的混亂情勢可能使裏海輸往歐洲及土耳其的石油和天然氣中斷,從而形成能源供應更仰賴伊朗的局面,而喬治亞危機也可能讓德黑蘭得以利用國際社會的嫌隙,並在俄國撐腰下推動其核武計畫。

近年來,俄國為提升它在中東的影響力並增加武器出口,也不斷拉攏敘利亞,以色列分析家甚至擔心,與俄國結盟可能鼓勵敘利亞以武力奪回一九六七年遭以色列佔領的戈蘭高地。

美國與波蘭二十日正式簽署協定,準備在波蘭境內部署飛彈防禦系統。儘管雙方強調此舉並非針對俄羅斯,但莫斯科顯然極為不滿。俄國外交部二十日發表聲明,指控美國試圖藉此改變美俄戰略平衡,俄羅斯將被迫做出非僅止於外交抗議的回應,「這類行動將導致雙方彼此猜忌,並在歐洲大陸以及其他地區掀起軍備競賽。」

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對俄政策上 北約與美國還是有別
2008/08/22 11:04 推薦0


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http://news.chinatimes.com/2007Cti/2007Cti-News/2007Cti-News-Content/0,4521,110504+112008082200339,00.html
對俄政策上 北約與美國還是有別
2008-08-22 中國時報 【本報訊】

    在美國國務卿萊斯的催促下,「北大西洋公約」組織國家對俄羅斯的態度似乎硬了一些,但也只是言詞上硬,並無實際行動。其實美國自己也缺乏行動,歐洲國家為什麼自找麻煩?他們與美國之間的利益畢竟還是有些區隔的。

    譬如按美國的意思,北約組織可以接納喬治亞,但是歐洲國家卻有顧忌,德國電視媒體便引用專家的評論說,此時如果接納了喬治亞,就可能刺激其他國家去跟俄或找麻煩,然後扮演受害者的角色,期待通過後門進入北約。這評論可以代表歐盟國家的多數立場,他們確實有自己的考慮。

    主要原因還不盡在喬治亞是否應加入北約,而是如何對應俄羅斯的問題,北約在後冷戰時代雖然沒有反共色彩,而且也與俄國之間有了委員會的連繫,但這個組織的防禦目標卻仍是俄羅斯,俄國的民族主義愈高張,北約便愈顯得重要,但是現在的「防衛」已非當年的「對抗」,一方面在防衛,一方面卻要與俄國和平共存,經濟上有一定的連繫,尤其是能源的供應方面,所以北約在與俄國發生糾紛時,廿六個成員國之間的立場並不一致,這就是何以他們所通過的對喬治亞與俄國衝突之聲明遠較萊斯嚴厲。

    新加入北約的那些東歐國家固然主張對俄強硬,這是基於他們自己與前蘇聯的恩仇與目前的安全問題,但老成員就未必,分量特重的德法便不主張與俄衝突,尤其不願為喬治亞這個非成員的利益而被捲入與俄對抗。

    事實上美國雖然希望北約國家「同仇敵愾」,幫助美國對俄施壓,但美國另一方面卻也對喬治亞施壓,不願其成為麻煩製造者而使歐洲國家不悅。據《華爾街日報》說,美國派往喬治亞的國務院特使布萊沙便告知喬治亞勿與俄國對抗說:「不要不計後果與俄國直接對抗,你不可能贏,這是不可能的,俄國坦克立刻會衝過來,即使你能阻止地面機械化部隊,最後空中打擊還是會來的。」

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喬治亞危機引齟齬 俄國停止與北約軍事合作
2008/08/22 09:29 推薦0


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喬治亞危機引齟齬 俄國停止與北約軍事合作 
法新社╱林治平 2008-08-22 06:35     
 
