據英國《每日郵報》網站7月23日報道,來自香港中文大學的黃愛琳(音譯)和她的同事做了一項研究,結果表明如果已婚夫婦的工作單位在同一個方向,他們感覺婚姻更幸福,因為這讓夫妻雙方感覺到他們有共同的人生奮鬥目標。
在這項研究中,研究人員做了2項調查。在第一個調查中,他們詢問了280位居住在美國的已婚上班族,這些人平均年齡為33歲、平均婚齡是8年。調查結果表明,上班方向一致的夫妻對婚姻的幸福感明顯更強,並且這種幸福感不會受到一些其它因素的影響,如結婚時間的長短、小孩的數目、工資水平以及花在上班路上的時間等。
在第二個調查中,研究者們在香港採訪了139位已婚上班族,其平均年齡為42歲、平均婚齡是13年。調查結果與美國相似,並且這一結果也不受上下班時間是否一致的影響,也就是說上下班路途中夫妻雙方是否有機會溝通交流並不會影響這種幸福感。
近日一篇網路文章談到老外娶大陸老婆的6大下場,包括:娶到大陸太太等於娶她全家、沒有隱私、啥都敢吃等生活經歷,語調詼諧逗趣,引發300多萬網友熱烈討論,連大陸已婚男子都認同此觀點。
《老外含淚訴說─娶中國太太的下場!》文章出自網友「北美崔哥」的部落格,文章聲稱採訪了「N多個」娶大陸太太的老外,以第一人稱道出「娶大陸老婆的6大下場」。
一結婚 岳家全來住
下場一,家被大陸人占領了。娶了一個大陸太太,就等於娶了她全家,不到半年,她爹,她媽,她二姊,二姊的孩子就全來了。我好幾代從來沒見過一個圓底炒鍋,現在我們家廚房裡有兩個。打開抽屜一看,除了3副刀叉,剩下全是筷子,折磨的我呀,都會用筷子夾花生了。
下場二,再也沒有隱私了。某天我正坐在馬桶上方便,老岳父推門就進來了,一邊洗手一邊和我練英文:「How are you?And you?」有時在書房沙發上睡著,老岳母就像貓一樣摸到我身邊,往我腿上扔一條被子,然後在我腿上拍一遍;好幾次都拍錯了地方。
家具求好看 常坐垮
下場三,家裡哪都不敢碰。好好的樓梯,厚厚的地毯,大陸太太在地毯上蒙了一層塑膠布。後來我仔細一看,家裡所有容易招土的東西全蓋上塑膠布了,比如,遙控器、鋼琴鍵盤等等。而美國人喜歡家具生活化,但大陸人的家具主要是給別人看的,坐上去又硬又涼。我們老外身高體胖,我都坐塌3把大陸的古典太師椅了。大陸人的茶具更嚇人,小得跟印度佛龕小鈴鐺似的,讓我拿那玩意喝茶,喝300多杯我還口渴呢。
下場四,大陸人啥都敢吃。我愛吃他們做的所有東西,就是別告訴我吃的是什麼。這麼說吧,所有帶眼睛並且能用眼睛看我的動物我都不吃。
下場五,千萬別和大陸太太吵架。最可怕的是她們的記憶力超強,一點小事得罪她,就開始回憶10年前一模一樣的某件事。如果得罪美國太太,大不了說句「sorry」,你要是和大陸太太說「我錯了」,她馬上會問你:「錯哪了?」大陸太太天生有一種改造男人的使命,她不但要改造你,更想占有和支配你的全部時間。
樣樣精 逼童學才藝
下場六,把自己的孩子逼死。大陸人對自己的孩子下手可狠了,逼著他們從小學鋼琴,學武術,學芭蕾,最好18歲就把博士碩士都讀完,跳過青春期,直接進入中年,30歲退休,40歲就與世長辭了。
文章最後還寫道:我和我太太講為什麼大陸人不會享受生活,不願享受生活,非要自己給自己找罪受。她說,對了,我們大陸人就願意保健身體,健健康康地長壽著,這樣才能在這個世界上受更多的罪。
Four Family Cultures of America Identified
ScienceDaily (Nov. 15, 2012)-- Four types of family cultures --the Faithful, the Engaged Progressives, the Detachedandthe American Dreamers-- are molding the next generation of Americans, a three-year study by the University of Virginia's Institute for Advanced Studies in Culture finds.
The project findings are being released November 15 at a national conference in Washington, D.C.
Each type represents a complex configuration ofmoral beliefs, valuesanddispositions-- oftenimplicitand rarelyarticulatedin daily life -- largelyindependent ofbasicdemographic factors, such asrace, ethnicityandsocial class, the "Culture of American Families" study reports.
