這是我過去翻譯的文件，關於「Ofcom」的誕生。
當時我翻譯了一些衛報和獨立報，很苦！資料全在苦勞網！
http://www.coolloud.org.tw/dvbbs/dispbbs.asp?boardID=5&ID=388
http://www.coolloud.org.tw/dvbbs/list.asp?boardid=5&page=7&selTimeLimit=
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2087-1001928,00.html
泰晤士報：BBC被威脅將被拆散
February 15, 2004
BBC threatened with break-up
Robert Winnett and David Leppard
2001年2月15日
BBC被威脅將被拆散
Robert Winnett和David Leppard編撰
THE BBC could be dismantled and its editorial independence curbed in the wake of the row over Iraq, according to leaked government papers.The Whitehall documents, drawn up by senior civil servants, suggest that the BBC could be split into "separate entities for England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland". The papers signal a policy which corporation executives fear would end its 80-year existence as a national institution.
根據洩漏出的政府報告說：BBC可能被拆除，而他們的編輯獨立性也將尾隨戰勝伊拉克而被勒住。白廳﹝英國政府﹞的公文，由高級公僕起草，建議BBC分裂成「個別的實體在英格蘭，威爾斯，蘇格蘭及北愛爾蘭」。報告標示一個政策那就是公司執行者害怕將會結束他們80年來作為一個全國機構的存在。
The break-up plans form part of a wider review of the BBC's future and come at one of the most vulnerable moments in its history after the resignations last month of its chairman and director-general.
這個拆散計劃是對於BBC未來廣泛的重新檢討的一部份，並且在它有史以來最容易受攻擊的時刻，在上月它的主席和主任辭職之後，襲擊它。
The internal documents also reveal that the government is considering a wider role for Ofcom, its new media watchdog, with greater controls over BBC services and output. The governors could be stripped of their job of overseeing the BBC's "impartiality and accuracy" with the task handed to the quango.
這份內部文件也透露出政府正在考慮媒體與電信管制機構Ofcom的廣泛角色，它新的媒體看門狗，用以強力控制BBC雇用﹝人事﹞及發布﹝新聞﹞。主管可能被剝奪他們監督BBC「公平及準確」的工作而將這任務交給政府的特殊法人。
Other ideas, which are likely to form the basis for a green paper on the BBC's new charter, include: Taking the governors "outside the BBC" to make them more independent. Increasing parliamentary scrutiny with an annual review of the BBC's performance. Sharing a portion of its ￡2.6 billion a year licence fee revenue among other broadcasters. Closing new services that fail to fulfil the corporation's role as a public service broadcaster.
其他的構想，例如可能由在BBC新的執照上的一份綠色報告為基礎，包括：令主管「在BBC外面」讓他們有更多的獨立性。在年度的BBC成績重新檢討中增加議會觀察，分享它一年26億英鎊的執照費用收入給其他的廣播電台，關閉新的部門讓它無法履行作為公共服務廣播電台的公司角色。
Although the 30 pages of drafts, headed BBC Charter Review, appear to be at an early stage, the disclosure of the documents will be embarrassing.
雖然草稿中的30頁，衝著BBC執照審查而來，顯示在一個新的階段中，文件的揭露將是令人侷促不安的。
Critics will claim that the government is gearing up to exploit the fall-out from the Hutton inquiry in which the BBC was savaged for the quality of its journalism and management.
批評者將會宣稱：政府正加快去開拓赫頓調查裡的爭論，那就是：在它的新聞及管理品質上，BBC是野蠻未開化的。
In the most contentious section - entitled The BBC's Constitution - the papers say there could be more scope for national and regional autonomy "to reduce perceived metropolitan bias". But then officials ask: "How far is it essential for the BBC to be organised on a UK-wide basis?
在最具爭議的部分─被稱為BBC憲章﹝的部分﹞─報告說：在全國和地方自治權上，它將具備更大的範圍「去減少注意到祖國的偏見」。但是隨後官員問說：「當BBC在一個英國廣大的基礎中被建立起來時，它有多重要？」
Is there a case for separate entities for England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, or at least a more federated approach than now?" The disclosure will alarm Lord Birt, former director-general of the BBC and one of Tony Blair's closest advisers. He described any such move as one which would eventually turn the BBC into "a weak, federal institution".
「『個別的實體在英格蘭，威爾斯，蘇格蘭及北愛爾蘭』是一個案子嗎？或是比現在更接近於聯邦﹝體制﹞？」這份揭露將警告Birt法官、前BBC主任以及湯尼‧布萊爾最親近的顧問之一。他形容任何像這樣的變動，最終將使BBC轉向「一個虛弱的聯邦機構」。
In his autobiography he said this would mean the BBC being "broken up with an English Broadcasting Corporation . . . and its status as the world's most successful cultural institution much diminished".
