New Chapter for Classic Paris Bookstore: Books Printed on Demand
隨選印刷 巴黎書店跟上潮流
By Ciara Nugent

Gauthier Charrier, a graphic design student, stepped inside one of Paris’ newest bookstores and wondered, “Where are all the books?”
平面設計學生高提耶．夏希艾踏進巴黎一家最新書店時，心想：「所有的書都到哪裡去了？」

“I saw this empty, open space – just a couple of stools – and I wondered, ‘Did someone mess up’ ” Charrier, 20, said.
20歲的夏希艾說：「我看到這個空蕩蕩的開放空間－只有兩張椅凳。心想：『是不是有人搞砸了什麼。』」

No one messed up.
沒人搞砸任何事。

The pronounced stock shortage inside the Librairie des Puf, run by the publisher University Press of France, or Les Puf for short, is not the result of an ordering mistake, but the heart of the shop’s business model.
法國大學出版社經營的這家「法國大學出版社書店」，裡面顯然沒有任何存書，它不是訂書過程出錯的結果，反倒是這家書店商業模式的核心所在。

There are books, but they are not delivered in advance from wholesalers. They are printed on request, before the customer’s very eyes, on an Espresso Book Machine. On Demand Books, the U.S. company that manufactures the machine, chose the name as a nod to an activity you can complete in the five minutes it takes to print a book: Have a quick coffee.
店中有書，只是不再由批發商事先遞送。它們應顧客要求才印製，而且就在顧客眼前，從一部「濃縮咖啡印書機」印出。製造這部機器的美國公司「隨選圖書」選擇此一名稱，是認為你可在列印一本書所需的這5分鐘內，完成這項活動：來杯快速咖啡。

Labeled, not so modestly, the “Gutenberg press of the 21st century” by its creators, the machine sits in a back corner of the shop, humming as it turns PDFs into paperbacks. Customers use tablets to select the titles for print – adding, if they want to, their own handwritten inscriptions – while sipping coffee in the light and airy storefront in the Latin Quarter of Paris.
機器的創造人不太謙虛，將它標榜為「21世紀的古騰堡印刷機」，機器位於書店後方一個角落，它將PDF檔案轉換成平裝本時，會發出低鳴聲。顧客使用平板電腦選擇列印的書籍－若有需要，還可添加自己手寫的題詞 － 同時可在巴黎拉丁區一個光亮且通風的店面內啜飲咖啡。

“The customers are all surprised,” said the shop’s director, Alexandre Gaudefroy. “At first, they’re a little uncomfortable with the tablets. After all, you come to a bookshop to look at books. But thanks to the machine and the tablets, the customer holds a digital library in their hands.”
書店負責人亞歷山德．戈德法說：「顧客們都很訝異，最初，他們對使用平板有些不自在。畢竟，來書店是為了能看到書。但是拜機器和平板電腦所賜，顧客手中現在擁有一座數位圖書館。」

From a business standpoint, Gaudefroy said, “I don’t have to worry about space for the stock. We’re in a space which measures less than 80 meters squared (about 861 square feet), and I can offer readers as many titles as I want.”
從商業角度來看，戈德法說：「我不再為庫存空間擔心。我們的空間不到80平方公尺（約861平方英尺，編按：約24坪），而且我想提供多少書給讀者就有多少書。」

And that is a lot of titles. All 5,000 books published by Les Puf are available, as well as an additional 3 million books compiled by On Demand Books, including titles from 10 large U.S. publishers and the public domain.
書目還真不少。法國大學出版社所出版的5000本書盡在其中，另外還有由「隨選圖書」彙集的300萬冊書，包括來自美國10大出版商和公共領域的書籍。

Les Puf’s prestige in the industry has helped it secure even more titles – a group of French publishers are expected to hand over PDFs of their titles in a few weeks.
法國大學出版社在業界的口碑有助該社吸引更多書籍加入。一批法國出版商預計幾星期內送出他們書籍PDF檔案。

“What’s really exciting is that, thanks to the on-demand model, we can revive old titles, which we previously hadn’t bothered with because they’d only sell five or 10 copies in a year,” Gaudefroy said. “On-demand, it’s a new economy for us.”
戈德法說：「真正令人興奮的是，拜隨選模式所賜，我們可讓舊書復活，之前我們不會這樣做，它們1年只賣5或10本。隨選，對我們而言，是一種新經濟模式。」

原文參照：
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/13/business/international/new-chapter-for-classic-paris-bookstore-books-printed-on-demand.html

2016-07-03/聯合報/D2版/紐約時報賞析 王麗娟譯

說文解字看新聞 王麗娟

今年3月，法國大學出版社（Puf）在巴黎開設了首家隨選印刷（print on demand，POD）書店，也是歐洲第一家，腳步落後台灣許多，但這家書店的出現，多少彌補了Puf在巴黎讀者心中留下的缺憾。Puf已成立95年，1999年迫於趨勢關閉了在巴黎第五區歷史悠久的實體書店（physical bookstore），令愛書之徒扼腕。新開張的Puf書店在巴黎原址附近，只是進門時已聞不到書香。

法國人對美食十分執著，對圖書亦然。法國有多達2500至3000家獨立書店，其中約500家在網路銷售圖書。為支持圖書和獨立書店，法國不僅將圖書統一定價，到任何書店買書價格都相同，所有書店的圖書還一概不打折，且免費郵寄。在大型網路書店如亞馬遜開始危及法國獨立書店生路時，法國2013年修法，要求零售商在銷售新書時，不能同時提供5%的折扣和免費郵寄。

