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【家主政治家庭投票兒童投票權資料】(轉貼)十六歲投票選總統
2008/11/11 12:39 瀏覽1,729|回應4推薦0

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國際觀察》奧地利、巴西…16歲投票選總統

歐新社

16歲的少年,他們不少人還在念中學,能做什麼?或者,大人認為他們能做什麼?在奧地利,他們加入巴西、古巴、尼加拉瓜等極少數國家16歲族群的行列,有投票權。

奧國選舉權年齡的底限本來是18歲,2007年修法,成為歐盟第一個有16歲選民的歐盟國家。

讓16歲的孩子投票決定國家政治,或許新潮,但批評者很多。華府智庫「戰略/國際研究中心」專攻這領域的學者海曼說:「16歲的孩子該關心的是能不能考上駕照。你認為他們是成熟公民嗎?對政策有主張有定見的公民?」

這事很矛盾。有人說,16歲的人應該也能用選票發聲。在奧國,18歲才有資格當兵或履行社區服務,但16歲依法可以買、喝啤酒和紅酒。芬蘭人18歲才能選舉,但15歲就可以依法買槍打獵。

英國牛津大學的社會學和社會政策教授倫根更妙,主張才學步的娃娃也該有投票權:「他們沒辦法自己投,就由媽媽當投票監護人。兒童也應該能左右公共政策。16歲的投票知識已經足夠,不要怕給他們權利。」

也有比這溫和的看法,捷克人權部長史代利科瓦說,16歲至少應該可以在地方選舉裡投票,可以降低犯罪率,青少年對社會也有歸屬感。

人口八百萬的奧地利降低投票權年齡,原因很簡單,去年,65歲以上的公民人口首度超過15歲以下人口,奧國專家說,給16歲族投票權,有助維持世代平衡,而且使少年人了解政治能改變世界。

馬爾他一位政黨人士的話可以為這看法提供注解:「搞政治的人從此必須面臨新的挑戰,他們面對一批熟悉媒體,要求較多,做事也比較積極的新選民,會變得負責一點。」

美國在越戰期間大舉徵兵,將投票年齡底限從21歲降到18歲,因為國會議員承認,一個人如果能當兵打仗,代表你年紀夠大,可以投票。不過,海曼說,再往下降,就「太超過」了。何不乾脆給12歲的人投票權?

他說,16歲的人了不了解,或根本在不在乎國家赤字低一點比較好,相當值得懷疑。一個公民的年齡到了能以成人的態度參與國家走向的對話,才應該有投票權。

【2008/11/10 聯合晚報】


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公民觀念 受到挑戰 家國主義 終將抬頭(轉貼)美聯邦預算長者是年輕人的七倍
2012/06/15 02:45 推薦0


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35歲世代 美兩大黨無力搶救

高達1億美國民眾收入比父母同年齡時期來得少,年過30仍在無薪實習工作裡打轉,這正是當前美國「35歲世代」寫照。對此,民主、共和兩大黨都欠缺解決之道。

華府著名電台節目主持人米勒(Matt Miller)在「華盛頓郵報」專欄指出,美國年輕人收入遠低於父母輩,畢業後繼續與家人同住一個屋簷下,這現象早在金融海嘯和中國大陸、印度經濟崛起,導致大量工作外移前,便已普遍存在。

美國35歲世代欲振乏力和收入停滯與債務累積有關。1980年代,美國公立高等院校學費占中產家庭收入的12%,當中7成可透過聯邦助學貸款支助,現在公立學院支出達到26%,政府貸款只佔學費的1/3,對中產家庭和社會新鮮人都是沉重負荷。

米勒指出,共和黨根本不理會年輕人的哀號,民主黨政府也拿不出解決之道。

美國青年就業市場,在2008年金融海嘯和房地產泡沫破滅後便成為重災區,企業吝於投資,高層搜刮盈利,濫用無薪實習制度提供的廉價勞力,20多歲的年輕人長年在實習工作間打轉,缺乏穩定收入,也無法累積實際工作資歷。