 
(法新社布魯塞爾二十一日電)北大西洋公約組織發言人羅梅洛表示,俄羅斯今天知會北約組織,中止雙方的軍事合作。莫斯科與西方的關係最近急轉直下,這是最新出現的轉折。

羅梅洛在比利時首都布魯塞爾的北約總部表示:「我們已接獲俄羅斯透過軍方管道通知,他們決定停止俄國與北約國家間的國際軍事合作,聽候進一步指示。」

她又說:「我們已知悉俄方的決定。」

美國白宮幾乎立即作出回應,表示在喬治亞的危機「解決」之前,俄國與北約之間難有軍事合作。

白宮國家安全會議發言人強卓告訴記者:「在喬治亞的情勢解決前,我無法想像在目前這種情況下我們能與俄國進行軍事合作。」
 

http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20080821/pl_afp/georgiarussiaconflictuswhousenato_080821171012
No Russia-NATO ties until Georgia crisis resolved: US

Thu Aug 21, 1:10 PM ET

CRAWFORD, Texas (AFP) - The White House on Thursday demanded that Moscow withdraw its forces "now" from Georgia and warned there can be no Russia-NATO military cooperation until the volatile crisis is over.
 
"I can't imagine a circumstance right now that we would engage in military cooperation with the Russians until the situation in Georgia is resolved," US National Security Council spokesman Gordon Johndroe told reporters.

Johndroe declared Russia had violated its promise, under a French-brokered ceasefire deal, to withdraw its forces to where they were before a Georgian offensive into the breakaway region of South Ossetia around August 6.

"Russia is in violation of the commitments that they have made," he told reporters as US President George W. Bush watched the crisis from his Texas ranch. "The withdrawal needs to take place, and needs to take place now."

"The withdrawal is not happening very quickly, if it in fact has begun," said Johndroe. "The Russians are making some decisions that are not in line with a commitment to become part of a Europe whole, free and at peace."

"We are hopeful for the day that we will be able to resume military cooperation with the Russians, hopeful for the day that we're able to resume what I would call normal cooperation with the Russians," said the spokesman.

He cited the importance of Washington and Moscow working together on issues including the nuclear programs in North Korea and Iran, securing access to energy supplies, and managing soaring food costs.

"We are hopeful that this is a course that they have not chosen to go down permanently," said Johndroe.

Russian tanks poured into Georgia on August 8, initially to repel an attempt by Georgia's small, US-trained army to seize control of pro-Russia South Ossetia, which unilaterally declared its independence from Tbilisi after the fall of the Soviet Union.

Russian troops then expelled Georgian forces from their last foothold in Abkhazia, another separatist zone. They also took control of key towns, military bases, roads and the oil port of Poti.

For the first time since the crisis began, the White House, which has repeatedly branded Moscow's actions "disproportionate," described a Russian response that it would have considered reasonable.

Johndroe noted that Russia had peacekeepers in South Ossetia prior to the latest flare-up, and said the United States "can understand their desire to protect their peacekeepers" in the face of Georgia's offensive.

"What was, what is disproportionate is the systematic destruction of the Georgian military and Georgian military infrastructure as well as civilian infrastructure," as well as Russia's military deployment "into what is considered undisputed Georgian territory," he said.

"We told both sides repeatedly, the Georgians and the Russians, don't provoke each other. There is no reason for this conflict, which has been simmering for a long time, to flare up right now," said Johndroe.

He spoke after Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said that Russia was not planning to "slam the door" on NATO, but that the alliance must choose partnership with Moscow over support for Georgia.

In Washington, US State Department spokesman Robert Wood rejected Lavrov's warning, saying: "We are not slamming the door on Russia and we don't believe ... we have to make a choice."

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挪威國防部:俄羅斯已凍結與北約軍事合作
2008/08/21 11:28 推薦0


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挪威國防部:俄羅斯已凍結與北約軍事合作 
法新社╱簡長盛 2008-08-21 08:35     
 
