Google Plans New Headquarters, and a City Fears Being Overrun
By CONOR DOUGHERTY

MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif. — Apple is moving into Silicon Valley headquarters that look like a spaceship. Facebook is expanding its campus with a new building designed by Frank Gehry. Now it’s Google’s turn.

This week, Google, the search giant, is expected to propose new headquarters — a series of canopylike buildings from Heatherwick Studio, a London design firm known for works like the fiery caldron at the 2012 Olympics, and Bjarke Ingels, a Danish architect known for his innovative designs.

The project in Mountain View, which Google has not made public but has discussed with members of the City Council, is likely to aggravate an increasingly testy relationship between the company and community leaders who fear the company is overrunning their small city.

When Google moved here in 1999, it had a dozen employees and a search engine known only to computer aficionados. Now, its 20,000 local employees make it the biggest employer in a city that is bursting at the seams.

“Our problem is that we have too many good jobs,” said Leonard M. Siegel, a 66-year-old environmental activist who was recently elected to the City Council. “Everyone else wishes they were in our situation, but it’s a crisis for the people here.”

The same story is playing out across Silicon Valley. In Menlo Park, home of Facebook, the November election featured a measure — ultimately rejected by voters — that would have cut downtown office growth in half. Citizen groups in nearby Palo Alto have rebranded their City Council’s most anti-development members as “residentialists.”

“Nobody wants change,” said Gilbert Wong, a councilman in Cupertino, Apple’s hometown. “It’s my role as an elected official to explain to our residents that either you get on board and help us figure out the balance between jobs and housing, or other people are going to make that decision for us.”

Google owns or leases about 7.3 million square feet of office space in Mountain View — roughly equivalent to three Empire State Buildings. That includes most of the property around its headquarters on the north side of the city near Highway 101, which cuts the length of the valley, according to Transwestern, a commercial real estate brokerage.

That success has brought Mountain View loads of tax dollars and a 3.3 percent unemployment rate, as well as skyrocketing home prices and intolerable gridlock. Good and bad, tech is responsible for most of it: Google is Mountain View’s biggest taxpayer, and technology companies account for 27 percent of the jobs in the Silicon Valley region, compared with 7 percent in California and about 5 percent nationally, according to Moody’s Analytics.

The result is an existential argument that pits residents who want to halt the city’s growth against people who think Mountain View needs to grow up and become a real city.

Mountain View, about 40 miles south of San Francisco, has close to 80,000 people; with its strip-mall thoroughfares and streets of single-family homes, it looks like a sleepy suburb. But since hiring has boomed, the city’s roads swell with commuters during the morning and evening rush.

Katherine Suri, a retired NASA scientist, moved to the city in 1974 and lives on a quarter-acre lot whose original views included a nursery and apricot orchards. She spent a good deal of the ’80s chauffeuring her children around town in an Oldsmobile station wagon.

Now her view is of other houses, and the traffic is so bad that Ms. Suri makes sure to schedule her doctors’ appointments around 11 a.m. When she walks to the Y.M.C.A. each morning, she sometimes has to weave between cars stuck in gridlock.

Despite the inconveniences, Ms. Suri has accepted that the city will change whether she likes it or not. “Mountain View is getting more populous with Google and the other companies, and that’s just the way it is,” she said. “We need to learn how to deal with it.”

Google has tried to reduce traffic, for both the city and itself. It transports its employees to work in private buses and was at one point experimenting with bringing some of its San Francisco workers in on boats. In January, the company started a free daytime shuttle that is open to the public; its workers pedal around the city on multicolored company bikes.

Since so much of the traffic is associated with Google, Mountain View has spent the last two years debating a plan to redevelop the city’s North Bayshore area, which surrounds Google’s main offices and is close to major highways.

Google’s vision for a new Googleplex, the nickname for the company’s headquarters, will include bike and pedestrian paths and is one of several development proposals from various companies expected to be submitted to the city on Friday.

“These companies are world-class corporations bringing worldwide attention to Mountain View, and Mountain View needs to evolve to a world-class city,” said Ken S. Rosenberg, one of seven members of the City Council. “One of the criteria of a world-class city is that it is architecturally interesting.”

Even if Google’s proposal is accepted, the city’s most divisive issue — how much new housing to build and where — has yet to be settled. Google executives have said on several occasions that they want to add housing to North Bayshore, but Mountain View’s outgoing City Council found many reasons to say no.

One argument was that it would be dangerous to burrowing owls that live underground in adjacent Shoreline Park. Another was that if people moved there, they would soon want more schools and other expensive services. Others feared that new housing could create a Google voting bloc.

Last November, in an election that was widely viewed as a referendum on the city’s housing policies, Mountain View elected three candidates, including Mr. Rosenberg, who campaigned on the idea of adding housing near Google’s campus, an idea that runs contrary to the previous council’s redevelopment plan.

Google’s headquarters proposal does not include any plans for housing. But the company has told the City Council that it wants housing, and lots of it. Councilman Siegel agrees. He wants to amend the city’s plan to allow at least 5,000 new housing units.

That this could bring in even more Google employees is just what some people fear.

“This last election we had maybe 12,000 voters,” said Jac Siegel, a city councilman who left office this year and is not related to Leonard Siegel. “If you brought 5,000 people in and they all work for Google and they said, ‘We want you to vote for this candidate,’ they can own the town.”

Google矽谷總部 酷炫大變身

網路巨擘Google公司2月28日提交一項計畫，將擴建並翻新位於矽谷山景市（Mountain view）的公司總部，在半透明的穹頂下，打造由可移動結構組成的全新總部，內部設施包括水道、公共花園、有屋頂的自行車道以及室內跑道。

Google已向山景市議會提交擴建計畫，跨出長久評估過程的第一步。新總部是由倫敦Heatherwick建築工作室與丹麥建築師英格斯（Bjarke Ingels）的團隊設計，不僅建築物吸睛，也將改變總部所在地North Bayshore區的面貌。Google目前的總部約有2萬名員工，新總部將可再容納1萬人。

新總部將由四個不同的園區組合而成，總園區面積擴大250萬平方呎，商辦面積將約略相當於整棟帝國大廈。每棟建築都將有好幾面可以像傢俱般移動的玻璃帷幕。

Google指出，與其建造不動如山的水泥建築，不如打造如積木般易於移動的結構。

每個園區上方都會裝設玻璃穹罩，不僅能控制內部溫度，也能讓光線與空氣流通。

綠樹、風景、咖啡廳與自行車道在建築內縱橫交錯，人造建築與大自然不再涇渭分明。

新總部包含地下停車場、及占地4萬平方呎的商店區與藝文空間，也將擁有11哩長的自行車道，讓員工更便於騎自行車通勤。

Google新總部的提案並未納入在當地興建新住宅，但Google主管說，在某些情況下，會想在鄰近地區興建住宅。山景市議員羅森柏格認為，Google的提案可納入興建100個合宜住宅單位，以解決當地房價問題。

羅森伯格說，Google新總部的設計概念很先進，可望促進繁榮，卻也會提高交通流量。都市規劃專家指出，山景市交通問題日益嚴重，因為多數就業成長都在North Bayshore區，但該區離住宅區與大眾運輸車站很遠，導致多數人僅能開車通勤。

原文參照：
http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/02/26/us/politics/ap-us-financial-insecurity.html

2015-03-01．經濟日報．A9．國際．編譯黃智勤