In South African Politics, A Heated Debate on Race
南非白人政黨 用黑人拉票
By John Eligon

CAPE TOWN – She has unmistakably African roots, from her birthplace (the kingdom of Swaziland) to one of her native tongues (isiZulu) to her mocha skin.
出生在史瓦濟蘭王國，祖魯語是母語之一，皮膚呈深咖啡色，她身上明明白白帶著非洲血統。

But for many people, Lindiwe Mazibuko is just not black enough. During a parliamentary session this year, a government minister called her a coconut (white on the inside, brown on the outside). One political opponent described Ms. Mazibuko as the tea girl, or servant, for the leader of the country’s chief opposition party. Twitter users have flung racial slurs at her and said she was naïve.
許多人卻認為琳蒂葳．馬濟布可就是不夠黑。南非國會今年開議期間有位部長稱她外棕內白的「椰子」。一名競選對手更說她是為最大反對黨黨魁端茶送水的女僕。推特用戶以帶種族偏見的話辱罵她，還說她幼稚。

Even a member of her own party was quoted as saying that when you closed your eyes and listened to Ms. Mazibuko, “you would say a white person is talking to you.”
甚至有人引述她黨內成員的話說，閉上眼睛聽她對你說話，「會以為她是白人」。

There is a profound ambivalence surrounding Ms. Mazibuko – and it represents the stiff challenge facing her party, the Democratic Alliance, in its effort to wrestle power from the dominant governing party, the African National Congress.
圍繞馬濟布可身邊的，是深濃的愛恨交雜矛盾情緒，而這也說明她所屬政黨民主聯盟要從執政黨非洲民族黨手中奪下政權，挑戰有多大。

Ms. Mazibuko, 31, became the first black leader of the alliance’s parliamentary caucus after an internal party vote in October. She is now the face of an effort to diversify the party’s leadership, shed its stereotype as the party of South Africa’s white elite and give it hope of catching up to the A.N.C., which captured more than 65 percent of the vote to the alliance’s 16 percent during the last national election in 2009.
31 歲的馬濟布可在去年10月黨內投票後，成為民主聯盟國會黨團第一位黑人領袖。她現在是民主聯盟奮發圖強的門面，該黨正力求讓領導團隊多元化，擺脫「南非白 人精英」政黨的刻板印象，燃起來日追上非洲民族黨的希望。2009年上屆全國大選，非洲民族黨得票率超過65%，民主聯盟僅約16%。

Yet Ms. Mazibuko’s critics say her private school education and refined British accent are signs that she is out of touch with most black South Africans. Critics have said that her party pushed Ms. Mazibuko into the second-most powerful position, despite her inexperience, simply because she was black and might help broaden the alliance’s appeal.
但批評者說，馬濟布可讀的是私立學校，英語帶優雅英國腔，在在顯示她與多數南非黑人有著隔閡。批評者說，民主聯盟無視她資歷不足，硬把她推上黨內第二高位，純因她是黑人，可擴大黨的吸引力。

“She can only attract a particular type of black young person, not the whole spectrum of black young people,” said Baleka Mbete, the chairwoman of the A.N.C. “I don’t think the people she would attract are the majority.”
非洲民主黨主席巴萊卡‧姆貝特說：「馬濟布可只能吸引特定類型的黑人年輕人，而非各樣年輕黑人。我認為她能吸引的只是少數。」

But there is an untapped population of young black voters raised in middle-class environments like Ms. Mazibuko’s, voters who talk like her, were born after apartheid and will be able to vote for president for the first time in 2014. The Democratic Alliance’s hope is that those voters do not feel the same emotional attachment as their elders to the A.N.C., which liberated blacks from apartheid. Instead, the alliance hopes that young blacks will look to leaders like Ms. Mazibuko as someone who represents their interests.
然而但年輕黑人選民中有一個族群尚待開發，他們和馬濟布可一樣在中產階級環境中長大，談吐與她類似，在種族隔離政策結束後出生，且將是2014年總統大選的首投族。民主聯盟希望這群選民有別於老一輩，對當年把黑人從種族隔離政策解放出來的非洲民族黨不再有難以割捨的感情，轉而把馬濟布可這樣的領袖視為代表自身利益的人物。

“Can’t people be judged for who they are?” asked Helen Zille, the leader of the Democratic Alliance. “She’s highly intelligent, she’s very capable.”
民主聯盟黨魁海倫．齊勒說：「難道就不能用人的本質來評斷一個人嗎？馬濟布可非常聰明，十分能幹。」

Ms. Mazibuko has maintained a tough exterior amid the questions about her blackness. Suggesting that all black people must be a certain way was an apartheid way of thinking, she said. During some of her radio appearances, she said, people called in demanding to hear her speak isiZulu.
面對外界對她黑人成分的質疑，馬濟布可態度始終強硬。她說，暗指某個樣子才算黑人，就是種族隔離式的思想。她說她有幾次上電台節目，有聽眾打電話去，要求聽她說祖魯語。

“I refuse to do that,” she said. “I don’t believe being black is a prize people can award to you.”
她說：「我拒絕。我認為，黑人身分不是別人可以送給你的獎品。」

Ms. Mazibuko’s father was a banker and small-business owner, and her mother was a nurse. When she was 6, her parents moved the family from Swaziland to apartheid-torn South Africa, believing that, despite the racism, the country would provide them with new opportunities.
馬濟布可的父親是銀行家兼小企業主，母親是護士。她六歲時雙親帶著全家從史瓦濟蘭搬到被種族隔離政策撕裂的南非，他們認為，儘管種族主義盛行，這個國家仍可提供許多新機會。

She became interested in politics after the September 11 terrorist attacks when she was studying classical singing in England. She was disturbed by the way Muslims were portrayed. It smacked of the racism that had defined South African politics, she said.
九一一恐怖攻擊發生後，當時在英格蘭學古典聲樂的馬濟布可開始對政治感到興趣。當時世人給穆斯林貼上的標籤讓她不安。她說，其中有點南非政壇過去特有的種族主義意味。

“It made me pause, and it made me think about things I could do in the future, I suppose, to shed a bit of light on that,” she said.
她說：「這讓我停下來省思，想想未來可以做些什麼事，來把這個種族主義的黑暗角落稍稍照亮。」

Ms. Mazibuko also began to change her view of the role government should play in people’s lives. Whereas township life had led her to believe that government needed to pull people up, she said, she began to adopt the view that government empowers people to help themselves.
對於政府該在民眾生活中扮演什麼角色，她的看法也開始改變。她說，雖然黑人區的生活讓她認為政府必須拉拔民眾，她卻開始採納如下觀點：政府該做的是賦予人民權力，讓人民幫助自己。

原文參照：
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/28/world/africa/in-south-africa-mazibuko-is-democratic-alliances-new-face.html

2012-03-20聯合報/G9版/UNITEDDAILYNEWS 馮克芸譯 原文參見紐時週報十一版下