 
(法新社奧斯陸二十日電)挪威國防部今天說,俄羅斯已決定凍結與北大西洋公約組織及盟國的軍事合作,直到進一步通知為止。

挪威國防部在一項聲明中說:「挪威已經收到消息說,俄羅斯已經決定凍結與北約及盟國所有的軍事合作,直到進一步通知為止。」

挪威國防部發言人韓珊說:「俄羅斯國防部已經打電話給挪威駐莫斯科大使館」,通知挪威此事。

她說:「俄羅斯國防部的電話說,俄羅斯將致函大使館通知這個消息。」

北約各國外長昨天宣布,在俄羅斯因主張脫離喬治亞的南歐希夏地區問題引發猛烈衝突中入侵喬治亞後,已不可能與莫斯科「照常往來」。

他們呼籲俄羅斯尊重從喬治亞撤軍的保證。

北約秘書長斯海佛指控俄羅斯未能尊重法國所斡旋的和平計畫,這項計畫要求雙方將部隊撤回喬治亞對南歐希夏發動攻擊前的位置。

另外,俄羅斯海軍也同時宣布,它已取消在與北約的合作關係下,預定在波羅的海進行的海軍演習計畫,並且說,目前它也「認為不可能」讓美國海軍巡防艦「福特號」訪問俄羅斯。


http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080820/ap_on_re_eu/russia_nato_4
Norway: Russia to cut all military ties with NATO

By BJOERN H. AMLAND, Associated Press Writer
Wed Aug 20, 6:10 PM ET

OSLO, Norway - Russia has informed Norway that it plans to suspend all military ties with NATO, Norway's Defense Ministry said Wednesday, a day after the military alliance urged Moscow to withdraw its forces from Georgia.

NATO foreign ministers said Tuesday they would make further ties with Russia dependent on Moscow making good on a pledge to pull its troops back to pre-conflict positions in Georgia. However, they stopped short of calling an immediate halt to all cooperation.

The Nordic country's embassy in Moscow received a telephone call from "a well-placed official in the Russian Ministry of Defense," who said Moscow plans "to freeze all military cooperation with NATO and allied countries," Espen Barth Eide, state secretary with the Norwegian ministry said.

Eide told The Associated Press that the Russian official notified Norway it will receive a written note about this soon. He said Norwegian diplomats in Moscow would meet Russian officials on Thursday morning to clarify the implications of the freeze.

"It is our understanding that other NATO countries will receive similar notes," Eide said. The ministry said the Russian official is known to the embassy, but Norway declined to provide a name or any further identifying information.

A Kremlin official declined to comment on the report, and the Russian ambassador to NATO did not reply to messages left on his cell phone. But the Interfax news agency, citing what it called a military-diplomatic source in Moscow whom it did not identify, reported that Russia is reviewing its 2008 military cooperation plans with NATO.

Officials at NATO headquarters in Brussels said Moscow had not informed the alliance it was taking such a step.

Washington described the reported move as unfortunate.

"If this indeed is the case, it would be unfortunate. We need to work with Russia on a range of security issues, but we are obviously very concerned about Russian behavior in Georgia," U.S. State Department spokesman Robert Wood said.

Under a 2002 agreement that set up the NATO-Russia Council, the former Cold War foes began several cooperation projects. They include occasional participation of Russian warships in NATO counterterrorism patrols in the Mediterranean Sea, sharing expertise to combat heroin trafficking out of Afghanistan and developing battlefield anti-missile technology.

Last week, Russia's ambassador to NATO Dmitry Rogozin warned the Western alliance against cutting off cooperation, saying it would hurt both sides.

The Interfax news agency, citing a military-diplomatic source in Moscow, reported Wednesday that Russia is reviewing its 2008 military cooperation plans as a result of NATO's decision to suspend meetings of the NATO-Russia Council.

Eide said he hoped NATO and Moscow would get back on track with dialogue and cooperation but said that Russia would first have to comply with a cease-fire in Georgia.

"I regret the situation has come to this," he said.

The hostilities between Russia and Georgia began earlier this month when Georgia cracked down on South Ossetia. The region is internationally recognized as being within Georgian borders but leans toward Moscow and regards itself as independent. Russia answered by sending its troops and tanks across the Georgian border.

