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Pope Calls for New Economic Order, Criticises Capitalism
By REUTERS

SANTA CRUZ, Bolivia — Pope Francis on Thursday urged the downtrodden to change the world economic order, denouncing a “new colonialism” by agencies that impose austerity programs and calling for the poor to have the “sacred rights” of labour, lodging and land.

In one of the longest, most passionate and sweeping speeches of his pontificate, the Argentine-born pope also asked forgiveness for the sins committed by the Roman Catholic Church in its treatment of native Americans during what he called the “so-called conquest of America.”

Quoting a fourth century bishop, he called the unfettered pursuit of money “the dung of the devil,” and said poor countries should not be reduced to being providers of raw material and cheap labour for developed countries.

Repeating some of the themes of his landmark encyclical “Laudato Si” on the environment last month, Francis said time was running out to save the planet from perhaps irreversible harm to the ecosystem.

Francis made the address to participants of the second world meeting of popular movements, an international body that brings together organisations of people on the margins of society, including the poor, the unemployed and peasants who have lost their land. The Vatican hosted the first meeting last year.

He said he supported their efforts to obtain “so elementary and undeniably necessary a right as that of the three “L’s”: land, lodging and labour.”

His speech was preceded by lengthy remarks from leftist Bolivian President Evo Morales, who wore a jacket adorned with the face of Argentine revolutionary Ernesto “Che” Guevara. He was executed in Bolivia in 1967 by CIA-backed Bolivian troops.

“Let us not be afraid to say it: we want change, real change, structural change,” the pope said, decrying a system that “has imposed the mentality of profit at any price, with no concern for social exclusion or the destruction of nature.”

‘INTOLERABLE’ SYSTEM

“This system is by now intolerable: farm workers find it intolerable, labourers find it intolerable, communities find it intolerable, peoples find it intolerable … The earth itself – our sister, Mother Earth, as Saint Francis would say – also finds it intolerable,” he said in an hour-long speech that was interrupted by applause and cheering dozens of times.

Since his election in 2013, the first pope from Latin America has often spoken out in defence of the poor and against unbridled capitalism but the speech in this Bolivian city was the most comprehensive to date on the issues he has championed.

Francis’ previous attacks on capitalism have prompted stiff criticism from politicians and commentators in the United States, where he is due to visit in September.

The pontiff appeared to take a swipe at international monetary organisations such as the IMF and the development aid policies by some developed countries.

“No actual or established power has the right to deprive peoples of the full exercise of their sovereignty. Whenever they do so, we see the rise of new forms of colonialism which seriously prejudice the possibility of peace and justice,” he said.

“The new colonialism takes on different faces. At times it appears as the anonymous influence of mammon: corporations, loan agencies, certain ‘free trade’ treaties, and the imposition of measures of ‘austerity’ which always tighten the belt of workers

and the poor,” he said.

Last week, Francis called on European authorities to keep human dignity at the centre of debate for a solution to the economic crisis in Greece..

He defended labour unions and praised poor people who had formed cooperatives to create jobs where previously “there were only crumbs of an idolatrous economy”.

In one of the sections on colonialism, he said: “I say this to you with regret: many grave sins were committed against the native peoples of America in the name of God.”

He added: “I humbly ask forgiveness, not only for the offences of the Church herself, but also for crimes committed against the native peoples during the so-called conquest of America.

“There was sin and an abundant amount of it.”

The audience gave Francis a standing ovation when he put on a yellow miner’s hat that was given to him at the end of his speech.

The pope made his speech at the end of his first full day in Bolivia, where he arrived on Wednesday. On Thursday morning he said a Mass for hundreds of thousands of people and said that everyone had a moral duty to help the poor, and that those with means could not wish they would just “go away.”

Francis praised Bolivia’s social reforms to spread wealth under Morales. On Friday, he will walk into Bolivia’s notoriously violent Palmasola prison.

The pope looked bemused on Wednesday night when Morales handed him one of the more unusual gifts he has received: a sculpted wooden hammer and sickle - the symbol of communism - with a figure of a crucified Christ resting on the hammer.

Francis leaves on Friday for Paraguay, the last stop on his “homecoming” trip.

教宗:逼窮人撙節=新殖民主義

天主教教宗方濟各9日在玻利維亞聖塔克魯茲市演說時,呼籲受到壓迫的各國民眾改變全球經濟秩序。他譴責施加撙節方案的部分機構「遂行新殖民主義」,主張賦予並確保窮人勞動、居住與土地的「神聖權利」。

方濟各表示,無限追逐金錢是「罪惡的淵藪」,窮國不應淪為富國原料與廉價勞力的供應者。

這是方濟各2013年就任教宗以來所發表主題最廣泛、使用時間最長、最激昂的演說之一,場合是第二屆全球民眾運動組織大會,結合窮人、失業者與失去土地的農民等社會邊緣人。梵諦岡教廷去年主辦第一屆大會。

方濟各在全長一個小時的演說中指出,他支持弱勢族群爭取土地、居住與勞動等3項基本的必要權利。他說:「不要害怕說出來:我們要改變,真正的改變,結構性的改變。」他並譴責促成「無視社會排擠或破壞大自然的代價,盲目追逐利益」的現有體系。他說:「這套體系已經令人無法容忍;農村勞動者、勞工、社區、民眾與大地皆已無法容忍。」

方濟各把矛頭對準國際貨幣基金(IMF)等國際機構,以及部分已開發國家採取的開發援助政策。他說:「任何機構或國家均無權剝奪人們行使主權的權利。每當它們這麼做的時候,我們都會目睹新形式的殖民主義興起。它足以嚴重損害和平與公義。新形式的殖民主義具有多種不同面貌,包括企業、放貸機構、特定的『自貿協定』,以及只會迫使勞工與窮人勒緊褲帶的『撙節』措施。」

方濟各10日轉往巴拉圭,展開拉美「返鄉之旅」的最後一站訪問行程。方濟各生於阿根廷。

原文參照:
http://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2015/07/09/world/americas/09reuters-pope-latam-bolivia-poor.html

2015-07-10.聯合晚報.A6.國際焦點.編譯陳世欽


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