|
中東風雲錄--開欄文：埃及的加薩重建方案 -- Al Jazeera
|
瀏覽1,826 ｜回應16｜推薦1 |
|
|
|
下文為本欄開欄文。
埃及的加薩重建方案 -- Al Jazeera
What is Egypt’s plan for the reconstruction of Gaza?
Arab League endorses Egyptian proposal that provides alternative to US President Trump’s plan to take over Gaza.
Al Jazeera Staff, 03/04/25
Arab states have adopted Egypt’s Gaza reconstruction plan, providing a potential path forward after Israel’s devastating war on the Palestinian enclave.
Egypt unveiled its plan on Tuesday while hosting an Arab League Summit in its capital Cairo.
The plan offers an alternative to United States President Donald Trump’s suggestion that the Gaza Strip be depopulated to “develop” the enclave, under US control, in what critics have called ethnic cleansing. Under the Egyptian plan, Gaza’s Palestinian population would not be forced to leave the territory.
Trump had insisted that Egypt and Jordan take Palestinians forced out of Gaza by his plan, but that was quickly rejected, and the US has signalled that it is open to hearing what an Arab plan for Gaza’s post-war reconstruction would be.
Speaking at the start of the summit, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi said that Trump would be able to achieve peace in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Here’s everything you need to know about the plan, based on Al Jazeera’s own reporting, as well as drafts of the plan reported on by the Reuters news agency and the Egyptian newspaper Al-Ahram.
Play Video 請至原網頁觀看視頻
What does the Egyptian plan call for?
The plan consists of three major stages: Interim measures, reconstruction and governance.
The first stage would last about six months, while the next two phases would take place over a combined four to five years.
The aim is to reconstruct Gaza – which Israel has almost completely destroyed – maintain peace and security and reassert the governance of the Palestinian Authority (PA) in the territory, 17 years after it was kicked out following fighting between Fatah, which dominates the PA, and Hamas.
How does the plan aim to rebuild Gaza?
A six-month interim period would require a committee of Palestinian technocrats – operating under the management of the PA – to clear the rubble from Salah al-Din Street, which is the main north-south highway in the Gaza Strip.
Once the roads are clear, 200,000 temporary housing units would be built to accommodate 1.2 million people and about 60,000 damaged buildings restored.
According to the blueprint, longer-term reconstruction requires an additional four to five years after the interim measures are completed. Over that span, the plan aims to build at least 400,000 permanent homes, as well as rebuilding Gaza’s seaport and international airport.
Gradually, basic provisions such as water, a waste system, telecommunication services and electricity would also be restored.
The plan further calls for the establishment of a Steering and Management Council, which would be a financial fund supporting the interim governing body in Gaza.
In addition, conferences will be held for international donors to provide the necessary funding for reconstruction and long-term development in the Strip.
Who would be in charge of Gaza?
The plan calls for a group of “independent Palestinian technocrats” to manage affairs in Gaza, in effect replacing Hamas.
The technocratic government would be responsible for overseeing humanitarian aid and would pave the way for the PA to administer Gaza, according to el-Sisi.
Speaking at Tuesday’s summit, PA President Mahmoud Abbas said that an election could take place next year if circumstances allowed.
On the security front, Egypt and Jordan have both pledged to train Palestinian police officers and deploy them to Gaza. The two countries have also called on the United Nations Security Council to consider authorising a peacekeeping mission to oversee governance in Gaza until reconstruction is complete.
How much is this going to cost?
Egypt is calling for $53 bn to fund the reconstruction of Gaza, with the money distributed over three phases.
In the first six-month phase it would cost $3bn to clear rubble from Salah al-Din Street, construct temporary housing and restore partially damaged homes.
The second phase would take two years and cost $20bn. The work of rubble removal would continue in this phase, as well as the establishment of utility networks and the building of more housing units.
Phase three would cost $30bn and take two and a half years. It would include completing housing for Gaza’s whole population, establishing the first phase of an industrial zone, building fishing and commercial ports, and building an airport, among other services.
According to the plan, the money will be sourced from a variety of international sources including the UN and international financial organisations as well as foreign and private sector investments.
Is the plan going to work?
There are still a number of variables that could complicate the plan. Perhaps most importantly, it is unclear whether Hamas, Israel or the US will agree to it.
Hamas welcomed the reconstruction plan, and has previously agreed to a technocratic government. But it is less clear if it will accept the return of the PA, which itself would face the perception from its critics that it has returned to Gaza on the back of Israel’s tanks.