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英外相:喬治亞入NATO申請案已正式展開
2008/08/20 19:59 推薦0


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英外相:喬治亞入NATO申請案已正式展開 
中央社╱中央社 2008-08-20 19:18
     
(中央社記者黃貞貞倫敦二十日專電)喬治亞局勢至今仍未穩定,英國外相米勒班表示,喬治亞成為北大西洋公約組織(NATO)會員國十分重要,喬治亞加入NATO的正式程序已經展開;米勒班並強調,英國堅定支持喬治亞,主張俄羅斯應儘速撤軍。

米勒班昨天前往喬治亞首府特比利西會見喬國總統薩卡希維利,除了告知喬治亞申請加入北大西洋公約組織的最新進度,並表達英國政府對喬治亞的支持立場。

米勒班接受英國媒體訪問指出,今年四月NATO領袖高峰會已同意喬治亞加入NATO,值此俄羅斯大舉入侵喬治亞,仍未依約全面撤軍之際,NATO履行四個月前的承諾,更顯重要。

米勒班說,十九日NATO已展開喬治亞會員申請案的正式作業程序,並成立「北約─喬治亞委員會」,希望建立更密切的合作關係。

對部分歐洲外交官形容,「北約─喬治亞委員會」不過是個安慰劑,受到俄羅斯軍事攻擊影響,喬治亞入會申請案將被擱置。米勒班提出反駁。

他說,「北約─喬治亞委員會」將會有實質的結果,北約將提供喬治亞政府及軍隊密切的合作,也就是協助喬治亞提高軍備能力,提供聯合軍事訓練,確保合作模式,最終就是讓喬治亞成為北約的一員。

另外,針對外界批評,喬治亞與烏克蘭加入北約後,將背離北約「集體防禦」的原則,西方國家將不願意因喬治亞而與俄羅斯對抗。

米勒班以立陶宛、拉脫維亞、愛沙尼亞波羅的海三國十年前加入北約後,並沒有減損會員國的重要性為例,「他們都是獨立的國家,並非前蘇聯國家,他們是主權獨立,有民主政府的國家,有權根據人民的意願做政策決定」。

米勒班堅信,喬治亞與烏克蘭加入北約是正確的事,「讓這些國家成為國際社會永久的一員,而不只是單一事件加入」。

停留喬治亞期間,米勒班將實地查看因俄羅斯戰火,造成民眾流離失所的地區。

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德國總理聲援 支持喬治亞加入北約組織
2008/08/18 16:25 推薦0


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德國總理聲援 支持喬治亞加入北約組織 
法新社╱陳維聰 2008-08-18 14:50     
 
 
(法新社喬治亞特比利西十七日電)德國總理梅克爾今天保証支持喬治亞加入北大西洋公約組織,在喬治亞與俄羅斯的衝突中,梅克爾強烈支持喬治亞總統薩卡希維利。

她在特比利西與薩卡希維利會談之前告訴記者說:「如果喬治亞願意,它將成為北大西洋公約組織的會員國,而且它確實有意願。」

這是支持喬治亞加入北約組織的最強烈聲明之一。俄羅斯堅決反對喬治亞加入北約組織。

梅克爾在稍後的記者會上說:「我們正走在(喬治亞)取得北約會員國資格的明確道路上。」

德國國防部長容恩本月十二日曾說,有關喬治亞加入北約組織的機會,高加索的衝突不會改變任何事。

北約組織今年四月在布達佩斯舉行的上次高峰會中,與會領袖同意喬治亞與烏克蘭最終將加入北約組織,不過兩國仍未獲得候選人地位,也沒有設定時間表。

在布達佩斯的高峰會中,美國強烈支持喬治亞加入北約組織,不過法國和德國的疑懼使得喬治亞未獲得完全的候選人地位。

梅克爾正在特比利西,聲援薩卡希維利,並施加壓力,要求俄羅斯撤軍。俄羅斯於八月八日攻擊喬治亞,逐退喬治亞軍隊對南歐希夏地區的攻擊行動。

梅克爾在記者會上與薩卡希維利並肩站著,她宣布:「俄羅斯軍隊的撤退是最急迫的工作。」
 

http://news.yam.com/afp/international/200808/20080818218778.html
Georgia 'will join NATO': Merkel

by Antoine Lambroschini
Sun Aug 17, 1:33 PM ET

TBILISI (AFP) - German Chancellor Angela Merkel on Sunday assured Georgia would join NATO as she strongly backed the ex-Soviet republic's President Mikheil Saakashvili in his conflict with Russia.
 
