http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/tech/2009-09/01/content_11977215.htm
俄將研發新一代載人飛船 擬2015年首次發射 
2009年09月01日 12:32:13 　來源：新華網

 
    新華網莫斯科８月３１日電（記者聶雲鵬）俄羅斯“能源”火箭航天企業副總設計師布留哈諾夫８月３１日在俄《工業》周刊發表文章說，俄目前正積極準備研發新一代載人飛船。

    文章介紹說，俄新一代載人飛船係統由基本型飛船及其變型體飛船組成。其中，基本型飛船將主要用于為軌道站提供服務，包括與地面進行人員、貨物運輸及作為緊急情況下的逃生船使用等。而變型體飛船將用于解決專業化太空任務，包括繞月飛行、對近地軌道上的衛星進行維護及修理、進行長期太空試驗等。

    按照俄此前宣布的計劃，新一代載人飛船的設計草圖將于２０１０年中期提出，到２０１８年研制完成。俄將于２０１５年在阿穆爾地區的“東方”發射場進行首次不載人發射，２０１８年進行首次載人發射，到２０２０年，俄所有載人航天項目都將轉移至該發射場。

    據布留哈諾夫介紹，新一代飛船中的基本型飛船可同時攜帶６名宇航員及５００公斤貨物，其返回艙外形為圓錐形，直徑將達到４．４米，遠遠超過目前使用的“聯盟－ＴＭＡ”飛船返回艙直徑。

    為提高著陸準確性，基本型飛船返回艙將不再採用減速降落傘，而是完全使用固體燃料火箭發動機產生的反作用力來減速，實現返回艙軟著陸，因此該返回艙可多次使用。此外，返回艙外殼材料還將採用高強度鋁合金和碳纖維，能將返回艙重量減輕約２０％至３０％，同時其使用壽命將大大增加。

http://www.dsti.net/News/55505.htm
俄羅斯“格洛納斯”-M衛星運往發射場

    　[據俄羅斯roscosmos網站2009年8月12日報導]  俄羅斯首顆“格洛納斯”-M衛星（Glonass-M）當日乘船運往拜科努爾發射場。
　　
　　衛星運抵發射地點後，進入總裝車間，然後進行發射前的準備。
　　
　　另外兩顆衛星將於8月底和9月初運往拜科努爾。目前這兩顆衛星正在進行最後的測試工作。三顆衛星預計將在9月份一起升空。
　　
　　 “格洛納斯”-M衛星由列舍特涅夫衛星資訊系統股份公司。預計2009年要兩次發射，將6顆衛星送入軌道。
　　  
　　據悉，GLONASS將在2011年覆蓋列寧格勒州。該地區的部分公司已經使用GLONASS一年多。這些公司表示，該系統有助於增強後勤安全控制，降低開支。（中國航太工程諮詢中心  許紅英）

http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2009-07/06/content_11661531.htm
俄羅斯成功發射3顆軍用衛星
2009年07月06日 14:26:20 　來源：新華網

新華網莫斯科７月６日電（記者高帆）俄羅斯航天兵新聞和公共關系局局長佐洛圖欣６日宣布，俄羅斯於當天早晨從俄西北部的普列謝茨克發射場成功發射３顆軍用衛星。

據俄媒體援引佐洛圖欣的話報道，莫斯科時間當天早晨，俄航天兵用“轟鳴”運載火箭成功將３顆“宇宙”系列軍用衛星發射升空，目前這３顆衛星均已進入預定軌道。

“轟鳴”運載火箭為二級火箭，長２８米，直徑２．５米，起飛重量為１０７噸，由俄羅斯赫魯尼切夫國家航天中心在俄羅斯ＲＳ－１８洲際彈道導彈的基礎上加裝“微風－ＫＭ”推進器改良而成，能將２噸以下的有效載荷送入近地軌道。

（責任編輯: 劉暢 ）

http://en.rian.ru/russia/20090706/155440769.html
Russia orbits three Cosmos-series military satellites

09:5206/07/2009
MOSCOW, July 6 (RIA Novosti) - A Rokot carrier rocket has orbited three Russian military satellites, a spokesman for Russia's Space Forces said.

