With Czechia, Czech Republic Hopes Vowels Will Solve Name Puzzle
By DAN BILEFSKY

The Czechs, pushed and pulled between East and West over the centuries, have long suffered from an identity crisis.

It doesn’t help that many foreigners consistently confuse their proud country, the Czech Republic, with its predecessor, Czechoslovakia, or its poorer cousin, Slovakia.

Or that, in 2013, some analysts mistakenly described the suspects in the Boston Marathon bombing as hailing from the Czech Republic — confusing it with Chechnya, a restive region of Russia nearly 2,000 miles away, and alarming Czech diplomats who issued a clarification.

So Czech leaders have proposed a new name that they hope will give the birthplace of Milan Kundera, Franz Kafka and Martina Navratilova greater recognition on the global stage: Czechia (pronounced CHECK-iya).

While the new name does not necessarily resolve the potential confusion with Chechnya — it might even cause more confusion, some critics say — proponents hope Czechia rolls off the tongue in English more easily than Czech Republic.

Variants that did not make the cut included “Czechlands,” “Bohemia” and, simply, “Czech.” (Pilsner Urquell, the storied beer maker, uses “Brewed in Czech” on its cans.)

“It’s not good when a country does not have any clearly defined symbols, or cannot say clearly what its name is,” Foreign Minister Lubomir Zaoralek said on Tuesday, unveiling the proposal. “It would be good to set the record straight once and for all. We owe this to ourselves and to the world.”

On Thursday, Czech officials said they would have the name added to the United Nations database of geographical names, which records country names in the world body’s six official languages.

Mr. Zaoralek had hoped to see Czechia on athletes’ jerseys at the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro this summer, but was dismayed to learn that uniforms emblazoned with “Czech Republic” had already been designed.

Mr. Zaoralek has found an ally in President Milos Zeman, who referred to his country as Czechia on a 2013 trip to Israel, saying it was shorter, “nicer” and less “cold-sounding” than the Czech Republic.

Proponents of the new name have already produced a website, “Go Czechia.” It notes that the name was used as early as 1634, and is derived from Latin.

“Czechia might sound strange to some people the first time they hear it, but so do numerous geographic names derived from foreign languages that are commonly used in English,” the website says, citing, among other examples, Idaho, Massachusetts and Zimbabwe.

The Czech Republic is hardly the only country to grapple with the word “Republic” in ordinary parlance. It is joined by the Central African Republic, the Dominican Republic, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, to name a few.

But there is something distinctively Czech about the soul-searching. Czechoslovakia was created only in 1918, out of the ashes of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The nation suffered the seizure of territory by Hitler in 1938 and a Soviet-led invasion in 1968. In 1989, its people ended decades of Communist rule in the Velvet Revolution. But in 1993, it split — amicably — into separate Czech and Slovak states.

Czechs began to refer to their newly truncated country as “Cesko” (CHES-ko), but there was no universal agreement over how to translate that into English. (Czechia is the correct translation, the foreign ministry says.) Vaclav Havel, the writer turned president, who opposed the split, hated the name Cesko, which, aides say, reminded him of Czechoslovakia’s dismemberment; Havel said it made him feel “as if snails were crawling” over him.

Jiri Pehe, a political scientist and former Havel aide, who directs New York University’s program in Prague, applauded the proposed change. The name Czech Republic has always been viewed, he said, as a messy compromise, an uneasy accommodation of three distinct regions: Moravia in the east, Bohemia in the west, and Silesia in the northeast. The French, he noted, do not commonly call their country the French Republic, its official name.

“When I meet people from abroad, I say I am from Prague,” Mr. Pehe said. “If you say you are from the Czech Republic, people scratch their heads and ask where that is in Yugoslavia. It creates an identity crisis when people don’t know the name of your country.”

Petrit Selimi, the foreign minister of Kosovo, who helped lead the country’s rebranding after it declared independence from Serbia in 2008, noted the branding potential, saying that Czechia was easy to remember and pronounce, and would work equally well on a soccer jersey, during a diplomatic meeting or in a Facebook post.

Others, however, were less persuaded.

David Cerny, a Czech sculptor who has satirized European identity — portraying Slovakia as a Hungarian sausage and Bulgaria retooled as a Turkish toilet — called the new name misguided and “idiotic.” He said the rebranding was a cynical distraction from pressing problems like corruption and right-wing extremism.

“This whole renaming exercise is the tail wagging the dog,” he said. “The real problem these days is what is going on with the country — not with the name of the country.” He added: “The name Czechia is neither sexy nor rock ’n’ roll.”

Karel Schwarzenberg, a former foreign minister, suggested simply using the name Bohemia, which was used as early as medieval times. “Why are we avoiding the historic name Bohemia, which for centuries served as the name of our country?” a Czech news site, Aktualne, quoted him as saying. “Why do we have to do this artificially and make up names like Czechia?”

But critics retorted that Bohemia only refers to the historic region in the west. “I think the name Czechlands would be fairer,” said Ondrej Hysek, chairman of the Moravians, a political party that promotes Moravian identity.

Finance Minister Andrej Babis, a Slovak by birth, told Aktualne he did not think the new name would catch on.

“People around the world are used to saying Czechoslovakia or Czech Republic, and changing this to Czechia will be difficult,” he said, adding: “Even I can’t get it out of my mouth.”

形容詞變名詞 捷克國名Czech改Czechia

捷克共和國醞釀更改簡稱，從原本形容詞的「Czech」改成名詞「Czechia」。

捷克共和國的國民15日起床時，可能覺得「變天了」。該國領袖受夠「捷克共和國」（Czech Republic）的全名過長，雖仍繼續保留，但提議使用只有三個音節的簡稱「Czechia」（發音近似捷基亞），如同「法蘭西」之於「法蘭西共和國」。Czechia是名詞，比形容詞Czech更適合用在商業活動。

捷克總統、總理和其他高階官員發表聯合聲明表示，若簡稱議案經國會表決通過，將要求聯合國更新敘述各國地理名稱的資料庫。他們希望在參加今年夏季奧運會前，國內外已習慣新簡稱。

聯合聲明說：「我們建議，講外文時若毋須引用全稱，採用這個簡稱，如運動賽事和行銷的活動之類。」捷克外長左拉列克說，政府決定改名，因為一直以來出現很多「失真狀況和拼字錯誤」。

一個叫做Go Czechia、支持新簡稱的網站指出，Czechia並非新創字，最早在1634年拉丁文即有此音，而英文首度使用是在1841年。

該網站表示，在1918年第一次世界大戰結束、奧匈帝國兵敗解體後，美國報章雜誌就常將捷克斯拉夫（Czechoslovakia）─已分裂為捷克和斯洛伐克─的西半部稱作Czechia。

該網站說：「相對於美國和英國的全稱也是兩個字，捷克共和國在國際上卻較不知名，而且不像美國和英國有通用的獨特簡稱。」

捷克多年來一直為簡稱煩惱。捷克總統齊曼2013年曾告訴當時前來進行官方訪問的以色列總統裴瑞斯說：「我都用Czechia，較悅耳。」

原文參照：
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/15/world/europe/czech-republic-seeking-a-snappier-nameconsiders-a-change.html

2016-04-15．聯合晚報．A6．國際焦點．編譯季晶晶