Europe Reels From More Migrant Deaths on Land and Sea
By ALISON SMALE, MELISSA EDDY and KAREEM FAHIM

VIENNA — Europe reeled from fresh shocks in its escalating migration crisis Friday, with reports of 150 drownings in the Mediterranean and news that far more migrant corpses had been found crammed in an abandoned refrigeration truck in Austria than first thought. Damage to the vehicle’s side raised the possibility that victims had struggled to escape.

The authorities in Austria and Hungary said at least four people had been arrested in connection with the truck as they disclosed that the remains of 71 people had been found inside, including four children, and that at least some had come from Syria. On Thursday officials had estimated as many as 50 people had been packed in the vehicle, before they discovered additional bodies.

The scope of the migrant crisis, the biggest wave to hit Europe since World War II, was further amplified Friday by a report from the United Nations refugee agency estimating a 40 percent jump this year in the number of people fleeing to the Continent by boat compared with all of 2014. Most are escaping war and strife in the Middle East and Africa.

Secretary General Ban Ki-moon of the United Nations, expressing shock over the latest deaths, announced an emergency summit Sept. 30 in New York while world leaders are visiting for the annual General Assembly. He called Europe’s migrant crisis a reflection of deeper travails elsewhere.

“The Syrian war, for example, has just been manifested on a roadside in the heart of Europe,” Mr. Ban said in a statement.

The deadly perils of crossing the Mediterranean, already well known, were reinforced by news from Libyan and international relief officials that 150 people had drowned off western Libya after their boats sank on Thursday.

The exact toll was unclear, but it had the potential to be among the highest this summer for the legions of desperate families trying to reach European shores.

Jamal Naji Zubia, the director of the foreign media office for the Tripoli-based government of Libya, said that drownings occurred near the port city of Zuwarah, in the far west of the country near the Tunisian border. Zuwarah is a frequently used departure point for migrants and refugees trying to make the Mediterranean crossing, often in packed fishing boats or rubber dinghies.

In Sicily, Italian officials announced the arrests of 10 suspected smugglers in connection with the deaths of at least 52 people who had suffocated in the hold of an overcrowded boat found on Wednesday. Maurizio Scalia, a prosecutor in Palermo, was quoted by Agence France-Presse as saying the arrests were based on statements of survivors who said “the victims were all violently forced to stay below deck in an awful condition.”

Still, much of the focus in Europe on Friday was on the relatively new danger of death from smuggling overland, crystallized by the mystery of the people found in the abandoned truck in Austria.

The authorities there reported that three boys ages 7 to 10, and a toddler girl, were among the 71 people decomposing in the truck, which had no ventilation, abandoned east of Vienna in the summer heat on Wednesday and discovered 24 hours later. The other passengers included 59 men and eight women.

Officials at Hyza, the Slovakian company that formerly owned the truck, said its cooling system was not functional when they sold it. Austrian authorities said they had determined that there was no ventilation on the sides of the truck.

The United Nations refugee agency report said the number of refugees and migrants crossing the Mediterranean to reach Europe had reached 310,000 this year, up from 219,000 in 2014.

Close to 200,000 people have landed in Greece this year and around 110,000 more have reached Italy, Melissa Fleming, a spokeswoman for the refugee agency told reporters in Geneva.

More than 2,500 people have died at sea this year, not including those believed to be victims in Thursday’s sinking off Libya. In 2014, 3,500 died or were lost while trying to cross the Mediterranean to Europe.

“The way people are being packed onto boats is causing their deaths,” Ms. Fleming said.

At the root of many of the deaths are the practices of human traffickers who overload boats, cars, trucks and vans with those willing and able to pay the high cost to cross the Mediterranean or European borders.

The Austrian authorities believe that is what happened to the migrants whose corpses were discovered in the truck, parked in the emergency lane of a highway southeast of Vienna.

Once investigators were able to open the rear hold of the vehicle, said Hans Peter Doskozil, director of police in the eastern Austrian state of Burgenland, they found more corpses than they had expected.

They are now trying to identify the victims and have set up a hotline for anyone seeking information about a missing family member.

While the authorities said it was premature to give an exact cause of death, they noted the absence of ventilation, the broken refrigeration system and the dent in the vehicle’s side.

It was not possible to conclude how long the dent had been there, investigators said, but it raised the possibility that occupants had been trying to break through to get air.

“We cannot say whether air was able to circulate through the cooling system or the roof,” Mr. Doskozil said, “but I believe that it is highly likely that people in this truck asphyxiated.”