The Rokot, carrying three Cosmos-series satellites, was launched by Russia's Space Forces from the Plesetsk space center in northwest Russia early on Monday, Lt. Col. Alexei Zolotukhin said.

Russia reportedly operates a network of about 60-70 military reconnaissance satellites. Some experts believe the new satellites could be part of Russia's Oko (Eye) orbital missile early warning network.

The Rokot launch vehicle is a modified version of the Russian RS-18 (SS-19 Stiletto) intercontinental ballistic missile. It uses the two original lower stages of the ICBM, in conjunction with a Breeze-KM upper-stage for commercial payloads.

Russia has carried out 16 space launches since the beginning of 2009.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2009-06/22/content_11578171.htm
俄羅斯發射一顆馬來西亞通信衛星
2009年06月22日 06:48:18 　來源：新華網

新華網莫斯科６月２２日電（記者 聶雲鵬）俄羅斯聯邦航天署２２日宣布，俄羅斯於當天凌晨從哈薩克斯坦境內的拜科努爾發射場用“天頂－３ＳＬＢ”型運載火箭成功發射一顆馬來西亞商業通信衛星。

俄羅斯媒體援引俄航天署的消息說，火箭於莫斯科時間２２日１時５０分（北京時間２２日５時５０分）從拜科努爾發射場順利升空，預計６小時後，這顆名為“Ｍｅａｓａｔ－１Ｒ”的通信衛星將與“ＤＭ－ＳＬＢ”火箭推進器分離，進入東經９１．５度的地球靜止軌道。

這顆衛星由美國軌道科學公司研制，重２４１７千克，設計壽命至少１５年，它將為亞洲、澳大利亞、中東、東歐及非洲等地的用戶提供高質量通信服務。

衛星原計劃於２００８年８月發射升空，在進行發射前准備時衛星部分部件受損，被運回美國進行修理，發射時間因此推遲至今。

“天頂－３ＳＬＢ”型運載火箭由俄羅斯南方設計局研制，為三級液體燃料火箭。火箭長５８米，發射重量４７０噸，能將１４噸以下有效載荷送至地球低軌道。

（責任編輯: 彭立軍 ）
 

http://en.rian.ru/russia/20090622/155313383.html
Russian Zenit rocket puts Malaysian satellite into orbit

09:2122/06/2009
MOSCOW, June 22 (RIA Novosti) - A Russian Zenit-3SLB carrier rocket launched from the Baikonur space center put Malaysia's Measat-3a communications satellite into orbit on Monday, a Federal Space Agency Roscosmos official said.

"The Russian carrier successfully put the foreign satellite into transfer orbit. Control over the satellite has been transferred to the client, who is responsible for putting the apparatus into geostationary orbit," the official said.

Measat-3a carries 12 Ku-band and 12 C-band active transponders along with three antennas, and has a service life of 15 years.

The satellite will serve C-band markets throughout the Asia Pacific region with a global beam, while Ku-band beams will serve direct-to-home broadcasting markets in Malaysia and Indonesia.

The Zenit-3SLB is a modernized three-stage version of the Zenit-3SL, which was previously used at Sea Launch's floating platform in the Pacific Ocean.

http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/world/2009-05/22/content_11419476.htm
俄成功發射一顆軍用通信衛星 
2009年05月22日 15:32:54 　來源：新華網

 
    新華網莫斯科５月２２日電（記者聶雲鵬）俄羅斯航天兵２２日宣布，當天淩晨俄羅斯從普列謝茨克發射場成功發射一顆軍用通信衛星。

    莫斯科時間２２日１時５３分（北京時間２２日５時５３分），俄航天兵用一枚“聯盟－２”運載火箭成功將一顆“宇宙”係列軍用通信衛星發射升空，發射約２小時後衛星進入預定軌道。

    這是俄羅斯今年第三次發射軍用衛星，前兩次分別在２月份和４月份。據俄航天兵介紹，此次衛星發射是為保障俄在北極地區從事科考任務的輪船和飛機與地面基站的通信，同時還將擴展俄羅斯在西伯利亞與遠東地區的衛星通信網絡。

