Rome Do-Gooders Step In to Save the Tiber Waterfront
行善團塗鴉除汙 羅馬台伯河重生
By Elisabetta Povoledo

If an ancient legend is to be believed, Rome was established on the banks of the Tiber River, where the mythical founders of the city, Romulus and Remus, were rescued and suckled by a she-wolf. For centuries, the waterway – once even deified as the god Tiberinus –bolstered the city’s greatness.
如果古代傳奇故事可信，羅馬城始建於台伯河兩岸，神祕的建城者羅慕路斯與雷穆斯，曾被一匹母狼拯救並哺育長大。幾世紀來，這條一度甚至被尊奉為台伯河神的水道，支撐並增添了這個城市的偉大。

More recently, however, the Tiber’s fortunes have been something less than godlike.
不過，晚近以來，台伯河的命運已沒那麼神化了。

Great stretches of the riverfront walkways that abut the high travertine embankments built after disastrous flooding in 1870 have been abandoned to the dubious artistic talents of graffiti taggers. Joggers and cyclists must dodge litter, overgrown vegetation, and improvised encampments of homeless people, despite decades of promises by city officials to clean up the river’s banks.
1870年大水災之後興建的石灰華高堤邊的河岸道路，一大段一大段地疏於維護，成為難說有藝術天分者塗鴉之處。雖然幾十年來市政府官員一再承諾要清理河岸，慢跑者和自行車騎士卻必須躲開垃圾、漫生的植物，以及街友隨手搭建的棲身窩棚。

The river’s filthy waterfront and murky waters are a painful reflection of the more widespread neglect and degeneration that has been increasingly blemishing Rome’s beauty, the inattention a symptom of turbulent – at times corrupt – governance on the part of inadequate city administrations.
河岸髒臭，河水混濁，痛苦地反映出日益玷汙羅馬之美的一種更普遍的忽略和退化，而這種疏忽正是不適任的市政當局治理混亂，且時而貪腐的症狀。

Faced with the city’s inaction, which it justifies by citing a lack of means and money, several associations of do-gooders have been taking matters into their own hands. Some of these groups have adopted the Tiber as a neglected resource to promote, develop and defend through a variety of initiatives.
眼見市政府拿缺乏資源與經費當藉口而不採取行動，幾個行善協會已經開始接手。其中一些團體把台伯河當成被忽略的資源來認養，透過各種計畫來宣傳、發展和護衛。

The most recent effort materialized this month along a 500-yard stretch of the embankment with an incongruous procession of historical characters depicting a series of “Triumphs and Laments,” as the project is called, of Rome’s history.
最近的一項計畫已於本月實現，沿著一段500碼的堤岸，以格格不入的一些歷史人物描述羅馬歷史上一系列的「勝利與悲歌」，這也是計畫的名稱。

The figures were created using gigantic stencils and power-washing to erase layers of smog, soot and biological patina on the embankment – a process sometimes known as reverse graffiti –to produce beauty from grime.
創造這些人物的方法，是以巨大的模板和高壓清洗除去河堤上層層的霧塵、煙塵和生物綠鏽，化腐朽為神奇，這過程有時也稱為反向塗鴉。

The ancient statesman Cicero, St. Peter and the aforementioned she-wolf are among the dozens of figures, drawn from iconic sculptures, photographs and monuments, along with Bernini’s statue of St. Teresa in ecstasy.
這幾十個人物之中有古代政治家西塞羅、聖伯多祿和之前提到的母狼，取材自雕像、相片和紀念碑，以及出自貝尼尼之手的聖德瑞莎的狂喜（或稱幻覺）雕像。

There are celebrities: Anita Ekberg and Marcello Mastroianni from “Dolce Vita” days. And then there are the unknown and anonymous: three women who are the nameless widows of countless migrants who have drowned trying to cross the Mediterranean into Italy.
也有名流：電影「甜蜜生活」時代的安妮塔艾格寶和馬切洛馬斯楚安尼。也有不知名的人和無名氏：三名婦女，她們是試圖橫渡地中海到義大利而淹死的無數移民的無名寡婦。

“There’s no specific narrative, except that everyone’s triumphs and glories is someone else’s laments and shamefulness,” the project’s creator, South African artist William Kentridge explained one recent afternoon while strolling along the Tiber. With him was the Italian culture minister, Dario Franceschini, who supported the work after many years of administrative opposition and bureaucratic hurdles.
計畫創作者是南非藝術家威廉．肯特里奇，最近一個下午他沿著台伯河散步時解釋說：「沒有明確的敘述，只提到每個人的勝利和榮耀都是另一個人的悲嘆和恥辱。他身旁是義大利文化部長達里奧．佛蘭契斯奇尼，他支持這項因政府反對且行政程序關卡重重而受阻多年的計畫。

“It was a real challenge getting contemporary art accepted in the heart of the ancient Rome,” Kentridge said, even if the project was meant to entice Romans to the neglected riverfront, to give it new life.
肯特里奇說：「讓古羅馬的中心接受當代藝術是很大的挑戰。」即便這項計畫意在把羅馬人吸引到被忽略的河岸，賦予它新生命。

