加拿大列車頻脫軌 到底是誰搞軌？
（路透）加拿大去年發生多起列車脫軌意外，顯示運油列車在失修鐵軌上行駛的危險。但路透取得的文件顯示，加拿大最大的鐵路公司在多起意外發生後，仍難以妥善地修繕頻繁使用的鐵軌。
(Reuters) - Canada's biggest railway struggled to keep some heavily used track in adequate repair even after a string of derailments last year showed the danger of moving oil on poorly maintained track, documents obtained by Reuters show.
去年2月和3月間，3列火車在安大略省北部、加拿大國家鐵路公司一段長296英里（476公里）的路段脫軌。第3列火車載運的原油外洩到戈加馬鎮一條河裡和河邊，引發延燒數日的大火。
Three trains derailed along one 296 mile (476 km) section of Canadian National Railway Co track in northern Ontario in February and March last year. The third train spilled crude oil in and around a river near the town of Gogama, igniting a fire that burned for days.
路透透過加拿大資訊自由法取得超過100頁的信件與檢查報告顯示，負責鐵軌安全的加拿大運輸部3月發現鐵道有諸多問題。
More than 100 pages of correspondence and inspection reports obtained by Reuters under Canada's freedom of information law show that a March inspection by Transport Canada, the ministry responsible for rail safety, found a number of problems with the track.
一名消防隊員2013年7月7日在魁北克梅干提克湖附近，勘查脫軌列車翻覆的意外現場。（路透）
不過，這份文件也指出，去年意外發生且鐵路恢復營運多月後的7月檢查報告，發現新的鐵軌問題，包括栓緊鐵軌的螺栓太少且連接不當。加拿大國家鐵路去年5月底就讓火車以正常的速度恢復營運。
But the documents also show that during a July inspection, months after normal operations resumed, inspectors found new track problems, including rail that had been secured with too few bolts, and defective ties. CN brought its trains back up to normal speeds in late May.
加拿大國鐵告訴路透，7月檢查最終發現57項缺失，包括10項需要列車暫時減速。這10項缺失中，有7項發生在主要路線上。加拿大國鐵表示，這些7月發現的缺失已在9月3日修復。
CN Rail told Reuters the July inspection ultimately uncovered 57 defects, including 10 that required temporary speed reductions. Seven of those 10 were on the main line. CN said the defects found in July were repaired by Sept. 3.
加拿大運輸部2015年12月15日解除3月提出的運輸警告，顯示它認為該區安全問題已解決。不過，監管單位直到7月才完成軌道檢測。證據顯示，多項問題在第一次檢測後仍然持續存在，不禁讓市民團體懷疑，運輸部所謂警告解除的可信度有多高。
Transport Canada lifted its March safety notice on Dec. 15, 2015, signaling that it believed safety problems in the area had been resolved. But the regulator has not conducted a track inspection since July. Evidence that problems persisted after the first inspection has one resident's group wondering how definitive the ministry's all-clear is.
加拿大一列貨運火車2013年7月7日在魁北克梅干提克湖附近脫軌翻覆，出事列車擠成一團，燒得焦黑。（美聯社）
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本文討論鐵軌，rail與track都可用來指稱鐵軌，但若要細分，track泛指各種鐵道，包括鐵軌、工廠的運輸軌道等，也可用來指操場的跑道、賽道等，rail則專指火車跑的鐵軌。
聯合報／陳韻涵 編譯
聯合報／陳韻涵、李承宇、翁海玲、蘇士堯 製作
主圖／美聯社
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