    “聯盟－２”火箭是俄羅斯近年來研制的一種新型運載火箭，于２００４年首次成功試射，火箭發射重量約３１１噸，能將約７噸重的載荷送入軌道。

http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/world/2009-04/30/content_11284250.htm
俄羅斯成功發射一顆軍用衛星 
2009年04月30日 03:31:30 　來源：新華網 

 
    新華網莫斯科４月２９日電（記者 聶雲鵬）俄羅斯航天兵新聞和公共關係局局長佐洛圖欣２９日宣布，俄羅斯于當天晚間從俄普列謝茨克發射場成功發射一顆軍用衛星。

    據俄媒體援引佐洛圖欣的話報道說，莫斯科時間２９日２０時５８分（北京時間３０日零時５８分），俄航天兵用一顆“聯盟－Ｕ”運載火箭成功將一顆“宇宙”係列軍用衛星發射升空，發射８分鐘後衛星進入預定軌道。

    佐洛圖欣說，此次衛星發射目的是增加俄羅斯在軌軍用衛星數量。

    “聯盟－Ｕ”運載火箭為三級液體燃料火箭，發射重量為３１１噸，長３４米，可用于發射“聯盟”號載人飛船、“進步”號貨運飛船，或把重量在７２００千克以下的衛星送入離地面２００公裏的地球軌道。

http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/tech/2009-04/15/content_11187568.htm
俄羅斯“格洛納斯”導航信號明年將覆蓋全球 
2009年04月15日 08:36:38 　來源：新華網 

    新華網莫斯科４月１４日電（記者聶雲鵬）俄羅斯航天署署長佩爾米諾夫１４日宣布，俄“格洛納斯”全球導航係統衛星總數將于２０１０年達到２４顆，屆時該係統信號將覆蓋全球。

    據俄航天署網站消息，佩爾米諾夫當天表示，“格洛納斯”導航係統目前在軌衛星總數已達２０顆，俄羅斯計劃今明兩年分別再發射６顆“格洛納斯”導航衛星，考慮到個別衛星退役等因素，到２０１０年該係統衛星總數將達到２４顆，屆時“格洛納斯”導航係統將實現“滿員編制”，信號將完全覆蓋全球。

    佩爾米諾夫還表示，俄目前正在研制新一代導航衛星“格洛納斯－Ｋ”，該衛星是俄衛星導航係統第三代產品，與前兩代衛星相比，它重量更輕，性能更加優越，服務壽命至少為１０年。他介紹說，首顆“格洛納斯－Ｋ”衛星初步計劃于２０１０年發射升空進行測試。

    談到導航儀問題，佩爾米諾夫說，俄羅斯市場上目前有各種型號的導航儀供消費者選擇，這些導航儀可同時接收“格洛納斯”導航係統與ＧＰＳ導航係統信號。此外，俄羅斯目前正在研制可大規模普及的汽車專用導航儀。

    據了解，目前俄境內的公路、鐵路、航海和航空等公共交通工具均已安裝能夠同時接收“格洛納斯”導航係統與ＧＰＳ導航係統信號的導航儀。

    “格洛納斯”導航係統于上世紀７０年代由蘇聯開發，主要用于軍事領域。２００１年俄羅斯與印度合作，將其升級為軍民兩用全球導航係統。該係統衛星的“滿員編制”為２４顆。在整個“格洛納斯”係統完成２４顆衛星的部署工作後，衛星導航范圍可覆蓋整個地球表面和近地空間，實現全球定位導航，定位精度將達到１．５米以內。

http://www.dsti.net/News/52898.htm
俄羅斯將於2016-2017年試飛新型貨運飛船

[據俄新社網站2009年4月13日報導] 4月13日，俄羅斯能源火箭製造公司的總設計師宣佈，俄羅斯新型貨運飛船將於2016-2017年開始試飛。他說，新型貨運飛船將比現有飛船更為經濟。

      新型貨運飛船只是新型運輸系統的一部分，這個運輸系統還包括一艘新型的載人飛船和一枚新型運載火箭。能源公司贏得新型載人飛船的概念設計合同，該合同價值8億盧布（約2500萬美元）。

      能源火箭製造公司的總設計師還表示，這個新的運輸系統計畫從俄羅斯遠東地區的東方港新航太中心發射，該航太中心預計用5年時間建成，並從2015年開始提供服務。（中國航太工程諮詢中心 曲佳 謝慧敏）

http://en.rian.ru/russia/20090413/121090729.html
Russia to start flight-testing new cargo spacecraft in 2016-17
20:23 | 13/ 04/ 2009

KOROLYOV (Moscow Region), April 13 (RIA Novosti) - Flight tests of Russia's new cargo spacecraft will start in 2016-17, the general designer of the RSC Energia rocket manufacturer said on Monday.