原文參照：
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/27/world/europe/tiber-river-rome-cleanup.html

2016-05-15/聯合報/D2版/紐約時報賞析 田思怡譯

說文解字看新聞 田思怡

人們常說，每個偉大的城市都有一條偉大的河流（Every great city has its great river.）。羅馬城不僅有台伯河（Tiber River）流經，還有羅馬神話（Roman mythology）加持。

羅馬神話中，羅馬城建在台伯河兩岸。神話中的「台伯河神」（Tiberinus）是海神（Oceanus）和蒂賽斯（Tethys）的兒子，他發現一對孿生兄弟羅慕路斯（Romulus）與雷穆斯（Remus），就把他們送給剛剛痛失小狼的母狼（Lupa）哺育，孿生兄弟長大後成為羅馬的建城者，多美的神話故事。

但近年台伯河河岸髒臭，幸好有幾個行善團體（associations of do-gooders）插手整治。根據韋氏字典，do-gooder意指不切實際的社會改革家，其解釋為a well-intentioned but naive and often clumsily ineffectual social reformer（立意良善，但太過天真，且常常笨拙地白費力氣的社會改革家）。但此文中顯然不是這個意思，因為整治河岸計畫很成功，因此do-gooder可譯為行善的人。

Resettling America’s First ‘Climate Refugees’
美首創輔助金 重新安頓氣候難民
By Coral Davenport and Campbell Robertson

Each morning at 3:30, when Joann Bourg leaves the mildewed and rusted house that her parents built on her grandfather’s property, she worries that the bridge connecting this spit of waterlogged land to Louisiana’s terra firma will again be flooded and she will miss another day’s work.
每天清晨3點半，瓊安．柏格一離開父母蓋在祖父的土地上，長了黴且生了鏽的房子，她就擔心連接這塊浸了水的岬角與路易斯安納州堅實陸地的橋梁再次淹水，害她又有一天不能去工作。

Bourg, a custodian at a sporting goods store on the mainland, lives with her two sisters, 82-year-old mother, son and niece on land where her ancestors, members of the Native American tribes of southeastern Louisiana, have lived for generations. That earth is now dying, drowning in salt and sinking into the sea, and she is ready to leave.
柏格是陸地上一家運動用品店的管理員，與兩個姊妹、82歲的母親、兒子、外甥女住在她的祖先、路易斯安納州東南部的美國原住民部族已生活了好幾代的土地上。現在那片土地已奄奄一息，泡在鹽裡，沉進海中，而她準備搬家。

With a first-of-its-kind “climate resilience” grant to resettle the island’s native residents, Washington is ready to help.
華府準備伸出援手，用首創的「氣候順應」輔助金來重新安頓住在這個島上的原住民。

“Yes, this is our grand’s land,” Bourg said. “But it’s going under one way or another.”
柏格說：「沒錯，這是我們祖父的土地，但無論如何終將淹沒。」

In January, the Department of Housing and Urban Development announced grants totaling $1 billion in 13 states to help communities adapt to climate change, by building stronger levees, dams and drainage systems.
今年1月，住宅與都市發展部宣布在13州共提供10億美元補助金，藉由建造更堅固的防洪堤、水壩和排水系統，協助社區適應氣候變遷。

One of those grants, $48 million for Isle de Jean Charles, is something new: the first allocation of federal tax dollars to move an entire community struggling with the impacts of climate change. The divisions the effort has exposed and the logistical and moral dilemmas it has presented point up in microcosm the massive problems the world could face in the coming decades as it confronts a new category of displaced people who have become known as climate refugees.
其中一種輔助金，給尚查理島的4800萬美元，是新的項目：首度由聯邦稅收撥款把一個深受氣候變化影響的社區整個遷走。此一行動所暴露的分歧，以及它所帶來的後勤和道德上的困境，具體而微地突顯出這個世界未來幾十年可能面對的龐大問題，當這個世界面對已被稱為氣候難民的新型流離失所人群。

“We’re going to lose all our heritage, all our culture,” lamented Chief Albert Naquin of the Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw, the tribe to which most Isle de Jean Charles residents belong. “It’s all going to be history.”
比洛克西-奇蒂馬查-查克托部落的酋長阿爾貝特．納昆嘆息道：「我們將失去我們所有的傳統、所有的文化。全部都將走入歷史。」尚查理島上大部分居民屬於這個部落。

Around the globe, governments are confronting the reality that as human-caused climate change warms the planet, rising sea levels, stronger storms, increased flooding, harsher droughts and dwindling freshwater supplies could drive the world’s most vulnerable people from their homes.
全球各國的政府都面對一個事實，人類造成的氣候變化使得地球升溫、海平面上升、暴風雨更猛烈、洪澇增多、乾旱更嚴重、淡水供應日減，可能迫使世界上最容易受災的人群離開家園。

原文參照：
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/03/us/resettling-the-first-american-climate-refugees.html

2016-05-15/聯合報/D2版/紐約時報賞析 田思怡譯