米勒分析,面臨高齡社會挑戰,美國預算多投資在年長者醫療保險和退休金,及高昂的國防支出。聯邦預算每花7美元在長者身上,用在18歲以下年輕人的只有1美元。

更可怕的財政災難還在後頭。民主、共和兩黨面臨總統大選,罔顧世代正義而債留子孫,誰都不願得罪投票率遠高於年輕人的55歲以上選民,來主張削減社福支出。在戰後嬰兒潮世代陸續退休後,沒有穩定收入來源的人債務總額將達數兆美元。

還有更糟糕的,政府退休金經理人畫餅充飢,將基金投資報酬率年增長定在7.5%到8%,但事實上,3%到6%才合理。民主、共和黨兩黨樂於接受天上掉下來的禮物,未來不會兌現的「收入」將成為年輕世代的負債。

米勒寫道,他無意挑起世代戰爭,問題在於年輕人對政治無感,未來將接收坐吃山空,沒有能力投資未來。因此,35歲以下的年輕世代唯有醒來,展現團結力量向政治發聲,才會獲得公平待遇。

【2012/06/14 中央社】



全文網址: 35歲世代 美兩大黨無力搶救 | 美國新聞 | 全球觀察 | 聯合新聞網 http://udn.com/NEWS/WORLD/WOR6/7161146.shtml#ixzz1xnKQqepS 
Power By udn.com 
Posted at 03:11 PM ET, 06/14/2012

PostScript: Matt Miller on shafted youth

Matt Miller’s column yesterday on young people getting the shaft (can you dig it?) (Zing! People too young for that joke just got shafted again!) attracted 2,000 comments, 2,400 Facebook recommends and 150 tweets. So it was the hottest opinion piece yesterday despite not even being printed in the paper. Which, we are told, is a thing people used in the 20th century.

Miller says matters won’t get any better for us young people until we stop just being so cool and physically attractive and begin to exercise our political clout. The specific area of shaft involves government spending on debt and on old people, every dollar of which is not spent on young people, and, like, our health care and infrastructure.

The idea of a simple, either-or spending menu set up a storm of inter-generational conflict in the comments section and a counter-storm of would-be war profiteers who point out (mostly satirically) that society as a whole can all use this generational strife to our advantage! It all gets very Hunger Games. Which is a bunch of books, which are . . . never mind. First, let’s rouse a little rabble:

AdventurerVA had his or her day, by gum, and it was different from today:

With today’s tools — we didn’t even have calculators in college — innumerable opportunities do and will exist to create good jobs for young people. Nobody gets their future handed to them on a platter.

Femetro says that basically every generation gets shafted, so sharrup you kids:

If you think everyone before you in life graduated straight to the middle class and a 401k, think again. It is a total myth. You have a responsibility like previous generations had, only you are kidding yourself that they did not.

AnnsThought thinks the mentality of being shafted is just another entitlement the yoots take for granted. Older generations had to work for their grievances:

People over the age of 50 grew up with little and pulled themselves up by the bootstraps. We did not grow up with designer jeans, cellphones with personal ringtones, a computer and TV in our rooms, and $1000 prom nights. We provided plenty to this younger generation, and they feel entitled, and they’re ungrateful. We spoiled our kids, and now look what we get. Opinion columns like this.

B_Al_Zebub questions Miller’s whole thesis:

They were saying the young people were going to have to bail out SS when I was under twenty five. Now I’m sixty two and trying to retire, but between SS and my FERS retirement I will receive a grand total of 25K a year to live on. Do you think I want to hear I’m getting too much? I may just have to risk it, like I did when I was young and couldn’t afford anything, and when I get a serious disease, just resign to checking out. I might last another 10, or 20 years, if I’m lucky. I paid into the system since I was 16 years old. I feel entitled to at least a subsistence.

Okay, now we will hear from the yoots. They are roaring, in numbers too big to ignore, which is a paraphrase of a song lyric from back when pop music had lyrics like that and nobody laughed at it with great peals of derision (“Chilling by the fire while we’re eating fondue”). We must report, alas, that the youths are all saying pretty much the same thing, in the same way, a way that is well represented by Deiopei, who wholeheartedly agrees with Miller and wants to shaft the oldsters back:

I’m 27 and I know what’s happening and this author nailed it. I already posted this article on FB. I tell all my friends that we are pioneers. We are living in a world where the rules have changed and there are no real answers on how to get a job. We were not given the answers. Only the problems.