Most parenting research of the past 30 years, which undergirds notions of "tiger mothers" and "helicopter parents," has been based in psychology and focused onparenting styles, said project co-director James Davison Hunter, LaBrosse-Levinson Distinguished Professor of Religion, Culture and Social Theory and executive director of the institute.
This study, funded by an $850,000 grant from the John Templeton Foundation, goes beyond parenting styles "to tell the complex story ofparents'habits, dispositions, hopes, fears, assumptions and expectationsfor theirchildren," Hunter said.
"Though largely invisible, these family cultures are powerful, constituting theworldsthat children areraised in, and may well be more consequential than parenting styles," he said.
The report is based on data collected in two stages from September 2011 through March 2012, explained project co-director Carl Desportes Bowman, director of survey research at the institute.
First, a nationally representative sample of3,000parents of school-aged children completed an online one-hour survey. Then follow-up, in-person interviews were conducted with 101 of the survey respondents. The 90-minute interviews complemented the survey with open-ended questions designed to elicit parents' implicit and explicitstrategiesandassumptions.
The many factors that make up family cultures were distilled using the statistical technique ofdata cluster analysisto reveal four different family culture types:
The Faithful
The Faithful (20 percent of American parents) adhere to a divine and timeless morality, handed down through Christianity, Judaism or Islam, giving them a strong sense of right and wrong. Understanding human nature as "basically sinful" and seeing moral decline in the larger society, including in the public schools, the Faithful seek to defend and multiply the traditional social and moral order by creating it within their homes and instilling it in their children, with support from their church community. Raising "children whose lives reflect God's purpose" is a more important parenting goal than their children's eventual happiness or career success.
Engaged Progressives
For Engaged Progressives (21 percent of parents), morality centers around personal freedom and responsibility. Having sidelined God as morality's author, Engaged Progressives see few moral absolutes beyond the Golden Rule. They value honesty, are skeptical about religion and are often guided morally by their own personal experience or what "feels right" to them. Politically liberal and the least religious of all family types, they are generally optimistic about today's culture and their children's prospects. Aiming to train their children to be "responsible choosers," Engaged Progressives strategically allow their children freedom at younger ages than other parents. By age 14, their children have complete information about birth control, by 15 they are surfing the Web without adult supervision, and by age 16 they are watching R-rated movies.
The Detached
The parenting strategy of The Detached (21 percent of parents) can be summarized as: Let kids be kids and let the cards fall where they may. The Detached are primarily white parents with blue-collar jobs, no college degree and lower household income. Pessimistic about the future and their children's opportunities, they report lower levels of marital happiness, and do not feel particularly close to their children. They feel they are in a "losing battle with all the other influences out there" and it shows in their practices. They spend less than two hours a day interacting with their children, they do not routinely monitor their children's homework, and they report lower grades for their children. When they do have dinner together as a family it is often in front of the TV.
American Dreamers
American Dreamers (27 percent of parents) are defined by their optimism about their children's abilities and opportunities. These parents, with relatively low household income and education, pour themselves into raising their children and providing them every possible material and social advantage. They also invest much effort protecting them from negative social influences and shaping their children's moral character. This is the most common family culture among blacks and Hispanics, with each group making up about a quarter of American Dreamers. American Dreamers describe their relationships with their children as "very close" and express a strong desire to be "best friends" with their children once they are grown.
The study also identified a number of major trends in parenting and family culture. Contrary to much popular discussion of "the death of character," American parents of all stripes want their children to becomeloving, honestandresponsibleadults ofhigh moral character.
Despite a widespread perception among parents that American family life has declined since they were growing up, parents report that their own families and children are doing very well. Unlike many parents in the 1960s who faced a "generation gap," today's parents believe their children largely share their values. Most family arguments and strife center around mundane, day-to-day issues like doing chores.
Many parents are less confident in authoritarian forms of discipline, so they turn to constant communication and close relationships to influence their children. Parents walk the fine line of wanting to be strict, but also wanting to be close friends and confidants of their children.
While parents worry about all sorts of challenges to their children's development and vitality, they are unlikely to identify their own children as struggling with such challenges, including obesity, below-average academic performance, drugs or alcohol, or other risky behaviors. This "not my kids" reality gap may be linked to parental closeness and identification with their children.
Most parents are effectively "going it alone," reporting a very thin support network. Many parents feel helpless to keep negative external influences at bay as children gain ever-increasing exposure and access to the Internet, on-demand movies, Facebook and other technologies.
Story Source
The above story is reprinted frommaterialsprovided byUniversity of Virginia, via Newswise.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121115152546.htm
出處:美國社會中四種不同的家庭文化 - ScienceDaily - 時事論壇 - udn城市https://city.udn.com/2976/4892528#ixzz2Cc5bT1ng