Hamas may be willing to discuss its removal from governance, but is adamantly against its disarmament – something the Egyptian plan adopted by the Arab League did not discuss.
Israel has made it clear that this is a red line, and that Hamas will not be allowed to keep its weapons. But Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has also said that he will not allow the PA to return to Gaza.
There is also the question of whether Trump will abandon his idea of a US-controlled “Middle East Riviera” for the Egyptian plan. It is difficult to predict what Trump’s position will be, particularly if Israel signals its opposition to the Egyptian plan.
What has the response been so far?
In response to Egypt’s plan, Israel said that Arab states needed to “break free from past constraints and collaborate to create a future of stability and security in the region”.
Instead, Israel continues to back Trump’s Gaza displacement plan – which echoes a longstanding call from the Israeli far-right to depopulate Gaza.
Egypt called Israel’s response “unacceptable”, with Minister of Foreign Affairs Badr Abdelatty describing the Netanyahu government’s position as “stubborn and extremist”.
Abdelatty said it would be impossible to see peace in the region without an independent Palestinian state. “No single state should be allowed to impose its will on the international community,” he added.
The White House continues to stand by Trump’s plan for Gaza, but said it would welcome collaboration with regional partners – except Hamas.
“While the President stands by his bold vision for a post-war Gaza, he welcomes input from our Arab partners in the region. It’s clear his proposals have driven the region to come to the table rather than allow this issue to devolve into further crisis,” White House National Security Council spokesman Brian Hughes said.
“President Trump has been clear that Hamas cannot continue to govern Gaza,” he added.
相關閱讀：
Arab leaders endorse Egypt’s Gaza reconstruction plan
European leaders back 'realistic' Arab plan for Gaza
For Israel, ceasefire is a continuation of war by other means
The Egyptian Gaza plan: A deadly trap for Israel and the US
The Egyptian plan for postwar Gaza is a good starting point—but it needs changes
本文於 修改第 3 次
|
|
好人難做：以色列軍方爆醜聞 – M. Lidman/J. Frankel
|
|
|
推薦1 |
|
|
|
「道德」的重要性不在於它能導出「禮教」或「道學」；而在於：「四維不張，國乃滅亡」(《管子•牧民》第1；「四維」之意見該篇第2)。其「所以然」者，蓋因：「道德」的功能在維繫社會穩定發展；「道德」淪喪則社會秩序動盪，社會秩序動盪則國將不國。
美國的衰敗驗證了管子的睿智，以色列其能遠乎？
Israel rocked by scandal as top military lawyer resigns, goes missing, is found and thrown into jail
MELANIE LIDMAN/JULIA FRANKEL, 11/04/25
JERUSALEM (AP) — Until last week, Maj. Gen. Yifat Tomer-Yerushalmi was the Israeli army's top lawyer. Now she is behind bars and at the center of a scandal rocking the country after a bizarre sequence of events that included her abrupt resignation, a brief disappearance and a frantic search that led authorities to find her on a Tel Aviv beach.
The soap opera-worthy saga was touched off last week by Tomer-Yerushalmi’s explosive admission that she approved the leak of a surveillance video at the center of a politically divisive investigation into allegations of severe abuse against a Palestinian at a notorious Israeli military prison.
The video shows part of an assault in which Israeli soldiers are accused of sexually abusing a Palestinian detainee.
By leaking the video last year, Tomer-Yerushalmi aimed to expose the seriousness of the allegations her office was investigating. Instead, it triggered fierce criticism from Israel's hard-line political leaders. After Tomer-Yerushalmi resigned under pressure last week, her critics continued to heave personal insults.
She left a cryptic note for her family and abandoned her car near a beach. That led to fears she may have taken her own life and prompted an intensive search that included the use of military drones.
She was found alive at the beach Sunday night, at which point more vitriol against her was unleashed.
“We can resume the lynch,” right-wing TV personality Yinon Magal, an ally of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, posted on X with a winking-face emoji.
After it was revealed that one of Tomer-Yerushalmi's phones had disappeared, right-wing politicians and commentators began to accuse her of staging a suicide attempt as a way to destroy potential evidence.
The extraordinary episode shows two years of devastating war have done little to heal a country that was deeply divided even before Hamas' Oct. 7, 2023, attack. It also makes Tomer-Yerushalmi the latest in a long line of top security officials who have either left office or been forced out, most of them to be replaced by people considered loyal to Netanyahu and his hardline government.
Anger over leak distracts from severe abuse at heart of case
At a court hearing Monday, the judge said Tomer-Yerushalmi's detention would be extended until Wednesday on suspicion of committing fraud, breach of trust and obstruction of justice. While the investigation into her actions continues, she is being held at a women’s prison in central Israel.
