http://news.yam.com/afp/fn/200805/20080503136462.html
聯合國顧問：20年錯誤政策釀成全球糧食危機
法新社╱何世煌 2008-05-03 11:05
（法新社巴黎二日電）聯合國新任糧食首席顧問舒特上任首日，就在專訪中提出嚴厲批評，將橫掃全球的糧食危機，歸咎於世界強權二十年的錯誤政策。
法籍法學教授舒特就任第一天，在「世界報」專訪中表示，國際社會未能預料到上個月因為糧價高漲引爆的暴動，為「不可原諒」。
這位聯合國糧食權報告員說：「這只是開始。食物便宜的日子已經離我們遠去。」他認為目前的危機顯示「工業化農業的侷限」。
同時是人權運動人士的舒特說：「我們正為二十年的錯誤付出代價。雖然可以預見，股市成長減緩之後，投資人會轉向這些市場，但是沒有人採取任何措施防止原物料的投機行為。」
舒特表示，世界銀行與國際貨幣基金「嚴重低估投資農業的需要」，他還指控國際貨幣基金強迫負債的開發中國家以犧牲糧食自給自足為代價，投資生產可以出口的現金作物。
舒特也和其他專家想法一致，指控生質燃料佔據可耕地並扭曲全球糧食價格。直到最近，生質燃料還被視為造成污染的化石燃料的神奇替代品。
http://nz.news.yahoo.com/080502/8/585w.html
Food crisis payback for '20 years of mistakes': UN expert
Saturday May 3, 05:07 AM
PARIS (AFP) - The UN's new top advisor on food blamed two decades of wrong-headed policies by world powers for the food crisis sweeping the globe, in a stinging interview published on his first day in office Friday.
Frenchman Olivier de Schutter, a law professor and human rights campaigner, told Le Monde newspaper the international community was "unforgivable" for its failure to anticipate the riots sparked last month by soaring food prices.
"This is a call to order. The days of cheap food are behind us," said the United Nations rapporteur on the right to food, arguing that the current crisis showed the "limits of industrial agriculture."
"We are paying for 20 years of mistakes. Nothing was done to prevent speculation on raw materials, though it was predictable investors would turn to these markets following the stockmarket slowdown."
Schutter said the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) had "gravely underestimated the need to invest in agriculture," and accused the IMF of forcing indebted developing countries to invest in export cash crops at the expense of food self-sufficiency.
Workers across Asia, where one billion people are now seriously affected by the food price surge, made food their May Day battle cry, with volatile crowds staging rallies in the Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore and Bangkok.
Experts blame the soaring prices on a confluence of factors, including trade restrictions; increased demand from a changing diet in Asia; poor growing weather; rising use of biofuels that rely on staples like corn; and the hike in fuel prices that make transporting foodstuffs more expensive.
Schutter joined the growing chorus accusing biofuels -- until recently cast as a miracle alternative to polluting fossil fuels -- of usurping arable land and distorting world food prices.
Billions of dollars have been poured into transforming corn, soy beans and sugar to ethanol and biodiesel to help wean rich economies from their addiction to fossil fuels, mainly in the United States, Brazil, Canada and Europe.
"The ambitious goals for biofuel production set by the United States and the European Union are irresponsible," Schutter charged.
He described the biofuel rush as a "scandal that only serves the interests of a tiny lobby" and called for a freeze on investments in the sector.
But he also distanced himself from the hardline stance of his predecessor in the UN post Jean Ziegler, who had called for an outright moratorium on biofuels, describing them as a "crime against humanity".
The rapporteur said it was vital to phase out "shameful" rich world farm subsidies, which he said represent an annual 350 billion dollars, but gradually to avoid driving up prices for buyers in the developing world.
And Schutter took aim at the giants of the agri-business world -- such as US firms Monsanto or Dow Chemicals -- which hold patents on many of the world's most used seeds, fertilisers and pesticides.
"We need to think about changing the intellectual property rules for these companies, whose profits are exploding," he said, arguing that many products were currently priced beyond the reach of small producers.
The World Bank said last month that the doubling of food prices over the past three years could push 100 million people in poorer developing countries further into poverty.
The World Food Programme is appealing to donors for an extra 755 million dollars (487 million euros) to enable it to purchase enough food to meet its global commitments, while UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon this week set up a new global task force to address the food crisis.
The UN food aid agency urged the US congress to speedily approve 770 million dollars in emergency food aid pledged by President George W. Bush.
Schutter said he was confident a coordinated international response between now and the autumn harvests would manage to avert famine.
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