Iran Seizes U.S. Sailors Amid Claims of Spying
By HELENE COOPER and DAVID E. SANGER

WASHINGTON — Two United States Navy patrol boats and their crews were seized by the Iranian authorities in the Persian Gulf on Tuesday during what a Tehran news agency alleged was “snooping.”

But the Pentagon and the State Department said that one of the boats had experienced mechanical problems while en route from Kuwait to Bahrain on a routine mission. Administration officials said that the military had lost contact with the boats before they strayed into Iranian territorial waters. They said they had received assurances from Iran that the 10 sailors would be returned soon, perhaps on Wednesday.

But a spokesman for the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps, Brig. Gen. Ramezan Sharif, was quoted Wednesday morning in the Iranian news media as saying that talk of an immediate release was “speculation.” He said an “investigation” was underway and that “talks” were being held with the sailors, suggesting that they were being interrogated.

General Sharif said the sailors were being held under good conditions and treated with “Islamic compassion.”

The semiofficial Fars news agency in Iran said that the boats had illegally traveled more than a mile into Iranian waters near Farsi Island, the site of a major Iranian naval base. It said that members of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Navy had confiscated GPS equipment, which would “prove that the American ships were ‘snooping’ around in Iranian waters.”

The waters where the boats were sailing are a frequent location for intelligence collection by the United States, Iran and many gulf countries. The American and Iranian navies encounter each other frequently there.

The detention of the sailors comes at a particularly delicate moment in the tense American-Iranian relationship, just days before the formal implementation of a nuclear deal in which the United States is supposed to unfreeze about $100 billion in Iranian assets.

That step is to be made after international nuclear inspectors verify that Iran has shipped 98 percent of its nuclear fuel out of the country and disabled and removed centrifuges, and taken a large plutonium reactor permanently offline.

The American sailors were aboard two riverine patrol boats — 38-foot, high-speed boats that are used to patrol rivers and littoral waters. One official said the two vessels, which often patrol shallow waters near Bahrain, had failed to make a scheduled rendezvous with a larger ship to refuel.

Secretary of State John Kerry, an official said, was notified of the seizing of the sailors while meeting with top Philippine officials and Defense Secretary Ashton B. Carter. Mr. Kerry broke off the meeting and called his Iranian counterpart, Mohammad Javad Zarif, with whom he spent months negotiating the nuclear accord. As he walked into the House chamber Tuesday night for President Obama’s State of the Union address, Mr. Kerry said the sailors were “going to get out.”

It is unclear what power Mr. Zarif may have to intervene. Many American and Middle Eastern officials believe that recent actions by the Iranian Navy against American forces in the gulf may be intended to embarrass Mr. Zarif and President Hassan Rouhani. The Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps was responsible for the military side of the nuclear program, and many of its senior officers have objected to the nuclear agreement.

American and European officials say that the nuclear accord should go into effect sometime next week. That is called “implementation day,” and it is crucial to Mr. Rouhani, who wants to demonstrate to voters that he has succeeded in getting oil and financial sanctions lifted, and Iranian funds unfrozen, ahead of a critical parliamentary election.

Many Republicans in Congress have vowed to prevent that day from coming. Mr. Obama issued a veto threat on Monday against a House bill that would delay implementation day until the president can certify that Iran has reported all of its past work toward designing a nuclear weapon. International inspectors recently declared that Iran had a program “consistent” with weapons work through 2009, but that it then ceased. Iran has always denied it ever sought a weapon.

Mr. Obama and Mr. Rouhani share the same problem: Their political opponents want to kill the deal. Both men are determined to see it through. The Treasury Department is expected to place some new sanctions on Iran for recent missile tests — which are not covered by the nuclear pact — but that effort has been delayed for reasons American officials will not discuss. A draft of the sanctions declaration was circulated on Capitol Hill just before the new year and quickly leaked.

In the skies and waters of the Persian Gulf, the Strait of Hormuz, the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Aden, Iran and the United States constantly watch each other. American naval ships roam the waters along Iran’s 1,100-mile southern coastline, their radar trained on the shore and on Iranian ships leaving their harbors. Iranian fighter jets patrol the skies, keeping an eye on American combat planes that take off from an aircraft carrier in the Persian Gulf every time an Iranian jet comes close to their ship.

The Navy’s Fifth Fleet maintains a presence in the Persian Gulf, including the aircraft carrier, and lately has had several episodes with Iran.

Two weeks ago, the Iranian Navy harassed an American carrier and a French frigate in the Strait of Hormuz, launching rockets that passed within 1,500 yards of the aircraft carrier Harry S. Truman.

Last year in the Gulf of Aden, an Iranian Navy frigate approached a ship where an American military helicopter had just landed and pointed a heavy machine gun at the copter for several minutes before turning around, all while an Iranian film crew videotaped the encounter. The Fifth Fleet, for its part, has its own videotape of the episode.

In 2007, the Revolutionary Guards Navy captured 15 British military service members and held them for 13 days, making a point of protecting its sea borders. A year later, the British Navy released a report saying that its vessels had been in an area with disputed borders between Iran and Iraq.

時機敏感 伊朗拘留2艘美軍船

伊朗承諾迅速放人

伊朗半官方法斯通訊社（Fars）12日報導，兩艘美國海軍船隻違法進入伊朗海域，船上10名水兵遭革命衛隊拘留。美國官員說，德黑蘭當局已通知美方，表示會盡快放人。

伊朗革命衛隊13日凌晨發表聲明，證實在波斯灣的法西島附近拘留兩艘美國船，船隻違法進入伊朗海域兩公里。聲明說：「船上乘員共九男一女，革命衛隊海軍依伊斯蘭律法拘留，他們健康狀況良好並安置於適當場所。」伊朗拘留兩船時，美國杜魯門號航母和法國戴高樂號航母皆在法西島附近的國際水域。

法斯社報導，兩船上有GPS裝置，伊朗當局也取用定位等相關資訊。

一名美國國防部官員說，這兩艘海軍高速巡邏艇預定從科威特駛往巴林，12日稍早在法西島附近失聯。一名美國官員說，尚不清楚船隻誤闖是否因為失去動力而故障。

另一名美國官員透露，伊朗外長札里夫向美國國務卿凱瑞保證，德黑蘭當局很快會釋放人船，讓美國海軍繼續航行。

此事件恰巧發生在美國總統歐巴馬發表任內最後一次國情咨文的數小時前，美伊兩國處理此事皆相當低調，顯然不想影響雙方關係。去年7月，伊朗和六強歷經20個月談判，終於達成歷史性核子協議，伊朗同意不碰核武，換取國際解除經濟制裁。

不過美國海軍上月指出，伊朗革命衛隊船隻上月26日在荷姆茲海峽航行的三艘船隻附近發射火箭，其中包括杜魯門號航母，挑釁意味濃厚。

原文參照：
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/13/world/middleeast/iran-holds-us-navy-boats-crew.html

紐約時報中文版翻譯：
http://cn.nytimes.com/usa/20160113/c13ships/zh-hant/

2016-01-13．聯合晚報．A6．國際焦點．編譯莊蕙嘉