在他的自傳中他說：這意味著「作為英國廣播公司的BBC將被拆散‧‧‧並且它作為世界上最成功的文化機構的地位將被貶低」。
Any such move could mark an end of UK-wide news bulletins and nationwide scheduling. Each regional and national station would commission and broadcast its own shows.
任何像這樣的變動將標示著一個「英國廣大的新聞公告及全國性的計劃」的結束。每一個區域和全國電台將只代理和播出他們自己的秀。
The document raises the prospect of the post-Hutton BBC having its radio and television networks divided up, further undermining its national status.
公文增加了後赫頓﹝時期﹞BBC它的廣播和電視網路正在被分裂的機會，進一步漸漸暗中破壞它的全國性地位。
In a section on regulation and governance it also questions whether to "shift" the balance of editorial controls, for example through a "wider Ofcom enforcement role".
管理條例中的一部份，它將被質疑是否「轉移」了編輯控制的平衡，例如通過一個「廣泛的媒體與電信管制機構Ofcom的強制執行角色」。
There could be "new controls on quality, fair trading and cross-promotion" and an extension of Ofcom's remit to oversee the "impartiality and accuracy" of the BBC's output. "Is there some way of measuring compliance?" the papers ask. "Would it be right to do so?" Ofcom was set up under the latest Communications Act as a single regulator of the entire broadcasting and communications industry. However, the quango has been criticised for being too close to government.
這可能是「對於﹝新聞﹞品質的新的控制，公平交易及互相交流」，並且一個媒體與電信管制機構Ofcom的擴張減少了對於BBC輸出﹝的新聞﹞「公正及準確性」的監督。「測量承諾的方法有嗎？」報告問。「它做的都是對的嗎？」媒體與電信管制機構Ofcom被建立在最近的電信法上，擔任一個全體廣播及電信產業的單一的管理者。然而，這個政府的特殊法人被批評太過親近政府。
Another radical idea is to take the governors outside the BBC "to enhance their status as independent regulators" and change the credentials required and way they are appointed.
其他的基本構想是令主管在BBC外面「以提高他們作為獨立管理人的地位」並且變更﹝主管的﹞任命資格及指派他們的方式。
The move follows criticism of the governors when they robustly defended Andrew Gilligan, the BBC journalist, against government criticism without first checking the truth of his reports.
當他們堅定地保護Andrew Gilligan時，這個變動隨著政府的批評而來，BBC的新聞記者，對抗政府批評﹝他們﹞對於他的報導沒有做事實的初步確認。
The documents question whether the BBC should retain its royal charter status guaranteeing its independence. Despite ministers having publicly insisted the structure will not change, the papers ask: "Reconstitute BBC as statutory body? Give it NDPB (quango) status? Should it (the charter review) leave the BBC with an effective power of veto as at present?" An alternative, say the documents, could see it being regulated and accountable to parliament via an annual review of its performance. BBC governors and executives could also face "full scrutiny" from the public accounts committee.
公文懷疑BBC是否應該保有它的皇家憲章地位所擔保的它的獨立性。儘管部長們公開堅持它的結構將不會改變，報告問說：「﹝是否﹞﹝允許﹞重新設立的BBC是一個法律主體？﹝是否﹞給予它NDPB﹝政府的特殊法人﹞的地位？﹝是否﹞它﹝憲章的重新審理﹞應該允許BBC擁有否決的實際力量如同現在一樣？」二選一，報告說，可以目睹它將被管理，並且向議會負責，經由年度重新檢討它的成績。BBC主管和執行者也將面對從公共評估委員會而來的「完整地監視」。
The papers question whether new services such as the digital channel BBC3 should continue: "Do new services continue to fill (public service broadcasting) criteria? (If not they should be closed)."
報告懷疑是否新的部門如數位頻道BBC3將會持續：「新的部門將繼續滿足﹝公共服務廣播電台﹞的標準？﹝如果不是，它應該被關閉﹞。」
Some of the BBC's licence fee money could be handed to independent broadcasters to help pay for their public service commitments such as news and education. The papers indicate ministers wish to make BBC programmes more upmarket and educational. They suggest it could be run as an "arts council for the air . . . wholly or mainly devoted to areas where commercial broadcasters are unlikely to provide the required level of service, irrespective of audience share".
BBC執照費用的一些部分可能用來支援獨立廣播電台，幫助他們去支付他們在新聞和教育節目上的公共服務代理。報告指出：部長希望讓BBC的節目更符合市場及教育性。他們建議它可以播出「空中藝術會議‧‧‧全心全力致力於這個『商業廣播電台不可能去提供這類需求的服務水準，無關觀眾股份』'的區域。」
The documents say a clearer definition of the BBC's public service obligations might be needed so that its performance could be more easily assessed.
公文說：BBC公共服務義務的明確定義可能是需要的，以便讓它的成績更容易去評估。
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