Okay, so let’s monetize the hopelessness and jealousy. Anyone?

Cz_man is willing to take on some indentured servants:

I have a modest proposal for those people trying to pay for college. Sure you can take out loans and all, but why not cut out the middleman?
Why not simply enslave yourself?
I’m sure a 1%er (or even a 5%er like myself) would be happy to fund your education in exchange for a period of indentured servitude and a percentage of your future wages. The magic of the private market would then kick into place as we would have a *vested interest* in seeing you succeed and ensuring that we received maximum compensation from your existence.

Hmm! That’s still pretty hopeful. Anyone else?

Billwald thinks we could do with another postwar, paranoid boom:

My best guess for young people? Build a bomb shelter and start WW3.

EB5000 quotes Thomas Jefferson. The quote isn’t exactly intergenerational but is pretty depressing!

“Experience demands that man is the only animal which devours his own kind, for I can apply no milder term to the general prey of the rich on the poor.”

Almost there. Can anyone take us all the way to dystopia?

SageThrasher can:

Soylent Green might take some of the sting away.

YES! A nationwide Soylent Green initiative, in which the young eat the old, to be operated with the unwitting generosity of people who don’t know the reference. As usual, we’ll be in our bunker.

By Rachel Manteuffel  |  03:11 PM ET, 06/14/2012 

Matt Miller
Matt Miller
Opinion Writer

Young Americans get the shaft

Hear me, Americans under 35!

There’s plenty that divides the parties in this pivotal election — from taxes to drones, from public workers to private equity. But there’s one uber-policy that brings Democrats and Republicans together that doesn’t get the attention it deserves.

Matt Miller

A senior fellow at the Center for American Progress and co-host of public radio’s “Left, Right & Center,” Miller writes a weekly column for The Post.

Archive

That policy involves you, younger Americans. You’re in big trouble. You don’t even know it. You’re busy trying to get a degree, land a job, start a family, save for a home. You don’t follow the news. But trust me — you’ve been taken for a ride by your elders.

The question isn’t whether such talk will stir up generational war. That’s already being waged — and you’re losing. The question is whether you’ll wake up and engage in a little generational self-defense. Let me see if I can motivate you.

How are you being swindled today? Let me count just some of the ways:

As many as 100 million Americans live in households today that are earning less than their parents did at a similar age. And this is happening well before we feel the full impact of global economic integration with rising economies like India and China.

Now, I can’t entirely blame the two political parties for this downward mobility — globalization and rapid technological change are the big culprits. But no one’s saying a word or doing a thing about it.

In 1980, a year at a public college cost about 12 percent of median family income; the maximum Pell grant covered 70 percent of that. Today, public colleges cost a staggering 26 percent of family income each year, and Pell grants cover at most a third. Republicans ignore this entirely. Democrats say that without their modest Pell grant boosts, things would be even worse.

They’re right. But does anyone think those teeny steps — or the sideshow over interest rates on student loans — is a remotely serious attempt to solve the problem of soaring student debt?

The job market for young people is a disaster, the toll of a burst financial and housing bubble that both parties let fester. The crisis has reached the point where years of unpaid labor (in the form of internships) have become a way of life for millions of Americans in their 20s.

Our K-12 schools have slid from the best in the world to mediocre under both Republican and Democratic presidents and governors. That’s largely because for decades we’ve embraced a bipartisan policy of recruiting middling students to become teachers.

Our roads, bridges, sewers, airports and power grids desperately need upgrades. Our investments in research and development as a share of our economy trail that of our peers. Republicans don’t seem to care. Democrats care enough to propose token sums that would fund a fraction of the need.

