Automatic Recharging, From a Distance

By ANNE EISENBERG

THINK how convenient it would be if you could recharge electronic devices without ever having to plug them in — or even take them out of your briefcase.

Instead, you could leave your briefcase, tote bag or backpack on a counter in the living room at home, and the smartphones and tablets within could see to their own recharging. And the robotic vacuum cleaner in the corner of the room could do likewise.

The WiTricity Corporation in Watertown, Mass., has developed a novel technology to handle just these sorts of wireless energy transfers. The company makes and licenses a system of magnetic coils and companion electronics that turn wireless charging into a built-in function of smartphones and other devices.

Eric Giler, the C.E.O., said consumer electronics using systems from WiTricity, which is short for wireless electricity, would appear this year. The systems will not be sold directly to consumers, but to equipment manufacturers who will embed the magnetic coils in phones, laptops and other products and systems.

WiTricity has signed a technology transfer and licensing agreement with MediaTek, a semiconductor company in Taiwan, to collaborate on systems for wireless charging of mobile handsets, tablet computers, game controllers and other devices, Mr. Giler said.

WiTricity is also developing technology for wireless charging of electric vehicles and, later, for use in implanted medical devices like heart pumps, said Katie Hall, its chief technology officer.

The technology is based on magnetic induction — the process used to recharge electric toothbrushes. In the toothbrush, the base has a magnetic coil that generates a magnetic field. A second coil in the toothbrush captures some of that field, inducing an electric current.

But electric toothbrushes transfer power only from the primary coil to the secondary one at very close range. Move the brush a short distance from the base, and it won’t charge.

WiTricity extends the range of induction, wirelessly charging objects that are three or four feet away — sometimes farther — from the primary source of electricity, Mr. Giler said.

“This is a better form of induction,” said Jason W. Fleischer, an associate professor of electrical engineering at Princeton who is familiar with the technology. Professor Fleischer, whose research is in electromagnetics and optics, has no financial connection to the company.

“Direct contact of a device to the counter isn’t necessary,” he said, “And you don’t have to place your phone or tablet with a specific orientation on the counter for them to recharge.”

Using the same technology, a homeowner could plug a WiTricity coil into an outlet in the living room. Then the robotic vacuum cleaner a few feet away, also equipped with an embedded coil, could recharge itself wirelessly.

WiTricity’s technology was developed by Marin Soljacic, a physics professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and colleagues. It was reported in the journal Science in 2007, the year the company was founded. Dr. Soljacic, who received a $500,000 MacArthur award in 2008, serves on the board of WiTricity as it commercializes the system.

He extended the reach of induction by fine-tuning the design of the magnetic coils that generate oscillating magnetic fields.

Professor Fleischer said that “the magic is in the tuning.” The magnetic coil that plugs into an outlet is engineered so it resonates at the same frequency as the companion coil embedded in the smartphone or other device. The devices join in a continuous magnetic field, and enough resonance results to induce an electrical charge for needy batteries.

WITRICITY’S technology is timely, said A. Douglas Stone, chairman of the Department of Applied Physics at Yale, and not only for the billions of people who use personal electronic devices

Electric cars might be more appealing to some consumers if they could be charged wirelessly, rather than by attaching cables. And, soon, the technology could benefit rechargeable electronic medical implants, like pacemakers and neurostimulation systems for pain management.

For all these products, Dr. Stone said, induction that works at distances of a meter or two — about three to six feet — might be useful. “The difference in what you can do when you charge at a very short range — essentially contact — and when you can do it at a meter or two, is huge,” he said.

一公尺內…無線充電
好消息，這種消費類電子產品今年內即可上市；台灣由聯發科取得這項技術授權。

現在幾乎人手一部手機或平板電腦，如果不用充電器就能夠充電，該有多方便，如果充電時不用從皮包或手提箱拿出來就更棒了。

紐約時報報導，美國麻州WiTricity技術公司已開發出遠距充電技術，應用這種技術的設備可以從一公尺以外的地方充電。回到家，隨手把包包一扔，包包裡的手機就能充得飽飽的；放在牆角的機器人吸塵器也同樣可以自動充電。

WiTricity執行長季勒表示，應用這種無線充電系統的消費類電子產品今年內即可上市。台灣的半導體公司聯發科已與取得這項技術的授權。

遠距無線的原理和電動牙刷類似，都是應用磁感應技術，充電座的誘導電磁線圈產生磁場，和牙刷的感應線圈感應，產生電流。但電動牙刷和充電座必須接觸才能充電，WiTricity的技術把充電距離拉開到一公尺左右，只要把電磁線圈安裝在客廳插座裡，就不必再煩惱忘記充電的問題。

這項技術由麻省理工學院教授索嘉奇研發，他因此獲得50萬美元的麥克阿瑟獎獎金，WiTricity也由麻省理工學院獨立出來成立公司，進行商業應用的開發。

耶魯大學應用物理學院主席史東表示，別小看一公尺多距離，對無線充電來說，這已經增加非常廣泛的應用。除了現在有數十億人使用的行動電子設備，未來可以運用在電動車、心律調節器、疼痛管理的神經刺激系統等。

原文參照：
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/11/business/built-in-wireless-charging-for-electronic-devices.html

2012-03-29/聯合晚報/A14版/資訊消費 朱小明