台灣文化部去年也提出「圖書統一定價」政策藍圖，幕後推手也是獨立書店，隨即在出版界引發論戰，目前還無定論。

print on demand有多個中文辭彙，包括隨選印刷、隨選列印、按需印刷、應需印刷，延伸出的字彙包括book(s) on demand（圖書隨選），article(s) on demand（篇章隨選），是on-demand economy（隨選經濟）中提供的on-demand service （隨選服務）之一。

World War II Is the Latest Lure in Novels for Young Readers
二戰主題小說 年輕讀者的新歡
By Alexandra Alter

After a decades-long wave of blockbuster novels about wizards, vampires and dystopias, the latest trend in children’s literature is surprisingly old. Historical fiction about World War II is having a renaissance.
巫師、吸血鬼和反烏托邦的暢銷小說大行其道數十年後，兒童文學的最新趨勢是令人吃驚的老題材。二次大戰的歷史小說正掀起一場文藝復興。

“We’re seeing more publishing on it than we ever have before,” said David Levithan, the vice president and publisher of Scholastic, noting that this is a topic “that across the board is popular with kids of all ages.”
「學術 」出版社副總裁兼發行人大衛．李文森說：「我們看到這個題材的出版量多到前所未見。」他說，這個題材「大小通吃，受到所有年齡孩子的喜愛。」

“It’s a story with unambiguous good guys and bad guys,” he said.
他說：「這是好人、壞人黑白分明的故事。」

This year, Scholastic is publishing seven middle-grade and young-adult novels set in the period, including Alan Gratz’s “Projekt 1065,” about a boy who joined the Hitler Youth as a spy, and “The Darkest Hour,” Caroline Tung Richmond’s novel about a teenage spy in France.
今年，「學術」準備出版7本給8到12歲和13到18歲讀者看的小說，背景都是二戰時期，包括艾倫．葛拉茲的《1065計畫》，描繪一名男孩以間諜身分混入「希特勒青年團」，而卡洛琳．唐恩．里奇蒙的小說《最黑暗的時刻》，是法國一名青少年間諜的故事。

World War II has always captivated readers, and authors and publishers say the subject has the rare potential to draw men and women as well as young and old readers to a single title.
二戰題材一向能抓住讀者，作家和出版商說，這個題材具有非常難得的潛力，能讓同一本書男女老少皆宜。

“World War II really opens up the market,” said novelist Kristin Hannah, whose 2015 novel, “The Nightingale,” about women in the French Resistance, has sold more than 2 million copies.
小說家克麗絲汀．漢娜說：「二戰真的打開了市場。」她2015年出版的小說《夜鶯》，敘述法國反納粹地下組織「法國抵抗運動」女性的故事，銷售超過2百萬冊。

World War II stories may hold a special appeal because this was a conflict that young people got swept up in – as refugees, Resistance fighters and youth soldiers – as dire circumstances forced them to behave like adults.
二戰故事可能還有一種特別吸引力，因為它是年輕人也被捲入的一場衝突－變身難民、抵抗運動鬥士、少年兵，危殆的形勢迫使他們必須表現得像大人。

When Monica Hesse was 11, her father gave her a copy of “Hitler’s Willing Executioners.”
莫妮卡．海斯11歲時，父親給了她一本《希特勒心甘樂意的劊子手》。

Most preteens would have blanched at getting a more-than-600-page book about the Holocaust as a present. Hesse, who had read “The Diary Of Anne Frank” over and over, was riveted by it.
多數青春期前的小孩拿到的禮物是本厚達600多頁，談納粹大屠殺的書籍，可能嚇得臉色發白。但對《安妮的日記》百讀不厭的海斯，被它深深吸引。

“My parents knew that was what I was interested in,” said Hesse, 34, a feature writer for The Washington Post.
海斯現年34歲，為華盛頓郵報撰寫特稿，她說：「我的父母知道那是我感興趣的東西。」

Now Hesse is hoping to hook other young readers on World War II stories with her young-adult novel, “Girl in the Blue Coat,” about a teenage girl in Nazi-occupied Amsterdam who joins the underground student resistance movement.
現在海斯希望能以她寫給13到18歲讀者的小說《藍外套女孩》吸引其他年輕讀者閱讀二戰故事，該書描述納粹占領下阿姆斯特丹一名十來歲少女，最後加入了學生地下抵抗運動。

This novel’s young heroine, Hanneke, sells goods on the black market to support her family. She reluctantly agrees to help one of her customers find Mirjam, a Jewish girl who was hiding in a friend’s pantry, then mysteriously disappeared. Hanneke’s search for Mirjam forces her to confront her own apathy and ignorance about the atrocities that have been taking place around her.
小說的年輕女主角漢妮克在黑市販賣商品以維持家人生計。她勉強同意幫一位客人尋找猶太女孩米莉安的下落，米莉安躲進朋友的食品儲藏室，後來神秘失蹤。漢妮克尋找米莉安時，被迫面對自己對發生在周遭暴行的冷漠和無知。

原文參照：
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/06/13/books/14novels-bring-world-war-ii-to-life-for-new-generation.html

2016-07-03/聯合報/D2版/紐約時報賞析 王麗娟譯