There’s no cash for such investments in the future because pension and health-care programs for seniors (plus a bloated Pentagon) take up so much of the budget. At the federal level, seven dollars go to programs supporting elderly consumption for every dollar invested in people under 18. Nationally (after taking account of the fact that most education is paid for at the state and local level), the ratio is still 2 1 / to one.



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家庭投票 才是正道(轉貼)沙國婦女獲參政權 美表歡迎
2011/09/26 21:20 推薦0


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沙國婦女獲參政權 美表歡迎
2011-09-26 新聞速報 【中央社】
 沙烏地阿拉伯賦予女性投票權及地方議會參選權,白宮今天對此表示歡迎,稱許此舉是邁向沙烏地阿拉伯婦女權利的「重要一步」。

 白宮國家安全會議(NSC)發言人費艾托(Tommy Vietor)說:「我們歡迎沙烏地阿拉伯國王阿布杜拉(Abdullah)今天的宣布,即女性下一屆將可加入諮議會(Shura Council)成為正式成員,並將可參與市議會選舉。」

 費艾托說:「這些改革承認了沙烏地婦女對沙國社會的重要貢獻,提供了她們參與決定的新方法,這些決定不但影響她們的生活,也影響她們的社區。」

 費艾托指出,「今天的宣布,代表了朝擴大沙烏地阿拉伯婦女權利邁進的重要一步,我們支持阿布杜拉國王和沙烏地人民,著手進行這些和其他的改革。」

 沙烏地阿拉伯國王阿布杜拉今天裁示,賦予女性投票權及地方議會參選權。預料長期鼓吹擴大沙國婦女權利的維權人士,將會大表歡迎。

 除了角逐市議會選舉,女性未來也將有權加入諮議會成為正式成員,這等於滿足了沙國維權人士的1項主要訴求。

 阿布杜拉在諮議會發表演說時表示:「我們不希望女性在社會上遭到邊緣化,因而歷經商議後,決定將女性納入諮議會,就從下一屆開始。」

 他並且說:「沙烏地婦女未來也可以參加市議會選舉,甚至擁有投票權。」

 沙烏地女性若未獲得男性家屬准許,至今仍不能自由出外旅遊、工作或接受醫療手術。此外,她們也不准開車。沙國維權人士因此長期奮戰,爭取賦予女性更大權利。

 不過,這些改變都要等到29日的市議會選舉後才實施。這次選舉女性仍無投票權和參選權。1000926
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(轉貼)饒穎奇:中華民族需要自己的民主制度
2009/10/25 09:50 推薦0


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饒穎奇:中華民族需要自己的民主制度

世界自由民主聯盟總會長饒穎奇今天在馬尼拉表示,世界自由民主聯盟總會目前正在積極研究一套適合中華民族的的民主制度。

饒穎奇向中央社記者表示,台灣與中國目前的民主制度都各有演進、改善的空間,台灣充份實現西方的民主,但好的、壞的都學到很多,這不一定是好現象;而中國大陸是社會主義國家,民主發展更是落後。

饒穎奇說,即使是創建社會主義中國的毛澤東也講過要民主,現在中國也逐漸地自由了,將來中華民族要怎麼樣走向民主自由的國家,自己要拿出一套有中華文化基礎的民主制度。

但饒穎奇澄清,他理想中的「有中華文化基礎的民主制度」,不等同於中國目前的「社會主義式民主」。

他說,怎麼樣的民主才是適合中華民族的民主,世盟將結合台商、學者對此作共同地、持續地研討。

與此同時,曾多次訪問中國大陸並發表演說的饒穎奇強調,台灣必須與中國大陸往來,有接觸、有交流、做朋友才能取得對方信任,才能在潛移默化中把民主觀念帶給對方。

饒穎奇正在馬尼拉參加2009年世界自由民主聯盟年會暨亞洲太平洋自由民主聯盟第55屆大會。

【2009/10/24 中央社】


世盟總會長

Image







姓名:饒穎奇 
英文姓名:Yao, Eng-Chi 
性別:男 
生日:11/ 05,1934 
學歷:中興大學社會學系
革命實踐研究院黨政建設研究班十三期結業 

現職: 
世界自由民主聯盟總會長 

經歷: 
立法院副院長
中國國民黨中央常務委員
連任八屆立法委員
中國國民黨中央政策委員會執行長
國際社會福利協會中華民國總會理事長、名譽理事長
世界自由民主聯盟中華民國總會理事長

