關係代名詞（relative pronouns）的特殊用法
1 基本結構
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關係代名詞的省略
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This is the best movie I have ever seen.
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The man at the door looks funny.
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The bird singing in the tree is colorful and beautiful.
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The car stolen by the thief cost lots of money.
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A word spoken is past recalling.
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複合關代
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Don't put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
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Dad and Mom always know what I want.
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副詞關代
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This is the house where Einstein lived.
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The chair where Michael had sat is sold on a high price.
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限定用法 / 非限定用法
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His son who works in Taipei is 30 years old.
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His son, who works in Taipei, is 30 years old.
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2 結構分解
2-1 關係代名詞的省略
2-1-1 關係代名詞當形容詞子句的受詞，可省略
例如：
This is the best movie that I have ever seen.
→ This is the best movie I have ever seen.
這是我所看過最棒的電影
Harry Porter is the book which / that most people like to read.
→ Harry Porter is the book most people like to read.
哈利波特是大部分人都愛看的書
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2-1-2 關係代名詞當形容詞子句的主詞時，必須伴隨be動詞才可以一起省略
（1） 關係代名詞和be動詞一起省略而轉變成介系詞片語當形容詞用
例如：
形容詞子句→形容詞片語
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The man who is at the door looks funny.
→ The man at the door looks funny.
站在門口的那個人看起來很好笑
Judy wants to buy the dress which is in the window.
→ Judy wants to buy the dress in the window.
Judy想買櫥窗裡的那件洋裝
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（2）關係代名詞和be動詞一起省略而轉變成分詞構句
（包括現在分詞及過去分詞）當形容詞用
例如：
形容詞子句→分詞構句
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A word which is spoken is past recalling.
→ A word spoken is past recalling.
一言既出駟馬難追
The bird which is singing in the tree is colorful and beautiful.
→ The bird singing in the tree is colorful and beautiful.
在樹上歌唱的那隻鳥色彩斑斕好漂亮
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The car which was stolen by the thief cost lots of money.
→ The car stolen by the thief cost lots of money.
被小偷偷走那輛車價值不斐
The police looked for the children which were lost in the forest.
→ The police looked for the children lost in the forest.
警方搜尋在森林裡走失的那批孩子
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2-2關係代名詞可以和其所修飾的先行詞合併成複合關代what
例如：
Don't put off till tomorrow the thing which you can do today.
→ Don't put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
今日事今日畢
Dad and Mom always know the thing that I want.
→ Dad and Mom always know what I want.
爸媽總是知道我所要的
The thing that I want is sleep all day long.
→ What I want is sleep all day long.
我所想要的就是整天呼呼大睡
No one knows the thing which you like.
→ No one knows what you like.
沒人曉得你喜歡甚麼
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2-3表示地方、位置的關係代名詞可以和其介系詞合併為關係副詞where
例如：
This is the house in which Einstein lived.
→ This is the house where Einstein lived.
這是愛因斯坦的故居
The chair which Michael had sat on is sold on a high price.
→ The chair where Michael had sat is sold on a high price.
Michael曾經坐過的那張椅子以高價賣出
Several people noticed the bed that a cat was sleeping under.
→ Several people noticed the bed where a cat was sleeping.
有些人注意到那張貓睡在下方的床鋪
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2-4限定用法及非限定用法
2-4-1 限定用法
關係代名詞所引導的形容詞子句通常用來更明確的表達所指的先行詞，
因此，關係子句通常就是做為用來限定前面的先行詞，這種用法稱為
限定用法。換句話說，限定用法就是在多個類似或同樣的事物當中，
指定形容子句所修飾的那個做討論。
例如：
His son who works in Taipei is 30 years old.
他在台北上班的那個兒子今年30了
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由此限定用法可知
他不只有一個兒子，其他的兒子可能在台北之外的地方上班
先行詞所說的兒子是指在台北上班的那個兒子
2-4-2 非限定用法
關係代名詞所引導的形容詞子句前後方若加了標點符號〝，〞，則是用來補
充說明先行詞的狀況，使先行詞的訊息更為充分，這種用法稱為非限定用法。
換句話說，非限定用法就是用來補充訊息，而非指定先行詞是哪一個，也就
是所討論的先行詞是大家所知道的唯一的那一個。
例如：
His son, who works in Taipei, is 30 years old.
他兒子，在台北上班，今年30了
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由此非限定用法可知
他只有一個兒子，而且他的兒子今年30歲了
只要提到他兒子，大家都知道指的是哪一個
關係子句是用來補充說明他兒子的狀況及訊息
因此，非限定用法又可稱為補述用法
3 換你練習（每格限填一字）
(1) 和北極熊住在一起的公主在玩球。
A princess with _______ the North Pole bears live is playing with a ball.
