Snacks Laced With Marijuana Raise Concerns
By JACK HEALY

DENVER — All day long, customers at LoDo Wellness Center, one of Colorado’s new recreational marijuana stores, reach into the refrigerator and pull out tasty ways to get high. They buy sparkling peach and mandarin elixirs, watermelon Dew Drops, and sleek silver bags of chocolate truffles, each one packed with marijuana’s potent punch.

“The stuff just flies off the shelves,” said Linda Andrews, the store’s owner.

As marijuana tiptoes further toward the legal mainstream, marijuana-infused snacks have become a booming business, with varieties ranging from chocolate-peppermint Mile High Bars to peanut butter candies infused with hash oil.

Retail shops see them as a nonthreatening way into the shallow end of the marijuana pool, ideal for older customers, tourists staying in smoke-free hotels or anyone who wants the effect without the smoke and coughing.

But the popularity of edible marijuana has alarmed parents’ groups, schools and some doctors, who say the highly concentrated snacks are increasingly landing in the hands of teenagers looking for a sweet, discreet high, or of children too young to know the difference between pot brownies and regular ones.

Colorado, like the other states with medical or recreational marijuana, has tried to keep the products away from children. It has ordered stores to sell them in child-resistant packages and bars labels designed to appeal to children. It requires manufacturers to list ingredients, serving sizes and expiration dates.

But critics say the regulations are not strict enough, especially for products that can contain 10 times as much psychoactive THC as the marijuana a casual user might take. (Because prices often depend on the amount of THC, one highly potent caramel chew can sell for $20 while a package of 10 less concentrated candies might be the same price.) And like flavored cigarettes or wine coolers, critics say, edible marijuana offers a dangerously easy on-ramp for younger users.

“They’re attractive to kids; they’re easily disguised,” said Gina Carbone of Smart Colorado, a group that opposes legalization. “They’re not being regulated properly at all to protect kids.”

One survey has found a small but growing number of children seeking treatment after accidentally consuming marijuana. Fourteen such children visited the emergency department of Children’s Hospital Colorado in the Denver area from October 2009 through December 2011, researchers reported last year in the journal JAMA Pediatrics. Before 2009, researchers reported no marijuana exposures.

The research took place after an explosion of medical-marijuana shops in Colorado, but before voters passed measures to legalize the sales and use of recreational marijuana to adults 21 and older. Dr. George Sam Wang, an author of the study and a clinical instructor in pediatrics at Children’s Hospital, said he had not seen any additional increases in children’s marijuana exposure since recreational sales began the first of this year.

The children, many of them toddlers, were taken in because they seemed strangely sleepy and disoriented. One had trouble breathing. About half had eaten marijuana cookies, cakes or candies, forms that researchers believed made them more enticing.

“Those edible products are inherently more attractive than what a bud would look like,” Dr. Wang said.

In the Northern Colorado city of Longmont, 2-year-old Evelyn Hernandez was playing in the front yard outside her family’s apartment building early in January when she spotted what looked like a chocolate-chip cookie in the grass, her mother, Aida, later told the police. The girl took a few bites before Ms. Hernandez noticed and threw away the cookie.

A half-hour later, while the family was grocery shopping, Ms. Hernandez noticed that Evelyn was drowsy and drooping, and struggling to walk. When she took her to the hospital, the girl tested positive for THC, according to a police report.

“She’s fine now,” Ms. Hernandez said in a brief interview, while Evelyn, grinning, waved and made faces from the living-room couch.

On the other side of the state, in a farm town renowned for its sweet corn, a student from Olathe High School ended up in the emergency room after a 14-year-old classmate passed some marijuana-infused brownies around the school last week. Justin Harlan, the Olathe police chief, said the brownies appeared to have been homemade, not sold from a dispensary. He said his officers were still investigating how the student had gotten the brownies and whether to file felony criminal charges.

In a letter to parents, the school’s principal, Scot Brown, warned that there would be “serious consequences” for students who brought marijuana onto campus. But with recreational marijuana now legal in Colorado, school officials were bracing for more. “Marijuana food products,” Mr. Brown wrote, “will be more readily available to our young people.”

