Paris Partygoers, Bored and Short on Cash, Look to Suburbs
巴黎太無聊 跑趴族改衝郊區
By Benoît Morenne

In a darkened makeshift theater in a former movie studio, dozens of 20-somethings recently sipped beer from plastic cups as they watched a film about their shared passion: the rise of suburban dance parties.
不久之前，在一處已經停用的電影片廠內一個暗黑的臨時電影院裡，數十名20來歲的青年邊喝著塑膠杯裝的啤酒，邊看著電影，電影的主題與他們的共同愛好有關，也就是郊區舞會的興起。

Even before the projector stopped and the film’s soundtrack ended, a rising bass line of techno music drove the crowd toward an expansive dance floor, where a full-fledged party broke out at Espace Albatros, an arts center in Montreuil, a suburb east of Paris.
還等不到投影機停止與電影配樂結束，一個不斷上升的低音鐵克諾音樂已把這群人趕向一個寬廣的舞池，而一場不折不扣的派對就這麼在巴黎東郊蒙特勒伊的信天翁藝術中心驀然展開了。

Though most major European cities have lively urban party scenes – Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg in Berlin and Leidseplein in Amsterdam – Paris has witnessed much of its night life decamp to the socially and historically estranged suburbs, like Montreuil.
大多數歐洲主要城市都有舉行熱鬧城市派對的場地，例如柏林的腓特烈斯海因-十字山區，以及阿姆斯特丹的萊茲廣場，巴黎的夜生活卻有很大一部分撤往跟社會以及歷史有所隔閡的郊區，像是蒙特勒伊。

There, a new generation of partygoers have homed in on local communities, establishing a cheaper, more energetic alternative to the mainstream urban dance clubs.
新一代的派對族群已向郊外的地方社區聚集，並且正在打造比主流城市舞蹈俱樂部更便宜、更有活力的替代品。

“They’ve been bored with the parties that used to be in Paris,” said Leny Decret, a 26-year-old junior manager at a digital advertising agency. He is a co-founder of Tangible Utopia, a music collective that produced the documentary film shown at Espace Albatros.
26歲的數位廣告機構襄理萊尼．德克黑說：「他們對巴黎的派對已經感到厭煩。」他是「有形烏托邦」音樂社的共同創辦人，而在信天翁藝術中心播出的紀錄片就是這家音樂社製作的。

Decret’s parents came to watch the documentary and told him the whole phenomenon had a hippie vibe, he said.
德克黑說，他的父母來看了紀錄片，並告訴他這整體現象帶有嬉皮味。

“Maybe it’s this thing about coming together for real, sharing a moment,” he said.
他說：「也許正是因為大家真正一起來，共享時光這回事。」

The shift of the dance party scene from the city to the outskirts started around 2009, when a headline in Le Monde called Paris the “European capital of boredom.”
舞會的場景從城市轉往郊區始於2009年，當時世界報的標題稱巴黎為「歐洲的無聊之都」。

In an effort to revive the city’s after-dark appeal, Eric Labbe, a record-store owner turned dance-club promoter, started an online petition to urge city authorities to ease strict noise ordinances and improve late-night public transportation. His effort garnered 16,000 signatures, but it did little to loosen public restrictions.
為了重振巴黎入夜後的吸引力，從唱片行老闆變為舞蹈俱樂部推廣人的艾希克．拉貝展開網路請願活動，呼籲市政府當局鬆綁嚴格的噪音管制條例，並改善深夜的公共運輸。他的努力獲得16000人連署，對鬆綁公共限制卻沒起什麼作用。

So young and mostly middle-class Parisians banded together to establish informal collectives of musicians and other artistic types to perform regularly at venues in suburbs, with immigrant and working-class histories.
於是，巴黎多屬中產階級的年輕人聯合起來，組成了非正式的音樂及其他藝術類型的團體，在具有移民和工人階級背景的郊區場地定期表演。

“There’s an adventurous side to going beyond the peripherique to party,” said Labbe, who manages public relations for the Zig Zag club in the 8th Arrondissement of Paris, referring to the ring road that separates the French capital from its suburbs.
提到將法國首都與郊區隔開的環形道路時，巴黎第八區Z字型舞步俱樂部公關主管拉貝說：「越過環城大道去辦派對有著冒險的一面。」

Organizers of these suburban dance-music festivals have created a more open, free-spirited milieu than the exclusive – and expensive – club scene in Paris.
這些郊區舞蹈音樂節的籌辦者，已經締造了一個比巴黎高貴也昂貴的俱樂部更開放、更自由奔放的環境與氛圍。

原文參照：
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/04/world/europe/paris-partygoers-bored-and-short-on-cash-turn-suburbs-into-movable-fete.html