The authorities said on Friday that four people suspected of involvement in the truck operation had been detained in Hungary. The Hungarian police said that three of those detained are Bulgarian, and that the fourth is Afghan.

An initial investigation, conducted jointly by Austrian and Hungarian officials, led to the detention of three of the people, and they are believed to be in the lowest rank of a much wider Bulgarian-Hungarian human-trafficking ring, Mr. Doskozil said.

“We believe that one perpetrator, a Bulgarian citizen of Lebanese descent, is the current owner of the vehicle,” he added. “Two other suspects who have been detained include a Bulgarian citizen and an individual in possession of a Hungarian identity card, whose nationality has not yet been determined — both believed to be the drivers of the truck.”

In a separate case, 10 Syrian migrants were injured early Friday when a van overturned on a highway in Hungary, the police said in a statement.

The Austrian Red Cross said it expected as many as 4,000 people to cross the country’s eastern border over the weekend, and the authorities said they would increase controls. They emphasized, however, that they would not be able to stop each of the roughly 3,000 trucks that enter the country from the east every day.

The migrants found dead in Austria most likely followed a now-popular route from Greece, through the Balkans and Hungary, and toward the north. The movement is made possible by Europe’s open borders, which allow passage between member countries and is a fundamental part of life in the 28-nation bloc.

Hungary reported a daily average of roughly 2,000 people cross its border with Serbia, but on Wednesday the number rose to 3,241 people, including 700 children — the highest number in a single day recorded this year, the United Nations refugee agency reported.

In a bid to deter the flow of refugees, Hungary has accelerated construction of a fence along its border with Serbia, but humanitarian-agency officials in Geneva described it as “a roundabout subsidy to the smugglers,” who charge refugees and migrants more money to get them past it.

Building walls “looks tough, it looks proactive, it looks as if you’re taking people’s complaints seriously that there are too many migrants,” Joel Millman, a spokesman for the International Organization for Migration, said. “It doesn’t work.”

屍藏貨車、遇海難…歐洲難民潮 全面失控

奧地利警方廿八日指出，廿七日在冷凍貨車上發現的屍體達七十一人，包括四名孩童，最小的受害者年紀不到兩歲，已在匈牙利逮捕四名凶嫌。此外，廿七日在利比亞附近沉沒的兩艘難民船，已撈起八十二具屍體，至少還有一百八十人失蹤，恐怕凶多吉少。

西巴爾幹峰會廿七日在維也納討論歐洲移民危機，會中卻陸續傳來奧地利一輛冷凍貨車上疑發現難民屍體，還有兩艘難民船沉沒利比亞海域附近，估計數百人喪生海底，讓參與峰會的領導人們個個眉頭深鎖。

奧地利警方原本估計冷凍貨車上死亡人數約廿至五十人，經進一步查驗後，廿八日宣布共有七十一人受害，包括五十九名男性、八名女性及四名兒童。

警方指出，受害者應該都來自敘利亞，其中最小的受害者年紀約只有一至兩歲。至於死亡原因是被關在車內窒息而死或有其他因素，將由法醫確定。

負責本案的警方與檢察官對於原本用來載運冷凍雞肉的貨車，被人蛇集團用來載運難民，造成此一悲劇都表示相當震驚。

德國總理梅克爾在出席巴爾幹高峰會時，對於難民死於冷凍貨車上一事表示震驚，並稱此事顯示難民問題的急迫性，應盡速本於歐盟團結合作的精神解決。

歐盟外交及安全事務官員墨格里妮則說：「我們不能再繼續每次看到有人死亡，就只是默哀一分鐘」。

奧地利內政部發言人形容：「這是一輛裝滿屍體的貨車」。奧地利總理費曼則說：今天死去的難民是為求生存而逃命，卻命喪人口販子手上，他並指出，最新發生的悲劇，顯示聯合打擊組織偷渡犯罪、拯救生命的必要性。

此外，利比亞海域廿七日也傳出兩艘難民船沉沒，雖有一九八人獲救，但仍有一百八十人失蹤。船上難民主要來自敘利亞、巴基斯坦、孟加拉、摩洛哥及部分非洲國家。

原文參照：
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/29/world/europe/migrants-bodies-austria-truck.html

紐約時報中文版翻譯：
http://cn.nytimes.com/world/20150828/c28austria/zh-hant/

Graphic：The Global Refugee Crisis, Region by Region
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/06/09/world/migrants-global-refugee-crisis-mediterranean-ukraine-syria-rohingya-malaysia-iraq.html

2015-08-29．聯合報．A17．國際．布魯塞爾記者蕭白雪