Donald Trump’s Strange Worldview
By THE EDITORIAL BOARD

After landslide Republican primary victories, Donald Trump delivered a speech on Wednesday in Washington intended to clarify his foreign policy positions. That was needed, because his views on America’s role in the world have until now been expressed in tweets, interviews and remarks at rallies that have alarmed nearly every foreign ally of the United States.

No one’s fears are likely to be allayed by this speech, which was clearly worked up by his new campaign advisers and read from a teleprompter. It did not exhibit much grasp of the complexity of the world, understanding of the balance or exercise of power, or even a careful reading of history.

When one has a hammer, everything looks like a nail. And when one’s experience is limited to real estate deals, everything looks like a lease negotiation. Hearing Mr. Trump describe his approach to foreign relations, one imagines a group of nations sitting at a table with him at its head, rather like a scene from “The Apprentice,” with him demanding more money, more troops and policy changes in exchange for American protection, trade and friendship. And if he doesn’t get what he wants? “In negotiation, you must be willing to walk,” Mr. Trump said.

This unilateral approach makes for good television, but this is the real world, in which other nations have agendas, too. Mr. Trump says he is “going to be working very closely with our allies in the Muslim world, all of which are at risk from radical Islamic violence.” But how will he gain cooperation for his “unpredictable” war on the Islamic State while enforcing a “pause” that prevents Muslims from entering this country, and forcing those living here to register themselves?

How does one “apply leverage on China necessary to rein in North Korea,” while slapping a trade-killing tariff on Chinese imports? It’s correct that many of our NATO allies aren’t paying their agreed-upon share of its costs — but what happens to the United States’ overseas bases if we “walk?”

While trumpeting America’s role in winning World War II and the Cold War, Mr. Trump simultaneously pronounced that “America First,” the 1930s isolationist theme that he quoted without attribution, “will be the major and overriding theme of my administration.” He did not bother to square that with his vow not to “hesitate to deploy military force when there is no alternative.” He condemned “nation building,” but said he aims to build “regional stability,” without explaining the difference.

Mr. Trump decried a shrinking American military and the deterioration of the nuclear arsenal. But he did not say how he would further build up the military — which has a budget this year of nearly $600 billion — while cutting government spending, which he also wants to do. And he seems to be ignorant of the sweeping $1 trillion effort to revitalize the nuclear force that is already underway.

Mr. Trump repeatedly states outright falsehoods, often based on wrong assumptions. He’s been refuted before on his claim that the Islamic State is making “millions of dollars a week” by selling Libyan oil. There is zero evidence of that. The nuclear deal with the United States and other major powers has not made Iran a “great power,” nor has Tehran violated the conditions of that pact, as Mr. Trump has said.

Mr. Trump says he knows how to negotiate, and to him that seems to mean putting forward maximal positions that he can then walk back. That won’t work in foreign policy. Mr. Trump did not display any willingness to learn or to correct his past errors. For someone who claims he is ready to lead the free world, that is inexcusable.

談外交酸盟友 川普：美國優先

剛在超級星期二橫掃東北五州初選的共和黨總統參選人川普，廿七日中午在華盛頓大談外交政策，宣示將以「美國優先」（America first）為指標，還美國人一個將國家安全與人民利益放在首位的外交政策。

痛批歐巴馬

川普以「甩掉美國外交政策的鏽壞」（shake the rust off）開場，在四十分鐘演說中數度點名總統歐巴馬和曾任國務卿，幾可篤定成為民主黨總統候選人的希拉蕊，痛斥兩人外交政策「無遠見、無戰略目標、無方向及連續性」，讓盟邦絕望幻滅，讓敵人膽大妄為，是「徹頭徹尾的災難」。

一改往日脫稿演講風格，川普事先準備好演講稿，並首次使用提詞器，似乎在向外界傳遞自己也具大將之風的總統形象，也首次完整闡述他的外交政策主軸。美國有線電視新聞網（CNN）分析，川普這場演說鎖定三個群體：一是質疑他缺乏外交歷練的共和黨主流派，二是對民主黨外交政策不滿的共和黨游移選民，三是死忠支持者。

川普承諾將加強建軍、迅速摧毀「伊斯蘭國」、否決讓美國綁手綁腳的貿易協定。川普說：「美國將再度強大，再度偉大。我們終於有一個基於美國利益與盟國共同利益，具一致性的外交政策……世人必須知道美國到海外不是為了樹敵。化敵為友，老友變盟友，是我們所樂見，我們要把和平帶到全世界。」

紐時評政見：理念混雜矛盾

紐約時報分析，川普的外交政策演說是各種理念的大雜燴，充滿矛盾。例如他說要儘速殲滅伊斯蘭國，又說動武是最後手段。

川普批評美國在歐洲與亞洲的盟友並未承擔應有的防衛責任，表示將召開峰會重新調整北約組織目標、再平衡美國與日韓的核安協定。

川普說，「我們保護的這些國家必須為自己的防務承擔費用。如果做不到這一點，美國準備讓它們自己保衛自己。我們別無選擇。」

除了矢言擊敗中東的伊斯蘭極端分子，川普提到美國與最重要對手—中國與俄羅斯的關係。他表示要顛覆「中國對美國就業及財富的攻擊」，利用美國的經濟實力，讓中國與美國觀念立場一致。川普並承諾修復與中國的關係，指強大的美國能獲得中國更多尊重，但表示如果行不通，將揚長而去，「我們要麼雙贏，要麼分道揚鑣」。

但對於美中分道揚鑣後，將給美國帶來的經濟與國家安全後果，他未多做說明。

原文參照：
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/27/us/after-missteps-us-tightens-rules-for-national-security-cases.html

2016-04-29．聯合報．A15．國際．聯合報系華府記者羅曉媛、編譯張佑生