The New, Hip Co-Working Spaces
共用辦公室 解放工作型態
By Nick Bilton

Technology has upended where we work. The line between work and play has been blurred, and the difference between the office and home has all but disappeared.
科技顛覆了我們工作的場所。工作與玩樂之間的界線模糊了，辦公室和家的區別也幾乎消失了。

As a result, there’s a new class of white-collar workers who roam the earth looking for places to get their jobs done.
因此，出現了新一類的白領工作者，他們在地球上四處遊走，尋找完成他們工作的地方。

Some of them work from home, curled up on the couch or in a home office – maybe with a drone hovering nearby. Others camp out at expensive cafes, refilling their mugs of fancy coffee throughout the day.
他們當中有些人在家工作，蜷縮在沙發上或是家庭辦公室裡，或許還有架無人機在附近盤旋。其他人則是在昂貴的咖啡店內紮營，整天將他們的昂貴咖啡不斷續杯。

But increasingly, these untethered employees are gathering in a new kind of office known as the co-working space.
然而，這些不受束縛的員工正聚集在一種被稱為共同工作空間的新的辦公室，而且此風日盛。

Surely, you’ve heard of these places. But their numbers have multiplied across the country in the past few years, filling a niche for those who need more than a cafe but less than an office.
你肯定聽說過這些地方，然而它們的數量過去幾年裡在全國卻呈倍數成長，?洶F那些需要一處不只是咖啡店，卻又不像辦公室的場所的小眾的需求。

They now come in a wide range of options. Some are fancy; some are not. Some require memberships; some do not. Some target technology workers; others are for writers or small businesses. And in the Los Angeles area, there seems to be a co-working option for every neighborhood and every profession.
這種場所如今可有多樣的選擇。有些很昂貴，有些則不會。有些需要是會員，有些則不用。有些瞄準科技業員工，也有些針對作家或小企業。而在洛杉磯地區，每個區里和行業似乎有都共同工作空間可供選擇。

Before you rush out to join a co-working space, there are pros and cons to consider.
在你急著加入共同工作空間前，必須考量其中利弊。

Some believe working away from a traditional office improves productivity. A study published last year in The Quarterly Journal of Economics examined Ctrip, a 16,000-employee Chinese travel agency, where call-center employees were randomly assigned to work in either the office or the home. Those who worked from home were 13 percent more productive, the report found. When Ctrip gave all its workers the option to work from home, productivity grew even further, to 22 percent.
有些人認為不在傳統辦公室工作能提高生產力。去年發表在經濟學季刊的一項研究報告對於攜程進行了研究。攜程是家有1萬6000名員工的中國大陸旅行社，其客服中心員工被隨機分配到辦公室或是在家工作。這篇報告發現，在家工作的員工生產力多了13%。當攜程讓所有員工在家工作時，生產力更進一步成長22%。

Another study published last year in the journal Sleep Health, found that people who had flexible work schedules slept better than those who had to report to the office at specific times.
另個去年發表於睡眠健康期刊的研究報告發現，享有彈性工作時間的人比那些必須在特定時間向辦公室報到的人睡得更好。

But there are studies that raise doubts about working remotely. “How Effective Is Telecommuting?” published last year in the journal Psychological Science in the Public Interest, found that working from home can make people feel sad. The report says this is likely because of the social and professional isolation experienced from being home alone for too long.
但也有研究對於遠距工作提出了質疑。去年發表於公共利益心理科學期刊的研究報告「電子通勤效果如何？」發現，在家工作會讓人感到悲傷。報告稱，這很可能是孤獨在家太久而產生的社會與職業隔離感造成的。

原文參照：
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/04/fashion/co-working-spaces-neuehouse-rvcc-wework.html

2016-02-28/聯合報/D2版/紐約時報賞析 陳韋廷譯

說文解字看新聞 陳韋廷

科技和網路的日新月異改變了我們的日常生活（daily life），從食衣住行育樂，甚至到文中所討論的工作場所，無一不受到影響。共同(或稱共用) 工作空間是個來自西方的概念，近年在全球興起，是因應網路科技時代而生的新型態辦公空間。

