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紐時摘譯:新加坡打房奏效 市場降溫
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Property Market Cools After Singapore Boom
新加坡打房奏效 市場降溫
By Alexandra Stevenson

SINGAPORE — Lamborghinis, Porsches and Bentleys fill the driveways of multimillion-dollar villas in Sentosa Cove and yachts line the 400-berth marina nearby.
聖淘沙灣那些要價數百萬美元的別墅,車道上停滿了藍寶堅尼、保時捷、和賓利等(高檔)汽車,附近有座400個錨位的小艇碼頭,遊艇依序排列。

But signs of a slowdown lurk. At the W Residences, one of the newest condominiums, fewer than half of the units have sold.
但經濟放緩的跡象已悄悄浮現。聖淘沙最新落成的豪宅W魅居,成交戶數不到一半。

As Singapore pitched itself as a place for Asia’s rich, Sentosa Cove attracted wealthy Chinese, Malaysians and Indonesians. But the momentum behind that boom is slowing. Faced with simmering discontent over rising living and housing costs, the government has executed cooling measures. A property sales tax of 18 percent for foreigners has reduced buyers’ enthusiasm. Levies are nearly as high for those hoping to flip their properties in the first year.
新加坡自我定位為亞洲富豪的樂土,聖淘沙灣吸引有錢的中國人、馬來西亞人和印尼人前往。但是這波榮景的動能正在減緩。面對因生活和住宅成本上漲而沸騰的民怨,星國政府已經祭出降溫措施。外國人在新加坡買房得繳18%的稅,已使買氣降低。希望第一年就脫手房產的人,要繳的稅差不多一樣高。

“So far, Sentosa Cove has been the worst hit because the market frenzy was probably most apparent there,” said Wee Siang Ng, head of research at Maybank Kim Eng Securities. The value of prime properties rose by 80 percent from 2004 to the market peak in 2013, he said.
馬來亞銀行金英證券研究主管黃偉祥表示:「迄今為止,聖淘沙灣遭受的打擊最嚴重,因為那裡當時大概是市場狂熱最明顯的地區。」他說,從2004年至市場最高點的2013年間,高檔房產的價值漲了80%

The money started flowing around 2004, after the Asian financial crisis and the SARS outbreak. The government promoted itself as a center for global finance and private banking, offering tax incentives and other favorable policies to lure foreign companies.
2004年左右,也就是亞洲金融危機和SARS爆發後,資金開始流動。新加坡政府向國際間強打自己身為全球財務以及私人金融中心的形象,提供租稅優惠和其他獎勵政策來吸引外資企業。

The government eased rules for foreigners buying land and began to sell reclaimed land on Sentosa, an island just south of Singapore’s main island.
新加坡政府還放鬆外國人購買土地的政策,同時開始出售聖淘沙島填海造就的新生地。聖淘沙島位於新加坡本島南方不遠處。

At the Oceanfront, villas rose in all shapes and styles. One house was built like an Egyptian tomb, with two pharaoh-dog guard statues. Others have palm thatched roofs, evoking tiki huts.
此後,形形色色、風格各異的海景別墅拔地而起。其中一棟房子蓋得像埃及古墓,門口有兩個法老獵犬的警衛雕塑。有些房子屋頂覆蓋棕櫚樹葉,讓人聯想到洋溢熱帶風情的提基小屋。(譯註:波里尼西亞神話中,提基是創造人類的神。)

Construction continued unabated for years. “We call it the Monte Carlo of Asia,” said Stephane Fabregoul of the W Singapore hotel in Sentosa Cove. Other parts of Sentosa were being developed too.
房產業大興土木,數年勢頭不減。聖淘沙灣W公寓(總經理)史蒂芬.法布里古說:「我們管這兒叫亞洲的蒙地卡羅」。聖淘沙灣其他區域也在開發中。

Across Singapore, the property market was booming. Interest rates were low, prompting buyers to take on more debt. Confidence was high. Banks built regional headquarters here and jobs were created. Singapore’s skyline changed drastically. A new financial district rose and Marina Bay Sands, a three-tower building housing a casino with a boatlike structure on top, was built for a reported $5.4 billion.
當時,整個新加坡的房市都欣欣向榮。利率低,刺激買家提高舉債額度。信心高。各銀行在新加坡成立區域總部,新增了工作。新加坡的天際線發生巨大變化。新的金融區聳立;三座塔狀建築組成的濱海灣金沙酒店,附設賭場,樓頂是船形建築物,耗資54億美元興建。

But with the government unable to contain the heated market, the growing presence of foreigners and the rising cost of housing became a flash point for discontent.
但由於新加坡政府無力遏制房市過熱,加上在這兒出現的外國人愈來愈多,住房成本上漲,在在引爆民怨。

In the 2011 general election, the People’s Action Party, which has been the ruling party since Singapore’s independence from Malaysia in 1965, won by the narrowest margin in its history.
2011年國會大選,自新加坡1965年脫離馬來西亞獨立以來一直是執政黨的人民行動黨雖然勝出,領先差距卻是史上最小的一次。

“There was concern that was aired in the last election that foreigners participating in the property market were contributing to high prices,” said Christopher Fossick of Jones Lang LaSalle in Southeast Asia.
仲量聯行東南亞(董事總經理)符斯克說:「人們對於外國人參與房市導致價格上揚懷有的疑慮,在上次大選中表露無遺。」

To slow demand, foreign buyers were charged an additional tax on top of a basic buyer’s stamp duty. And now anyone who wants to resell a property within a year of buying it must pay a 16 percent tax on the sale price.
為降低購房需求,在基礎的印花稅之外,新加坡開始向外國購房者額外徵稅。購房一年內打算轉賣的人必須繳納轉售價格16%的稅。

The government’s most effective measure was to cap the amount of debt a borrower was allowed to take as a percentage of their income.
新加坡政府採取的最有效措施是根據貸款人收入的一定比例,限制其貸款額度。(譯註:每月貸款還款金額不得超過貸款人月收入的六成)

Since then, new property sales across Singapore have fallen sharply; in 2014, the number of properties sold was half what it had been the previous year.
從此以後,新加坡的新房銷售量大降。2014年,新加坡售出的房屋數量比前一年減少了一半。

At an apartment building called the Turquoise, a unit sold last July for 4 million Singapore dollars. Government data showed the seller bought the residence for 7 million Singapore dollars.
近期銷售稀少的情況描繪出冷酷的景象。大多數賣家都蒙受了巨大的損失。豪華公寓「翠珀灣」有一戶去年七月以400萬星元售出。政府資料顯示,賣家2007年買進時的價格為700萬星元。

原文參照:
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/18/realestate/a-high-end-property-collapse-in-singapore.html

2015-03-10聯合報/G5/UNITED DAILY NEWS 張佑生 原文參見紐時週報七版


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