Israeli media reported that former chief military prosecutor Col. Matan Solomesh was also arrested in connection with the leak investigation. The prime minister's office has refused to comment on Solomesh’s arrest.
The fury over the leaked video reveals the depth of polarization in Israel — and at least for the moment, keeps the media and the public focused on the leak and not the allegations of abuse.
The assault occurred on July 5, 2024, at the Sde Teiman military prison, according to the indictment against the accused soldiers. The AP has investigated allegations of inhumane treatment and abuse at Sde Teiman that predate those in the surveillance video.
That video, which has been aired by Israeli news, shows soldiers taking a detainee into an area they cordoned off with shields in an apparent attempt to hide their actions. The indictment said the soldiers assaulted the Palestinian prisoner and sodomized him with a knife, causing multiple injuries.
A medical staffer familiar with the case who spoke on condition of anonymity out of fear for his safety said the detainee arrived at a civilian hospital in life-threatening condition with blunt trauma to the abdomen and the chest and fractured ribs.
He said the detainee underwent surgery for a perforated rectum and was released back to Sde Teiman days later. The staffer said it was the most extreme abuse case he was familiar with from Sde Teiman.
When military police came to Sde Teiman in July to detain the soldiers suspected of abuse, they scuffled with protesters opposed to the arrests. Later, hundreds of violent protesters broke into the detention center.
In her resignation letter, Tomer-Yerushalmi wrote that she had exposed evidence of the abuse to counter the idea that the military was unfairly targeting its own soldiers. That idea was creating a danger to the military’s law enforcement, she said, citing the break-in.
She wrote that the military had a “duty to investigate when there is reasonable suspicion of violence against a detainee.
“Unfortunately, this basic understanding — that there are actions which must never be taken even against the vilest of detainees — no longer convinces everyone,” she wrote.
The Palestinian detainee who was the subject of the alleged abuse in the video was released back to Gaza last month as part of an exchange between living hostages and Palestinian prisoners, according to documents from the military prosecutor’s office obtained by the AP.
The case is still pending before the military court.
A web of legal issues
Three separate legal issues must be sorted out as part of Israel’s investigation into what happened at Sde Teiman, said Yohanan Plesner, the president of the Jerusalem-based think tank Israel Democracy Institute.
The first is the allegation that Israeli soldiers tortured Hamas militants while they were in detention. The second is whether Israeli civilians, including members of parliament, tried to disrupt the investigation by breaking into the military base where the soldiers accused of the actions were being held. The third is whether the military attorney general allegedly committed a host of offenses, including fraud, to undermine the investigation into how a video purporting to show the abuse was leaked to the media.
The intense rhetoric over the past few days is reminiscent of what it was like in Israel immediately before the Oct. 7 attack that launched the war in Gaza, Plesner said. At the time, the public was deeply divided over Netanyahu’s push to overhaul the judiciary.
The concern for a few hours Sunday night about Tomer-Yerushalmi’s fate should serve as a “stop sign” to the Israeli public — and especially to commentators who derided her personally, Plesner said.
“It was very sad to see how the internal discourse can bring about such potentially tragic outcome on a personal level,” Plesner said.
It felt especially symbolic, he said, that Tomer-Yerushalmi was in court while the Israeli government held its official memorial ceremony marking the 30th anniversary of the assassination of then-Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin.
Many regard the assassination as Israel's lowest point in terms of divisions and incitement among the Israeli public, and worry that the dramatic events of the weekend foreshadow Israel's return to a similar period of internal strife.
“It was very sad to see how the internal discourse can bring about such potentially tragic outcome on a personal level,” Plesner said. “There's a way how to debate our differences in a democratic society."
本文於 修改第 1 次
|
|
了解最新「加薩和平方案」 -- Adam Rasgon等
|
|
|
推薦1 |
|
|
|
As Gaza Deal Nears, Palestinians and Israelis Cheer — and Worry
With the agreement still not finalized, people in Gaza and Israel celebrated a possible end to two years of war, but hoped they were not doing so prematurely.
Adam Rasgon/Bilal Shbair/Liam Stack/Michael Levenson, Reporting from Jerusalem, Tel Aviv and Gaza, 10/09/25
Flashing victory signs, waving flags and pouring into streets and plazas, Israelis and Palestinians celebrated on Thursday as Israel and Hamas moved toward a cease-fire and a hostage-prisoner exchange that could pave the way for an end to two years of devastating war in Gaza.