2016-08-28．聯合報．D2．紐約時報賞析．陳韋廷譯

說文解字看新聞 陳韋廷

派對是巴黎人重要的生活內容，但近年新一代派對族群對於巴黎的派對已感厭煩，加上金錢方面的考量，紛紛轉戰郊區，尋求更便宜、更寬敞，而且更具有活力的派對場地。

Partygoer在文中譯作「派對族群」，意指熱中於參加派對聚會的人，其中goer在這當字根用，指的是經常去某個特定地方之人，而在英文中類似組成的單字還有很多，例如moviegoer（常看電影的人）、beachgoer（常去海灘的人）、churchgoer（常去教堂做禮拜的人）、racegoer（經常去看賽馬或賽車的人）等等。

此外，舉辦派對的英文常見說法有give/hold/host/throw a party，其中throw a party為口語用法，而party thrower則指籌辦派對的人。例句：The party was initiated by a girl who lives at the home and was given permission to throw a party by her parents.（這場派對由住在這間民宅的一個女孩所發起舉辦，並獲得她的父母同意）

New York City’s Medical Schools Will Stop Using Unclaimed Bodies
紐約8所醫學院 不再解剖無主遺體
By Nina Bernstein

The eight medical schools in New York City will no longer accept the city’s unclaimed bodies as cadavers, forswearing a practice that dates back to the 19th century, the schools announced on Wednesday. And a group representing the 16 medical schools in the state is withdrawing its opposition to a recently passed bill that would end the educational use of bodies with no known survivors.
紐約市8所醫學院周三（10日）宣布，不再以該市無人認領的遺體為解剖用大體，拋棄這種始自19世紀的作法。一個代表紐約州16所醫學院的團體也表示，不再反對近日通過的一項法案，該法案規定不得再把沒有遺屬的屍體用於教學。

The announcements, made in a statement by the Associated Medical Schools of New York, reflect the changing politics and practicalities of acquiring bodies for dissection in a time of public sensitivity to inequality and informed consent.
紐約醫學院聯合協會透過聲明宣布了這個決定，反映出在大眾對不平等與知情同意十分在意的當下，獲取解剖大體的策略和實作已經有了改變。

New York-based medical schools, which train more students than those in any other state, have had a dwindling need for unclaimed bodies in recent years as their body donation programs grew. Still, the association strongly opposed a bill this year that would require written consent from a spouse or next of kin before city officials could release an unclaimed body to a school, unless the deceased had already registered as a body donor. It cited a current shortfall of 38 cadavers out of about 800 typically used to teach future doctors each year.
紐約州的醫學院訓練的學生多過美國任何其他州，這些學校近年由於自行建置的大體捐贈系統發展良好，使用無人認領遺體的需求不斷降低。儘管如此，該協會仍強烈反對今年通過的一項法案，該法案規定在市府官員將無人認領的遺體交給學校之前，需先取得配偶或近親書面同意，除非死者本已註記為大體捐贈者。該協會指出，目前每年通常約需800具大體供醫學院學生教學用，卻短少38具。

But the bill passed both houses overwhelmingly in June, a month after a New York Times investigation highlighted provisions in the current law that give families as little as 48 hours to claim a relative’s body before the city must make it available for dissection or embalming practice.
該法案六月在州議會兩院以壓倒性票數通過，此前一個月紐約時報在一篇調查報導中特別指出，依照現行法令，家屬只有短短的48個小時去認領親人遺體，之後市政當局就必須准許將遺體供作解剖或防腐處理之用。

That bill is awaiting the signature of Gov. Andrew Cuomo, a Democrat, to become law. Now, the association says that medical schools can make up any shortfall by promoting their body donation programs. The two schools without such a program – CUNY College of Medicine and Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine – have both begun developing them, the association said. Traditionally, medical schools share donated cadavers with schools that run short.
該法案正等著民主黨籍州長郭謨簽署成為法律。如今該協會表示，各醫學院將藉由推展大體捐贈計畫來彌補任何短缺，紐約市立大學醫學院和杜魯大學骨科醫學院這兩所沒有類似計畫的學校，都已經開始設置這種計畫。傳統上，醫學院間會在受贈大體上互通有無。

“Donating your body to science is the ultimate gift a person can make,” Jo Wiederhorn, president of the medical schools association, said. “We can’t train future doctors without these donations, and, in many cases, we can’t make medical discoveries that lead to cures and life improvements without them.”
醫學院協會會長裘．韋德罕說：「將遺體捐給科學界是一個人能提供的極致贈禮。」她說：「少了這些捐贈，我們無法訓練未來的醫師，而且在許多情況下，少了它們，我們無法取得能夠幫助我們治療疾病、改善生活的醫學發現。」

原文參照：
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/11/nyregion/new-york-citys-medical-schools-will-stop-using-unclaimed-bodies.html

2016-08-28．聯合報．D2．紐約時報賞析．陳韻涵譯