(2) 有一隻在草地上蹦蹦跳跳的青蛙長得很難看。
A frog __________ the grass is very ugly.
(3) 被球打到的青蛙大叫著。The frog, __________ is hit by the ball, shouts loudly.
(4) 她看著地上這隻長得很難看的動物說對不起。
She looks at the ugly animal __________ the ground and says sorry.
(5) 青蛙要求這個小女孩帶他回家。
The frog asks the little girl to take him to the place __________ she lives.
(6) 沿路緩慢走著的青蛙和公主回到了皇宮。
The frog and the princess _________ walk slowly along the road get back to the palace.
(7) 青蛙提出個公主所聽過最感驚訝的建議。
He provides the most surprising advice __________ the princess has ever heard.
(8) 他要她在他充滿斑點的臉上親一下。
He wants her to kiss his face __________ there are many spots.
(9) 青蛙竟然變成史上最帥的帥哥。
The frog turns into the most handsome man __________ people have ever seen.
(10)最後，青蛙變成了和公主過著幸福日子的王子。
Finally, the frog becomes the prince with __________ the princess lives happily.
分高手 (填入提示字的正確形式)
1 小心！高速行駛中的車子很危險。
Watch out! The car __________ (run) rapidly is very dangerous.
2 醫師正在處理Gary被車撞斷的那條腿。
Gary’s leg __________ (break) by a car is being curing by the doctor.
基測練習專區
Tommy is looking for the watch his uncle ___________ him on his birthday.
(A) gives (B) gave (C) to give (D) has given 【97-1-14】
解題時這麼想：名詞watch後面還有個完整句子，可以推斷此子句為形容詞子句省略
關代的特殊用法，空格處就是形容子句的動詞，由句意得知舅舅送他
手錶是過去的動作，因此要用動詞的過去式，所以選(B)
( ) 1. The old lady in gray _______.
(A) is over 90 (B) whom you know (C) walking slowly (D) in the park
( ) 2. The old man ___________ looks very excited.
(A) is reading there (B) reads a book (C) on the bench (D) which I know
( ) 3. The cat ________ is someone’s pet. （ collar項圈）
(A) with a collar (B) who has a collar (C) has a collar (D) on a collar
( ) 4. Languages ________ are called living languages.
(A) which speak (B) speaking by us (C) spoken by people (D) with speaking
( ) 5. Never forget to bring ________ is needed to school or you will be punished.
(A) where (B) the thing (C) which (D) what
( ) 6. Kenting is the place ________ my father likes to stay in.
(A) where (B) whom (C) that (D) what
( ) 7. Children like the tree house ________ they feel safe to stay.
(A) which (B) where (C) what (D) that
( ) 8. Mr. Wang has only one son. His son ________ often comes back to visit him.
(A) who teaches at school (B) , works in a factory,
(C) , who makes lots of money, (D) spends holidays in Taidung
( ) 9. Michael has 4 brothers. His brother________ loves him best.
(A) , teaches at school, (B) that works in a factory
(C) , who makes lots of money, (D) grows animals in Taidung
( ) 10. Please tell the waiter to ask the man ________ to leave or no one can come in.
(A) at the door (B) in the bathroom (C) speaking at the stage (D) lost
英檢寫作訓練專區：句子改寫
1. The pen which is on the desk is good to write. （形容詞子句、片語、單字改寫互換）
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
2. The car which is made in German is famous. （形容詞子句、片語、單字改寫互換）
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
3. The little bears playing on the grass are so cute.（形容詞子句、片語、單字改寫互換）
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
4. The woman who is smart can do it well. （形容詞子句、片語、單字改寫互換）
→ ___________________________________________________________________________
5. The girl came to our office yesterday.
Pete loves the girl. （Everyone knows who the girl is.）
→ The girl,_
6. Dave showed us pictures.
The pictures were taken in Hualian. （省略關代的合併句）
→ Dave _
7. The old lady like to watch the little kids.
The little kids are running and playing. （省略關代的合併句）
→ The _
8. They visited the small village.
Mr. Horse was born in the village. （關係副詞的合併句）
→ They _
9. People like to buy the thing.
The thing is much cheaper than usual. （複合關代的合併句）
→ People _
Tommy is looking for the watch his uncle ___________ him on his birthday.
(A) gives (B) gave (C) to give (D) has given 【97-1-14】
搶分高手 (填入提示字的正確形式)
1 小心！高速行駛中的車子很危險。
Watch out! The car __________ (run) rapidly is very dangerous.
2 醫師正在處理Gary被車撞斷的那條腿。
Gary’s leg __________ (break) by a car is being curing by the doctor.
(轉載出處不詳)
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