"We will make the new cargo ship more economical, less expensive than those used today," Vitaly Lopota said.

He said the cargo spacecraft would be part of a new transport system also including a new manned spaceship and a new launch vehicle.

RSC Energia won a tender for a conceptual design of a new manned spacecraft, worth 800 million rubles (about $25 million).

Lopota said the new system is planned to be launched from at a new space center, Vostochny, in Russia's Far East, which is expected to take five years to build and enter service in 2015.

Russia currently uses two launch sites for carrier rockets - the Baikonur space center in the Central Asian Republic of Kazakhstan, which it has leased since the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the Plesetsk space center in northwest Russia.

http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/mil/2009-04/11/content_11167907.htm
俄羅斯國防部將在2009年發射新的偵察衛星 
2009年04月11日 10:45:55 　來源：科技日報
 
 
    俄羅斯國防部將在2009年發射新的偵察衛星，俄羅斯國防部主管裝備的副部長弗拉季米爾·巴波夫金在周五對媒體作上述表示。

    弗拉季米爾·巴波夫金稱，“我們應在今年發射新的偵察衛星，新偵查衛星是全新的科研成果”。但巴波夫金並沒有具體透露新偵察衛星的新穎之處。

    巴波夫金同時表示，俄國防部年內還將發射兩顆新的通訊衛星。此外，俄羅斯防導彈預警係統衛星也將不晚于2011年末或2012年初面世。 （張浩）

http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/mil/2009-04/11/content_11168046.htm
俄表示導航衛星準時發射 不因經濟危機延後 
2009年04月11日 11:21:38 　來源：環球時報
 
 
   “格洛納斯”係統的最後衛星發射將會于2010年底準時進行，不會因俄羅斯發生經濟危機而延後。這是負責發射工作的俄“通信衛星係統”企業在“太空--選擇-通信”的展覽會上做出的明確表示。
 
    俄新社4月9日報道，“通信衛星係統”企業總裁傑斯陀耶朵夫說：“經濟危機不會影響最新改良型‘ГЛОНАСС-К’的發射。所需資金已全部到位。”3月初，“格洛納斯”係統已有20顆衛星進行工作，幾乎覆蓋俄羅斯全境，歐洲部分可以保證99%有信號。地表的其它部分兼容通過率不低于80%。地表衛星導航實際上共有24顆衛星提供服務。（梁小逸）

http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=13764559&PageNum=0
GLONASS financing not to change -- Roskosmos

06.04.2009, 22.01

 
 ST. PETERSBURG, April 6 (Itar-Tass) -- The financial parameters of the federal GLONASS programme up to 2011 will not change, a Federal Space Agency (Roskosmos) official said.

Six GLONASS-M satellites are launched and put into orbit every year for the normal operation of the system, Reshetnev Information Satellite Systems first deputy chief designer Viktor Kosenko said at the 3rd All-Russia Conference “Fundamental and Applied Coordinate, Time and Navigation Support” (KVNO-2009) in St. Petersburg on Monday.

Nineteen GLONASS-M satellites and one GLONASS satellite have been operating in orbit since March 8, 2009. “All 20 satellites are operating normally,” he said.

At the second stage, the number of satellites will be increased to 24 in 2010. The system will be developed using innovative GLONASS-K satellites, Kosenko said.

For GLONASS signals to be received continuously across Russia, the system needs at least 18 operating satellites, and 24 satellites for global coverage.

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) is based on a constellation of active satellites which continuously transmit coded signals in two frequency bands, which can be received by users anywhere on the Earth's surface to identify their position and velocity in real time based on ranging measurements. The system is a counterpart to the United States Global Positioning System (GPS) and both systems share the same principles in the data transmission and positioning methods.

