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新聞對照:美將有同志國防部長 性別平等按讚
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Eric Fanning, Civilian Adviser, Named Secretary of the Army
By HELENE COOPER

WASHINGTON — President Obama is nominating Eric K. Fanning, a close civilian adviser to Defense Secretary Ashton B. Carter, to be the secretary of the Army, an appointment that would make him the first openly gay secretary of a military branch.

Mr. Fanning has been the acting under secretary of the Army as the current secretary, John McHugh, prepares to leave his post. Mr. Fanning’s Defense Department jobs have spanned the services: He has served as Air Force under secretary, deputy under secretary of the Navy and deputy chief management officer of the Navy.

“I can’t think of any civilian with more experience with the services, having served in senior positions in all three,” said Derek Chollet, a former assistant defense secretary. “He understands all of their unique cultures and processes.”

If confirmed by the Senate, Mr. Fanning will help guide the country’s largest military service as it undertakes a sweeping integration of gay soldiers. While the Pentagon lifted a prohibition on openly gay service members in 2011, it continues to struggle with a culture in which such members say they feel uncomfortable.

As a civilian, Mr. Fanning never had to conform to the “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy governing gay service members, which was in place for more than 15 years. But his appointment demonstrates that Mr. Obama and Mr. Carter want to keep pushing the military toward more openness toward gay men and lesbians, an administration official said, speaking on the condition of anonymity to speak freely.

The official noted that the administration has been working to eliminate barriers to military service based on sexuality or gender. Defense Department officials say they believe the changes since the repeal of “don’t ask, don’t tell” have largely been a success. They say that none of the dire predictions of opponents, like a potential exodus of troops, have occurred, and that recruiting, retention and overall morale have not been affected.

But gay and straight service members say that ending the legal barriers has not erased all the cultural barriers. Some gay service members say they experience harassment and discrimination.

Mr. Fanning, 47, a graduate of Dartmouth, is well liked at the Pentagon, and his appointment was widely expected. As Army secretary, Mr. Fanning, who has served as chief of staff to Mr. Carter, would exert influence over the selection of generals and over Army policy, including the integration of women into combat roles, training of combat forces and purchase of weapons.

Gay rights groups hailed Mr. Fanning’s appointment.

“We are thrilled to see Eric Fanning nominated to lead the world’s greatest army,” said Ashley Broadway-Mack, the president of the American Military Partner Association, a support organization for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender military families. “History continues to be written and equality marches forward with the nomination of an openly gay man to serve in this significantly important role.”

The Human Rights Campaign, a gay rights organization, called Mr. Fanning “the perfect choice to lead the world’s best-trained, most dedicated and formidable army.”

美將有同志國防部長 性別平等按讚

美國國防部解除女兵參與戰鬥任務禁令明年實施,但強烈反對女性上前線的陸戰隊和國防部文人長官的嫌隙引起一場不尋常的公開爭論。與此同時,美國總統歐巴馬十八日宣布提名范寧(Eric Fanning)出任陸軍部長,范寧的人事案只要取得參議院同意,他將成為美軍首位公開出櫃的文人部長,美軍性別平等再邁進一步。

五角大廈前年解除禁止女性在前線擔任戰鬥任務的規定,若無特別豁免事由,將於明年全面實施。陸戰隊一直是開放性別全面作戰的鐵板,陸戰隊男性占總人數九成三,轄下多數單位不收女性,就算有女性也是分開訓練。

陸戰隊上周公布耗資三千六百萬美元、歷時九個月的研究指出,男女都有的合併戰鬥單位行進緩慢、傷兵增加,且無法準確發射武器。但海軍部長馬伯斯批評研究有缺失,且扼要結果節錄自歧視女性戰鬥角色的大型研究。

儘管女性上前線在陸戰隊受阻,美軍性別平等歷程在歐巴馬提名美軍首位公開出櫃的范寧出任陸軍部長後,再向前邁進一步。四十七歲的范寧目前擔任陸軍代理次長,曾任國防部長卡特的特別助理、空軍次長與代理部長及海軍副次長。國防部國際安全事務前助理部長查立特說:「我想不出在三軍重要職位都服務過的第二人選。」

歐巴馬說,范寧經驗豐富、領導卓越,期待和范寧合作。

原文參照:
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/19/us/eric-fanning-civilian-adviser-named-secretary-of-the-army.html

VideoObama nominates Fanning for army chief
http://www.nytimes.com/video

2015-09-20.聯合報.A13.兩岸/國際.編譯陳韻涵、華盛頓記者賴昭穎


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