Push to Get Women Onto British Boards
把女性送進英國企業董事會
By Jenny Anderson

LONDON – Four years ago, Helena Morrissey founded the 30% Club, an organization that seeks to increase the representation of women on boards to that number.
四年前，海倫娜．莫里西創立了「三成俱樂部」（the 30% Club），組織宗旨是把女性在各企業董事會中所占的比率提高到三成。

While Sheryl Sandberg, the Facebook executive, and others have implored women to assert themselves and find sponsors who can help advance their careers, countries like Norway and France have mandated legal quotas for the percentage of women serving on boards. But Ms. Morrissey has taken a different approach: directed her focus on Britain’s most powerful men.
臉書主管雪莉．桑柏格和有志一同的另一些人呼籲女性伸張自身的權益，尋找能夠協助女姓拓展職業生涯的貴人。挪威及法國等國家以立法規定董事會女性成員所占比率，莫里西則另闢蹊徑，聚焦在英國最有權勢的一些男性身上。

Working behind the scenes, she has persuaded 120 of the country’s top chairmen that they want what she wants: more diverse boards that will produce better company returns. (Thirty percent representation is the level at which organizational psychologists agree a minority voice can be heard.)
幕後耕耘的結果，她已說服120個大企業的董事長，其實雙方目標一致：更多元的董事會將讓企業收益增加。（組織心理學家一致認為，居少數者聲音要被聽見，所占必率必須達到三成。）

The approach has produced some remarkable results.
這種方式已產生很不錯的結果。

Since 2010, the percentage of women on Britain’s top boards has nearly doubled, to 23 percent, while in the United States, the figure has crept up a few percentage points to 17 percent.
自2010年迄今，英國大企業董事會中女性的占比將近增加一倍，已經達到23%，而在美國方面，女性在董事會中的占比則僅微增到17%。

Now the 30% Club has expanded, with groups in Hong Kong, South Africa, Ireland and the United States, and plans for Canada and Australia.
如今「三成俱樂部」正擴張版圖，在香港、南非、愛爾蘭和美國都已成立，並計畫推廣到加拿大和澳洲。

That Ms. Morrissey, 48, is credited with spearheading those results while raising nine children – ages 5 through 23 – could have made her the target of ire in a country that does not always celebrate success. Or it might have fueled the debate about whether a woman can or cannot have it all. It has done neither.
48歲的莫里西是9個小孩的媽（孩子的年齡從5歲到23歲不等），竟然還能帶頭拚出這樣的成績，居功厥偉，但是在一個不怎麼頌揚成功的國度，她原本可能成為眾矢之的，或者引爆女性能否同時照顧好家庭並創下成功事業的論戰。然而這些顧慮都沒發生。

“She’s an anomaly, not a template,” said her husband, Richard, 51, who is a Buddhist and former journalist, and who cares for the children at home.
「她是個特例，不是範本，」莫里西的丈夫李察如是說。51歲的李察是佛教徒，當過記者，現在在家帶小孩。

Ms. Morrissey works behind the scenes, seeking to persuade others to buy into the group’s philosophy and then own it themselves, an approach that many welcome.
莫里西在幕後運作，努力說服其他人接受「三成俱樂部」的哲學並納為己用，這種做法頗受歡迎。

“My style is not to tell people what to do but to show a path that is appealing,” she said.
「我的作風是不去告訴他人要做甚麼，而是展現一條動人的路線，」她說。

She also has encouraged men to lead the charge and recruit others.
她也鼓勵男性帶頭改變，並且呼朋引伴。

The movement has not been without detractors. One chairman told her she was going to destroy business; others wonder why she is not doing more for broader categories of diversity, such as race or sexuality.
運動發展至今，並非一路平坦。某位董事長告訴她，這樣做會毀掉企業；另有些人則質疑她為何沒有在種族或性別等更廣的領域，更努力爭取多元性。

Perhaps the 30% Club’s greatest asset is its ability to try new approaches. Hearing that midcareer women wanted mentorship, but not always within their own organizations, it created a cross-mentoring group where a female lawyer might be mentored by a male asset manager, because she might not want to talk to her boss about balancing children and work, or taking time off to care for an elderly parent.
或許「三成俱樂部」最大的資產在於嘗試新做法的能力。聽聞職涯進入中期的女性想找職場導師，卻未必是在自己的工作單位內，俱樂部便成立跨領域的導師團體，女律師也許可以找男性資產管理經理當導師，因為她可能不想和上司討論如何在子女與工作間取得平衡，或者討論請假去照顧年邁雙親這些事。

Ms. Morrissey started her career as a bond analyst for Schroders in New York. Returning to London, she was passed over for a promotion. When she asked why, she said that her boss told her it was because she had just had a baby (her first).
莫里西就業時先在紐約施羅德集團擔任債券分析師。回到倫敦後，某次升遷略過了她。詢問原因，她說主管告訴她，因為她剛生小孩，那是她的第一胎。

She left to go to Newton Investment Management, then a 7 billion-pound asset manager. In 2004, she was asked to be the chief executive. The company, a subsidiary of Bank of New York Mellon, now has 50.7 billion pounds under management.
她離職到紐銀梅隆投資管理，擔任掌管70億英鎊的資產管理人。2004年，獲任執行長。紐銀梅隆投資管理是紐約梅隆銀行的分支機構，目前管理的資產達507億英鎊。

In March 2010, she and 14 other women won the support of two influential chairmen, and decided to start the group.
2010年3月，她和另外14位女性贏得兩位頗具影響力的董事長支持後，決定創立俱樂部。

She has begun the new year by taking the group’s message to schools. Douglas Flint, the chairman of HSBC, recently offered students in east London some advice. When he goes to promote a man, he said, the reaction is often: “What took you so long? I’ve been ready for ages.” Women, he said, often question if they have the necessary skills. “Don’t be too self-effacing,” he said.
新年伊始，她將俱樂部的訊息傳遞到校園。匯豐金控董事會主席范智廉，日前提供東倫敦的學生某些建議。他說，當他想要拔擢某位男性時，碰到的反應往往是：「甚麼讓你考慮這麼久？我老早就準備好了。」他說，至於女性，經常問的是自己是否具備必要的技能。「別太謙讓，」范智謙說。

At the event, the headmaster of the school introduced Ms. Morrissey as the chief executive of Newton and one of Bloomberg’s 50 most influential people in 2014.
在范智廉演講的場合，學校校長介紹莫里西是紐銀梅隆投資管理的執行長，以及彭博商業周刊評選的2014年50位最有影響力的人士之一。

When he said she also had nine children, the room erupted with gasps, followed by chatter.
當校長說到莫里西有9名子女時，會場驚叫聲此起彼落，接著是竊竊私語。

“She has more children than most women in most jobs,” said Siobhan Lynch, 18, a student at the school. “It provides hope in a way.”
「她比大多數職位上的大多數婦女擁有更多子女，」18歲的學生休漢．林奇說：「某種意義上，這提供了希望。」

原文參照：
http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2015/01/26/helena-morrissey-aiming-at-britains-glass-ceilings-gets-results/

2015-02-10聯合報/G9版/UNITED DAILY NEWS 張佑生譯 原文參見紐時週報七版左