"Georgia will become a member of NATO if it wants to -- and it does want to," she told reporters before talks with Saakashvili in Tbilisi.

It was one of the strongest statements yet of support for Georgia's NATO membership bid, which is fiercely opposed by Russia.

"We are on a clear road towards NATO membership (for Georgia)," she added at a later news conference.

On August 12, German Defence Minister Franz Josef Jung had said the conflict in the Caucusus had changed nothing with regard to Georgia's chances of joining the NATO military alliance.

At the last NATO summit in Bucharest in April, leaders agreed that Georgia and Ukraine should join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization eventually, but neither nation was given candidate status and no timetables were set.

The United States is strongly in favour of Georgia joining NATO, but misgivings from France and Germany prevented Tbilisi being awarded full candidate status in Bucharest.

Merkel was in Tbilisi to support Saakashvili and press for the withdrawal of Russian troops who attacked Georgia on August 8 to repulse an offensive by Georgian troops against a Moscow-backed separatist region, South Ossetia.

Standing side-by-side with Saakashvili at the news conference, Merkel declared that the "withdrawal of Russian troops is the most urgent task."

"I am looking forward to the speedy withdrawal of Russian troops, which has not yet happened as we had expected."

She was the latest world leader to visit Georgia -- which has repeatedly appealed for Western support -- after trips by French President Nicolas Sarkozy and US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice in the last week.

She said she had come to Tbilisi "to show that we support the Georgian people and also the government to deal with the work there is to do."

Merkel on Friday held talks with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, who later in a frosty news conference stated that Moscow was "the guarantor of security" in the Caucasus region.

Meanwhile, Merkel also attempted to reassure Georgia about Russia's right under a ceasefire agreed earlier this week to take "additional security measures" outside the South Ossetia conflict zone.

This phrasing -- the most contentious issue in the EU-brokered six point ceasefire deal -- has raised fears in Tbilisi that Russia could maintain a long term troop presence deep inside the country.

"The security zone is temporary. This is not disputed by any of the parties," said Merkel.

She urged the rapid deployment of monitors from the Organisation of Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE).

"It is more important that foreign observers arrive so it is not only troops of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)," she added, referring to the post-Soviet international body dominated by Russia.

Saakashvili angrily dismissed suggestions from some Russian military officials that their forces could stay on as "peacekeepers" to patrol the security zone.

"There is no such notion any more in Georgia as Russian peacekeepers. There can be no Russian peacekeepers -- these are just Russian forces," he said.

Employing his customary mix of rhetoric and emotion, Saakashvili added: "We will defend our capital whatever it takes."

Russian troops on Sunday remained deployed in the north and west of the country, including units within half an hour's drive of Tbilisi.

Russia says that regular forces will begin withdrawing Monday but that an unspecified number of Russian peacekeepers will remain.

Moscow is furious at Georgia's attempt to join NATO. The Western military alliance is divided over how fast to accept Georgia, but has indicated that membership is a matter of when, not if.

German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier, in an interview with weekly Welt am Sonntag, warned on Sunday against any "knee-jerk" reaction in relations with Russia, such as suspending EU cooperation talks.

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義政府派軍隊進駐市區協助維護治安
2008/08/05 18:28 推薦0


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義政府派軍隊進駐市區協助維護治安
法新社╱法新社 2008-08-05 17:50   
 
 
(法新社羅馬四日電)首批受命協助警方維護社會治安的義大利軍隊約一千兩百人,今天正式進駐全國各主要都會區,與警察混合編組巡邏市區,或執行較敏感的外國使領館、政府機構與設施、以及非法移民收容中心的警戒任務。