The development of the GLONASS began in 1976, with a goal of global coverage by 1991. The system was completed 1995 but then rapidly fell into decay after the collapse of the Soviet economy. In 2001, Russia decided to restore the system and has diversified and accelerated the programme aiming at global coverage by 2009.

GLONASS was developed to provide real-time positioning and velocity estimation, initially for use by the Soviet military.

The fully operational GLONASS system consists of 24 satellites.

GLONASS is a Russian version of the U.S. Global Positioning System (GPS), which is designed for both military and civilian use, and allows users to identify their positions in real time. The system can also be used in geological prospecting.

GLONASS is managed for the Russian Federation Government by the Russian Space Forces and the system is operated by the Coordination Scientific Information Center (KNITs) of the Defence Ministry.

The operational space segment of GLONASS consists of 21 satellites in 3 orbital planes, with 3 on-orbit spares. The three orbital planes are separated 120 degrees, and the satellites within the same orbit plane by 45 degrees. Each satellite operates in circular 19,100 km orbits at an inclination angle of 64.8 degrees and each satellite completes an orbit in approximately 11 hours 15 minutes.

The ground control segment of GLONASS is entirely located within the former Soviet Union territory. The Ground Control Center and Time Standards is located in Moscow and the telemetry and tracking stations are in St. Petersburg, Ternopol, Yeniseisk, and Komsomolsk-na-Amure.

The first GLONASS satellites were launched into orbit in 1982. Two Etalon geodetic satellites were also flown in the 19,100 km GLONASS orbit to fully characterise the gravitational field at the planned altitude and inclination. The original plans called for a complete operational system by 1991, but the deployment of the full constellation of satellites was not completed until late 1995 and early 1996. GLONASS was officially declared operational on September 24, 1993 by a decree of the President of the Russian Federation.

The Russian military identified, in the late 1960s a need for a Satellite Radio Navigation System (SRNS) for use in precision guidance of new generation of ballistic missiles in planning. The existing Tsiklon satellite navigation system required several minutes of observation by the receiving station to fix a position making them unusable for navigation positioning purposes. In 1968 to 1969 research institutes of the Ministry of Defence, Academy of Sciences, and Soviet Navy joined together to establish a single solution for air, land, sea, and space forces. This resulted in a 1970 requirements document that established the requirements for such a system. After further basic research in 1976 a decree was issued by the Soviet Union establishing the Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS, Global Navigation Satellite System).

The constellation is currently operating in a degraded mode with only eight satellites fully operationall. A program for the gradual enhancement of the GLONASS constellation is being developed. That plan called for 12 functioning satellites in 2001.

Work is underway to modernise the system. The new GLONASS-M satellites have better signal characteristics as well as a longer design life (7-8 years instead of the current 3 years). In the future, the system should use low mass third generation GLONASS-K satellites with a guaranteed lifespan of 10 years.

In January 2008, with 13 operational satellites, GLONASS availability (the amount of the day when a position can be calculated) in Russia was 66.2 percent and average availability worldwide was at 56.0 percent.

GLONASS chief designer Yuri Urilich said earlier that Russian specialists had made considerable progress in improving the GLONASS system using new technologies.

"We have solved one of the most crucial tasks - upgrading the system," he said.

http://n.yam.com/afp/international/200902/20090228360766.html
媒體：俄羅斯成功在哈薩克發射軍用衛星  
法新社╱蔡佳敏 2009-02-28 14:50    

 
（法新社莫斯科28日電）俄羅斯媒體指出，俄羅斯今天在哈薩克（Kazakhstan）貝康諾太空站（Baikonur）成功發射一枚軍用人造衛星。

俄羅斯「國際傳真社」（Interfax）引述俄國軍事航空部隊發言人左洛圖金（Alexei Zolotukhin）的話說，這枚人造衛星是由質子-K（Proton-K）火箭載運送入軌道。

左洛圖金表示，這枚上午7時10分（台灣時間中午12 時10分）升空的人造衛星，預計將在莫斯科時間下午1時46分（台灣時間下午6時46分）進入運行軌道。