Twenty states and the District of Columbia now allow medical marijuana, and in 2012, Colorado and Washington State became the first to legalize the drug for recreational use. Sales in Colorado began on Jan. 1 and have gone smoothly so far, regulators say. Retail sales in Washington are expected to start this spring.

Marijuana, even if consumed by children in high doses, poses few of the grave dangers of overdosing on alcohol or drinking household chemicals. But doctors said young children who consume marijuana are at risk of falling and hurting themselves or falling asleep in a position where they could not breathe. For the most part, doctors who treated children in the study advised that the children be watched closely as their bodies digested the drug.

“There’s no antidote, no medicine that reverses this,” Dr. Wang said.

Compared with the 14 children who were treated after consuming marijuana, the hospital treated 48 children who had swallowed acetaminophen — the active ingredient in Tylenol — and 32 who had accidentally taken antihistamines during the same time period.

Regulators, manufacturers and retailers say they are working intensely to keep marijuana — edible or not — safe and tightly regulated. If they fail, federal authorities have warned they could step in and take action.

So far, the state has given licenses to 34 “retail marijuana product manufacturers,” who extract THC-rich oil from marijuana plants to make everything from lip balm and lotion to chocolate candies.

Tripp Keber, the managing partner of Dixie Elixirs and Edibles, said his company was fastidious about following the reams of new rules handed down by the state. It clearly labels THC content and tells consumers how long it usually takes the drug to activate. It sells its wares in silver bags and opaque silver bottles. No cartoon characters allowed.

“Having pink flamingos and grape apes on products is not appropriate,” Mr. Keber said.

The company distributes its products to about 490 medical and retail dispensaries across the state, and hopes to expand to Arizona and California. Mr. Keber wants to reach 23-year-old ski lift operators and 73-year-old grandmothers. But there is one culinary aspiration he does not have.

“We do not make a pot brownie,” he said. “It’s a little cliché for us.”

大麻點心氾濫 學童誤食送醫

紐約時報報導，自從美國科羅拉多州今年元旦允許販售娛樂用大麻後，摻大麻的糖果、點心等零食廣受歡迎，但家長團體、學校和部分醫師擔心，這種零食會對幼童和青少年造成不良影響。

丹佛市販售大麻的零售店「樂多健康中心」內，顧客打開冰箱，取出桃子或橘子口味的氣泡飲料，或是包裝精美的「松露巧克力」。這些零食都摻了大麻，不但美味，還能讓人high。

科州已試圖不讓兒童接觸摻大麻的零食。州政府命令商家用防止兒童拆開的包裝販售這類零食，禁止包裝上有吸引兒童的標籤，並要求製造商標示成分、分量和效期。

不過批評者說，這些規範不夠嚴格，某些商品中能影響心理狀態的大麻活躍成分「四氫大麻酚」（THC）含量，可能是一般吸大麻者攝取量的十倍；而且，可食用的大麻就像加香料的香菸，容易讓年輕人不自覺地吸入危險物質。

反對大麻合法化的團體「明智科羅拉多」說：「這些零食看起來跟一般甜食差不多，對小孩很有吸引力。」

即使兒童食用高劑量大麻，對健康造成的危害也遠比飲酒過量或喝下家用化學製品來得小，不過醫師說，食用大麻的幼童可能跌倒、傷害自己或在入睡後無法呼吸。

一月初，兩歲女童艾芙琳在家中庭院玩耍時，發現一個像巧克力棒的東西，咬了幾口，一個半小時後，母親注意到她全身無力、昏昏欲睡、走路困難，送醫後檢測出THC陽性反應。

另有一名十四歲中學生，一月下旬吃了同學給的摻大麻布朗尼蛋糕後，被送去急診。警方查出這些蛋糕為家中自製。

原文參照：
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/01/us/snacks-laced-with-marijuana-raise-concerns.html

2014-02-02．聯合報．A9．國際．編譯李京倫