根據國防部長拉魯沙與內政部長馬洛尼於七月二十九日共同簽署的命令,政府總共將派遣三千名軍隊協助警方維護社會治安,期限六個月,之後經評估成效再決定是否續延六個月。

拉魯沙表示,他對第一天軍隊執勤的情況感到滿意,認為對改善治安具有正面的效果。

他確信市民們,不論是在實質上、感覺上及印象方面,都會感到更安全。他說:「看到各市區街道上有這麼多的軍警在巡邏就足以嚇阻罪犯。」

對於有些人反對使用軍隊維持治安,拉魯沙說,他們大多是職業的反政府人士。

他希望在首次實驗性的六個月期滿之後,全國各地的警察與憲兵就會有足夠的力量來執行維護社會治安的工作,不再需要軍隊參與。

義大利總理貝魯斯柯尼領導的中間偏右聯盟政府自五月初就任以來,就把治安列為施政的主要工作之一,特別是對南部大城拿坡里地區黑道活動猖獗,並阻撓政府解決垃圾問題的努力,因此早有派軍隊協助維護治安的想法。

對於政府動用軍隊協助維護治安,在民間有不同的看法,有人認為可增加對人民生活安全的保障,有人則認為這是民主弱化的象徵。另有人認為,軍隊重現街頭會讓人有回到長久以前的戰爭恐怖感。

在野的中間偏左民主黨人士批評,政府此一措施只會嚇跑觀光客,對嚇阻犯罪的作用不大,因為派軍隊協助維護治安,剛開始總是轟轟烈烈,過一陣子就一切如常。

同屬執政的中間偏右聯盟之羅馬市長阿雷曼諾亦對動用軍隊協助維護治安持保留態度。他表示將不允許軍隊與警察一起在觀光客密集的市中心地區巡邏。

根據義大利新聞社(ANSA)報導,羅馬市將獲超過一千名軍隊支援,以加強對三十個較敏感的外國使領館的警戒及市區的巡邏勤務。 


http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20080804/wl_afp/italysecurityimmigration_080804175230
Italy deploys 3,000 soldiers in city centres

by Martine Nouaille
Mon Aug 4, 1:52 PM ET

ROME (AFP) - Italy deployed 3,000 troops to patrol major cities and sensitive areas Monday in a controversial move by Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi's right wing government to boost security.

Dressed in shirt-sleeve order and equipped with handguns, some 1,000 soldiers joined local police in Rome, Naples, Milan and other urban centres.

Another 1,000 were deployed around potential targets ranging from embassies to railway stations and churches, while a similar number were guarding holding centres for illegal migrants.

But mayor of Rome Gianni Alemanno said no soldier would patrol in the historic city centre where most tourists are concentrated.

On the island of Lampedusa, where thousands of migrants have arrived from Africa in recent months seeking to enter Europe, 70 air force troops were supplementing police who patrol the perimeter of a reception centre.

They are part of another 1,000 troops meant to be deployed around immigration centres.

The Italian left and police unions have criticised the use of troops, accusing Berlusconi's government of seeking to "militarize" city centres and cover up cuts in spending on defence and security.

Interior Minister Roberto Maroni, of the anti-immigrant Northern League, said he wanted to "give the public a better perception of security."

The government which took office in April has linked crime and illegal immigration and passed a series of measures aimed at cracking down on both.

But officials Monday played down the decision to draft in troops.

"In 1992, 20,000 men were sent to Sicily alone" to allow police to concentrate on fighting the Mafia after attacks on judges, deputy chief of the general staff General Mario Buscemi was quoted by Monday's daily La Repubblica as saying.

The support provided by 3,000 troops spread across Italy would be minor and "essentially symbolic", he said.

Defence Minister Ignazio La Russa announced in June that troops would be put at the disposal of regional governments for anti-crime missions. Parliament gave its backing to the measure last week.

Thousands of African migrants seeking to enter Europe have arrived in Lampedusa in recent months.

Of the 11,949 people who landed in Italy in the first six months of 2008, 10,402 arrived in Lampedusa, around double the number for the same period in 2007.

About 1,200 arrived on the holiday island off Sicily last Wednesday and Thursday.

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