 

 

世盟副總會長

Image









姓名:顧拉克(澳洲) 
英文姓名:Bruce Goodluck
性別:男 
生日:14 May, 1933 
學歷:保險及市場行銷學位

現職:
 世盟總會副會長

經歷: 澳洲國會議員(7屆)
           世盟澳洲分會會長

 


世盟秘書長


 


 

 

 


世盟副秘書長

Image









姓名:盧欽科(俄羅斯) 
英文姓名:Dr. Nicholas I. Zhdanoff-Lutsenko
性別:男 
生日:
March 31, 1954 
學歷:莫斯科大學亞非研究所
           
IFES博士

現職:教授
          
 
經歷: 俄羅斯總統府政治諮詢委員會外交政策秘書
            克里米亞外交部長
            克里米亞總統顧問

 

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這就是家主政治的家庭投票方式(轉貼)消費券 每戶可委託一人代表
2009/01/20 09:42 推薦0


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消費券 今到手 帶齊證件省時輕鬆領 每戶可委託一人代表

  • 2009-01-18
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  • 中國時報
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  • 【羅暐智、黃如萍/台北報導】

3600元全民有份▲因應消費券18日的發放作業,各發放所主任在17日分赴指定郵局點交會封消費券。各地的消費券發放處,工作人員也正忙著布置發放會場及各項的準備工作。(陳君瑋、謝明祚攝)

3600元全民有份▲因應消費券18日的發放作業,各發放所主任在17日分赴指定郵局點交會封消費券。各地的消費券發放處,工作人員也正忙著布置發放會場及各項的準備工作。(陳君瑋、謝明祚攝)

     全國民眾引頸期待的消費券,今天終於可以領到手了!自上午八時起,民眾持新式國民身分證、印章、通知單到指定的領券所,就可領到三千六百元消費券。為了避免民眾排隊等候時間過長,內政部建議照通知單規畫的時段,每戶集中委託一人代表領取,就可輕輕鬆鬆領到消費券。

     特別提醒,消費券背面有簽註欄位,這是收券商家要向財政部兌換現金要填寫的欄位,並不是像支票須簽名背書才可使用,民眾切記勿簽上大名與個人資料,一旦簽上大名,消費券雖不會作廢,但商家可拒收,徒增糾紛。

     本次消費券發放是憑「證」領「券」,因是史上第一次發消費券,很多民眾都想親自領取,不過,領取民眾需年滿廿歲或已婚者,因此,民國七十八年一月十九日後出生的民眾,除已婚外,只能由父母或法定代理人代領。

     領取消費券的民眾,出門前應確認是否攜帶新式國民身分證、印章與通知單,要替同戶家人代領,需要攜帶家人的身份證,如家中孩童尚未申領新式身分證,則用戶口名簿或戶籍謄本佐證。如未攜帶印章,可捺手印或簽名。

     據內政部統計,仍有五萬多位民眾未換發新式身分證,全國戶政事務所為此今天特別破例上班。因此,民眾今天仍可至戶政機關辦理換發或臨時身分證明,以及戶口名簿或戶籍謄本。內政部長廖了以昨日複誦領券七字訣,「領券請帶通知單、身分證明加印章、全戶委託同一張、集中代領省時光、上午下午有區分、分散排隊更順暢」,並籲規畫在下午領券的民眾,提前在三點半左右到領券所。

     下午五時一到,領券所就不接受繼續進場排隊領券,五時前已抵達領券所的民眾,可繼續排隊領取,不受時間限制。廖了以預估,今日領券率可達七成五以上。

     所有領券作業結束後,工作人員會在人員名冊上未領取的人名上加蓋「尚未領取」戳記,並且逐一清點剩餘的消費券,確認無誤後將消費券與名冊運回原存放郵局金庫續存,直至二月七日下午一時卅分起,再由郵局展開下階段發放領取作業。

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