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如果覺得自己懷才不遇，到了年終應該更是百感交集；不妨跟這21位奇人異士共飲一杯，同消愁、怒、或怨。。
我做了個小統計，21位中有6位自殺(1)；這個比例顯然比社會上一般人要高出1,000倍乃至2,000倍(2)。看來，一個人還是不要自視過高為妙。
另一方面，「賴活」的結果很可能是「時來運轉」，等到自己的「出頭天」。這可以說是：「不是不報，時候未到」的第二種詮釋。
附註：
1. 除了下文所報導的5位外，第18位圖靈也是自殺棄世。
2. 自殺率各國各年不同；美國2022年自殺率為.014%；台灣2024年自殺率為.017%。
21 People Who Died Thinking They Were A Failure, But Were Judged Otherwise By History
"He died penniless, unaware that his novel would go on to become THE quintessential Great American Novel."
Michelle No, 12/29/25
Innovative ideas are not always appreciated in their time. History is full of examples of people whose work was rejected, vilified, or simply mocked — only to reach notoriety shortly after the creator's death. Recently, redditor Bob the blacksmith asked, "Who died believing themselves a failure, but was judged otherwise by history?" and the answers will have you rethinking how you look at all the brilliant folks around you.
1. "Kotoku Wamura, the mayor of Fudai village, built a huge and expensive tsunami defense wall and gate system. In 2011, when the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami hit, Fudai was saved. Unfortunately, Wakura died in 1997, never knowing how many were saved by his flood defenses."
"He went way above budget to get the extra height for the walls, while all the townspeople were mad about the tax expenditure waste. Only one person died in 2011 — a fisherman who went out to check on his boat." —u/Sergovan
2. "Ludwig Boltzmann was a theoretical physicist who laid the foundation for statistical mechanics, essential to understanding fundamental physics today. He spent most of his life defending his theories, which were derided by his peers. He died by suicide before his work became generally accepted by the community and part of every undergraduate physics course. His equation defining entropy is engraved on his tombstone." —u/Frisk_Alive
3. "Vincent van Gogh is a classic example. He thought he’d failed his whole life, sold almost no paintings, and struggled with mental health. Today, he’s celebrated as one of the greatest painters in history. Wild when you think about it." —u/Bignigcountry
4. "Stieg Larsson (author of The Girl With The Dragon Tattoo) died suddenly before the books were published. Never saw them explode globally. Never saw the movies. Never saw the hundreds of millions of copies sold. He died thinking he was a journalist with a side project." —u/Dr-Figgleton
5. "John Kennedy Toole died by suicide after not being able to get his book published. A decade after his death, his book, A Confederacy of Dunces, was published and won the Pulitzer Prize." —u/DrGeraldBaskums
6. "Alfred Wegener's continental drift theory was laughed at, because he was seen as an outsider to the scientific community. He died in an expedition without knowing if his theory was proven true or not. —u/ayam_goreng_kalasan
7. "Ignaz Semmelweis came up with the brilliant idea that doctors should wash their hands before seeing patients, particularly before seeing women in labor. He figured this out before the inception of germ theory and was basically shunned and mocked by the medical community. He had a mental breakdown and ended up dying in an asylum, following an infection he received after being beaten by guards." —u/so-so-it-goes
8. "Robert E. Howard invented sword and sorcery fantasy and created Conan the Barbarian. He died by suicide at age 30. —u/black_flag_4ever
9. "Georges Bizet died at 36, thinking that his opera, Carmen, was a failure. After his death, it would go on to be one of the most frequently produced operas of all time." —u/NoticeSignificant785
10. "Confucius died believing his political and moral frameworks on how to live and govern harmoniously would die out with him. His students continued his legacy and Confucian ideas continue to deeply influence norms and values across East Asia." —u/Intellectual_wizzard
11. "Jonathan Larson, the creator of the musical Rent died hours before the show's premiere. It's not exactly the same thing, you might say, but he never lived to see his creation recognized as the most successful musical of his era and learn how many people were truly touched by his work." —u/CountySpirited5051
12. "Emily Dickinson lived a reclusive life, thinking her poetry didn't matter. Today she's a literary legend." —u/Candy_Beauty105
13. "Bill Finger was cheated out of his artistic credit by Bob Kane and died penniless. He's now remembered as the co-creator of Batman." —u/futuresdawn
14. "Egbert Sen was a Pakistani-born British musician who earned extra money by working as an extra in British-produced film and TV in the '70s and '80s. One of these minor roles was as a man in an orange jumpsuit evacuating Cloud City in a hurry in The Empire Strikes Back. He died in 2019, without ever having achieved fame. He was completely unaware that this one minor character would attain a massive cult following amongst Star Wars fans, purely because he ran holding an ice cream maker as though his livelihood depended on it. He was completely unaware that this character would have a trading card, action figure, be frequently cosplayed by fans." —u/Intelligent-Twist874
15. "Aaron Swartz co-founded Reddit and died by suicide after the federal government decided to press stacked charges against him for downloading JSTOR content. He's considered a martyr by many people today." —u/MkVsTheWorld
16. "F. Scott Fitzgerald died penniless, unaware that his novel, The Great Gatsby, would go on to become THE quintessential Great American Novel. —u/Dry-Excitement1757
"One of the primary reasons The Great Gatsby DID become one of the Great American Novels is because the U.S. military included copies in GI rations during WWII, and suddenly everyone loved the thing." —u/hi_imjoey
17. "Toussaint Louverture, leader of the Haitian revolution, didn’t necessarily see himself as a failure, but he didn’t live to see the results of the slave rebellion he led against France. He died in a French prison." —u/Fitzgnarl
18. "Alan Turing was criminally persecuted, stripped of his dignity, and died thinking he was a disgrace, when in reality he basically helped save millions of lives and laid the groundwork for modern computing." —u/Mother-Ad-6360
19. "Ada Lovelace was a genius mathematician who invented computer programming in her teens. She worked with Charles Babbage via correspondence on the designs for the first computer. Both of them died before the technology was developed to actually build a computer. Babbage had plenty of other accomplishments to his name, but Lovelace took up drinking and gambling and died without ever knowing how important her contribution to the world would become." —u/Yeti_Detective
20. "Ralph Wood was the architect behind Causey Arch, completed in 1726, and the largest single-span bridge in the world at the time. It remained so for the next 30 or so years. At its peak, over 900 horse-trucks would cross it every day! However, Ralph believed the arch would collapse, and in 1727, he leapt to his death from the arch. It remains standing today. —u/AnnualAntics
21. "Wounded in the Civil War, Dr. John S. Pemberton became addicted to morphine while trying to treat his own illness. So, he invented a drink designed to help cure his addiction. He sold the formula to a business partner and died poor and in obscurity. His drink did not go unnoticed; today, it’s called Coca Cola." — u/HiddenHolding
Can you think of any other people who died before seeing their work appreciated by the masses? Share them in the comments or anonymous form below.
Note: Responses have been edited for length/clarity.
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