共同工作空間對傳統工作空間文化帶來了衝擊，共同工作空間顧名思義，是指不同行業的自由工作者在同一個空間工作，它同時也是這一些共同工作者（coworker）的社群平台。共同工作者多為SOHO族（此處SOHO為small office和home office的縮寫，亦即單獨辦公、家裡辦公之意，SOHO族指那些在家辦公的自由職業者）、創業者（entrepreneur）、部落客等。

telecommuting在文中譯作「遠距工作」，意思與teleworking和remote working相同，例句：For employees, telecommuting presents unprecedented freedom in choosing where to work.（對員工來說，遠距工作在選擇工作地點上提供了前所未有的自由。）此外，這個字其他常見中文翻譯還有「電子通勤」和「居家就業」。

隨著科技使辦公及網路的連結日趨緊密，員工少了傳統工作空間的限制，便可彈性安排自己的工作時間、地點及工作型態，生產力也因此提升。

More No-Frills Fares on the Horizon
美國老牌航空 也推廉價機票
By Stephanie Rosenbloom

Rock-bottom fares once unique to low-cost carriers like Spirit and Frontier may, in the coming months, be offered by all three of the nation’s legacy airlines, American, United and Delta.
超低價機票過去是精神航空公司和邊疆航空公司這類廉價航空公司的專利，也許在未來幾個月裡，美國的三家老牌航空公司美利堅航空、聯合航空和達美航空也會提供。

Great news for you and your wallet, right? The answer isn’t so clear-cut.
對你和你的荷包而言這可是大好消息，對吧？答案不是那麼明確。

Spirit Airlines cemented its no-frills reputation a couple of years ago when it declared itself the “home of the bare fare”: a ticket that doesn’t include a seat assignment, a checked bag, even water. Frontier also offers bargain fares that don’t include seat assignments, in-flight entertainment and checked or carry-on bags as well as a slightly more costly package called “the works,” with privileges such as being able to choose your seat and bring a carry-on bag. Unwilling to lose customers in certain markets where the low-cost airlines fly, major domestic airlines are rolling out their own no-frills fares.
精神航空公司幾年前鞏固了它在陽春飛航市場的名聲，自稱為「裸票價之家」：機票不包含預先劃位、托運行李，甚至飲水。邊疆航空也提供折價票價，不包含預先劃位、機上娛樂和托運或手提行李，另並推出稍微貴一點的套裝票，稱為「全套」，有一些特權，例如能選你的座位和帶一件手提行李。美國各大國內線航空公司不願意在廉價航空飛的某些市場流失顧客，正推出它們自己的陽春票價。

Delta was the first to take the plunge, introducing “basic economy” fares on routes where it wanted to compete with discount carriers. Basic economy tickets do not include advance seat assignments. They cannot be changed or refunded (after a one-day grace period). And there are no free upgrades for anyone.
達美率先決定冒險一試，在它想要與廉價航空競爭的那些航線推出「基礎經濟」票價。基礎經濟票不包含預先劃位，也不能更改或退票（在一天的寬限期之後）。而且任何使用人都不能免費升等。

Last year Delta put a number of changes to the fare rules into effect and announced that basic economy had spread to more than 450 markets since its introduction in 2012. Now the other big domestic carriers plan to follow suit. United said during its quarterly earnings call in January that it plans to introduce an entry-level fare “that will appeal to the purely price sensitive customer” in the second half of this year. American Airlines said during its quarterly call that it will roll out the first phase of a basic economy product in the same time frame.
去年達美把一些票價規則的變更付諸實施，並宣布基礎經濟票價自2012年推出以來，已擴展到450多個市場。現在，國內線的其他大咖航空公司也計畫跟進。聯合航空在1月的每季財報視訊會議中表示，計畫在今年下半年推出入門級票價，「將迎合只在乎票價的顧客」。美利堅航空在季財報視訊會議中表示，將在同一時期推出第一階段的基礎經濟產品。

For the most cost-conscious travelers, no-frills fares allow them to afford certain trips that they might not otherwise have been able to take. And, of course, no-frills fares are good for the airlines.
對那些最在意花費的旅客來說，陽春票價讓他們負擔得起某些原本可能無法成行的旅行。而且，當然，陽春票價對航空公司也有好處。

原文參照：
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/21/travel/cheap-flights-american-airlines-united-delta.html

2016-02-28/聯合報/D2版/紐約時報賞析 田思怡譯