A Sharing Economy Where Teachers Win
By NATASHA SINGER

What kind of tunes do you think Iago, the villain in William Shakespeare’s “Othello,” would listen to if he had an iPhone?

That is the kind of question that Laura Randazzo, an exuberant English teacher, often dreams up to challenge her students at Amador Valley High School in Pleasanton, Calif.

So, when Ms. Randazzo heard about TeachersPayTeachers.com, a virtual marketplace where educators can buy and sell lesson plans, she was curious to find out whether the materials she had created for her own students would appeal to other educators.

A couple of years ago, she started posting items, priced at around $1, on the site. Her “Whose Cell Phone Is This?” fictional character work sheet has now sold more than 4,000 copies.

“For a buck, a teacher has a really good tool that she can use with any work of literature,” Ms. Randazzo said in a phone interview last week. “Kids love it because it’s fun. But it’s also rigorous because they have to support their characterizations with evidence.”

She clearly has a knack for understanding the kinds of classroom aids that other teachers are looking for. One of her best-selling items is a full-year collection of high school grammar, vocabulary and literature exercises. It has generated sales on TeachersPayTeachers of about $100,000.

Speaking from her tiny home office, formerly a bedroom closet, Ms. Randazzo still sounded amazed at her success.

“What started out as a hobby has turned into a business,” she said.

Teachers often spend hours preparing classroom lesson plans to reinforce the material students are required to learn, and many share their best materials with colleagues. Founded in 2006, TeachersPayTeachers speeds up this lesson-plan prep work by monetizing exchanges between teachers and enabling them to make faster connections with farther-flung colleagues.

As some on the site develop sizable and devoted audiences, TeachersPayTeachers.com is fostering the growth of a hybrid profession: teacher-entrepreneur. The phenomenon has even spawned its own neologism: teacherpreneur.

To date, Teacher Synergy, the company behind the site, has paid about $175 million to its teacher-authors, says Adam Freed, the company’s chief executive. The site takes a 15 percent commission on most sales.

A former chief operating officer of Etsy and former director of international product management at Google, Mr. Freed is a veteran of data-driven growth companies. By selling tens of thousands of items, he says, 12 teachers on the site have become millionaires and nearly 300 teachers have earned more than $100,000. On any given day, the site has about 1.7 million lesson plans, quizzes, work sheets, classroom activities and other items available, typically for less than $5. Last month alone, Mr. Freed added, more than one million teachers in the United States downloaded material, including free and fee-based products, from the site.

“If you have a kid in school in America, they are interacting somewhere with TeachersPayTeachers’ content,” Mr. Freed said in an interview last week at the company’s headquarters in Manhattan.

Mr. Freed took the helm of Teacher Synergy in 2014. One of his first tasks was to bring the technology behind the homespun company up to date without introducing radical changes that might upset its following. That goal has become more urgent now that TES Global, a British company with its own teacher-to-teacher marketplace, has entered the American market.

Last week, for instance, TeachersPayTeachers introduced an iPhone app from which educators can buy materials. The app replaced an older version that allowed users to look up products but, oddly enough, not to purchase them.

“We were not a technology company until very recently. We were a teaching marketplace with a technology underlay,” Mr. Freed said. “Now we are trying to be both.”

The site’s popularity with teachers reflects the convergence of a number of trends in education and technology.

For one thing, school districts around the country have been introducing new learning objectives, called Common Core state standards, for different grade levels. That has sent tens of thousands of educators to TeachersPayTeachers looking for lessons to reinforce particular math and reading standards — like the requirement that sixth graders and older students be able to delineate and evaluate the argument in a given text.

“It’s a matter of understanding what the standards are and figuring out how to get the students to perform to those standards,” says Erin Cobb, a middle-school reading teacher in Lake Charles, La., whose Common Core-aligned teaching materials have had sales of more than $1 million on TeachersPayTeachers.

At a time when many politicians, technology executives and philanthropists are pushing novel digital tools for education, many teachers are also seeking old-school offline techniques that other teachers have perfected over the years in their classrooms. That has positioned TeachersPayTeachers as a kind of Etsy for education.

“A lot of the stuff you see in the digital world that is interactive, teachers are making them in analog form,” Mr. Freed said, noting that many teacher-to-teacher products are PDF or zip files meant to be downloaded and printed out.

As an example, he cited an “Interactive Reading Literature Notebook,” developed by Ms. Cobb. In her lesson plans, “interactive” does not refer to digital video or audio. It means students are asked to actively learn by, in part, cutting out and gluing assignments into their notebooks, taking deep notes in class and sometimes even drawing illustrations to demonstrate that they understood the reading.

“There’s a lot of creativity and innovation,” Mr. Freed said, “but it is tried and true in a lot of its methodology.”

For teachers, building a successful business on TeachersPayTeachers may also entail a lot of work.

To draw attention to the tools she developed for TeachersPayTeachers, for instance, Ms. Randazzo, the English teacher, started a teaching blog where she recounts her experiences or highlights resources she finds interesting. She also recently started a YouTube channel in response to requests from other teachers who asked her to demonstrate how to teach complicated concepts like irony.

She added that many teachers considered TeachersPayTeachers credible because they can find ideas from more experienced teachers who face the same classroom challenges they do.

“That is what ground-level teachers are able to do that textbook publishers can’t,” Ms. Randazzo said.

網拍教案 美12師成千萬富翁

教師經常要為學生準備各種教案而傷腦筋，而可讓教師買賣教案的TeachersPayTeachers.com網站，從2006年創立至今，已讓全美許多教師致富；其中有12名才華洋溢的老師，透過這個新興虛擬市集，成為百萬（美元，下同）（逾新台幣3,287萬）富翁，另有近300名老師分別賺進逾10萬元。

紐約時報報導，許多教師經常會耗費好幾個小時，準備課堂教案，以加強學生必須學習的教材；很多教師都會把最好的教案與同事分享。來自加州普萊森頓（Pleasanton）阿瑪多谷高中（Amador Valley High School）的英語教師蘿拉‧藍達佐（Laura Randazzo）即常利用創意，想出可讓學生接受挑戰的問題。

因此，藍達佐在獲知TeachersPayTeachers.com網站後，十分好奇過去為學生設計的教材，是否也會博得其他教師青睞。因此，她從幾年前開始在該網站求售自己的教案；其中一項是可適用6至12年級課程的簡易小說人物工作表的教案，定價約1元，已在該網站銷售4000多份。

藍達佐說：「只要1元，教師即可擁有真正好用的工具，可用於任何的文學作品。而兒童都很喜歡此教材，因為很有趣。」

藍達佐最暢銷的教材，是一個高中文法、單字和文學練習的整年份全集，在TeachersPayTeachers的銷售業績已達到10萬元。 而對於在網站上的銷售成功，她也備感意外，她說：「這是從一個單純的興趣轉型成一個事業。」

TeachersPayTeachers網站成立九年來，經由教師之間的買賣交換，已加快教案的準備工作，並可讓全美其他地區的教師，更方便取得優質教案。

經營該網站的教師策略公司（Teacher Synergy）執行長佛瑞德表示，該網站至今已對出售教案的教師經手支付1億7500萬元。而該網站可對大多數交易抽取15%佣金。

曾任谷歌（Google）國際商品管理總監的佛瑞德指出，該網站已有12名老師成為百萬富翁，另有近300名老師賺進逾10萬元。

原文參照：
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/06/technology/a-sharing-economy-where-teachers-win.html

2015-09-08 02:54:54 世界日報 編譯張大順