Early Friday, the Israeli government put its stamp of approval on the deal reached by negotiators for Hamas and Israel in Egypt earlier in the week. President Trump said he expected that the Israelis being held hostage in Gaza would be released on Monday or Tuesday in exchange for Palestinians imprisoned in Israel.
Mr. Trump also said he was planning to travel to Egypt for a ceremonial signing of the agreement, which his administration helped broker, and to Israel to address its Parliament at the invitation of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu.
Speaking at a cabinet meeting on Thursday, Mr. Trump described the agreement as a “momentous breakthrough in the Middle East.”
Although the text of the agreement had not been made public, it promises at least a cease-fire, if not a more lasting end to a war that has set off a humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza, battered Hamas militarily and left Israel exhausted and isolated internationally. The conflict has also contributed to a rise in antisemitic violence across the world.
Shosh Bedrosian, an Israeli government spokeswoman, said that a full cease-fire in Gaza would go into effect 24 hours after the government endorsed the agreement. But the Israeli foreign minister, Gideon Saar, said the truce would begin immediately after the vote.
Israeli forces would first pull its forces back to lines that will leave them in control of about 53 percent of the Gaza Strip, said Ms. Bedrosian. After the withdrawal, Hamas would then have 72 hours to return all the hostages, she added. The Israeli military said that it was preparing to lead the operation for the hostages’ return and to “transition to adjusted deployment lines soon.”
Khalil al-Hayya, Hamas’s chief negotiator, said that Israel and Hamas had “reached an agreement to end the war and the aggression against our people.” The agreement includes the release of 250 Palestinians serving life sentences in Israel and 1,700 Gazans imprisoned by Israel since the war began, he said.
He said mediators and the United States had provided guarantees that the agreement meant “the war is completely over.”
The initial agreement addresses only a few of the 20 points in the plan Mr. Trump proposed, and some of the most difficult issues between Israel and Hamas appeared to have been left to future negotiations. Among those issues are who would govern a postwar Gaza and whether — and how — Hamas would lay down its weapons.
In Gaza, where food shortages have led international experts to declare a famine in part of the territory, aid agencies expressed hope that they could begin speeding supplies to the hungry.
Hamas and Qatar, one of the countries brokering the negotiations, indicated that aid would be allowed into Gaza. The United Nations secretary general, António Guterres, said the U.N. and its partners were ready to scale up food, water, shelter and medical assistance in Gaza once a cease-fire went into effect.
Hours after Mr. Trump announced the deal, the Israeli military reminded residents of Gaza that its troops continued to occupy the territory and were still fighting a war. Explosions and smoke rose from Gaza Thursday morning, indicating that Israeli military operations were continuing even as a cease-fire was expected to begin soon. In the Gaza City neighborhood of Sabra, more than 40 people were believed to have been buried under the rubble of a strike, according to a spokesman for a rescue service under the Hamas-run Interior Ministry of Gaza.
In Khan Younis, dozens of Palestinians celebrated near Nasser Hospital — a site of Israeli strikes during the war — clapping and marching through the streets after the deal was announced. One man chanted prayers. Another sprayed party foam. Children flashed the victory sign.
In interviews across Gaza, many Palestinians expressed relief and joy, but also disbelief and fear. Some said their hopes had been raised by past cease-fire negotiations, only to be dashed when those talks collapsed.
The war has left Gaza in ruins, with tens of thousands dead, many wounded or maimed, and countless without a home.
Doaa Hamdouna, 39, said she had heard people celebrating the deal but could not bring herself to join them.
“I still don’t trust it,” said Ms. Hamdouna, a math teacher from Gaza City who said she had fled the Israeli military five times during the war. “I’m mixed between wanting to believe it will last and fearing or worrying that it won’t, that we’ll never really stand in our neighborhoods in Gaza City again.”
Mohammed Fares, 25, who has been sheltering in Deir al Balah, said he was “so happy” that a deal had been announced but worried that the future would have no end of suffering, with “so many things totally ruined and destroyed.”
“It will take decades to make Gaza a humane place to live,” Mr. Fares said.
In Israel, crowds swelled on the Tel Aviv plaza known as Hostages Square as news of the deal spread. Israelis waved flags printed with yellow ribbons for those still in captivity, along with American flags, while singing and dancing. A man unscrewed a bottle of arak, a traditional anise-flavored spirit, poured glasses all around and a group raised a toast.
“It’s relief that it’s finally OK to feel something that isn’t grief: joy,” said Hila Ramati-Harel, 29.
Itzik Horn, whose son, Eitan Horn, is among the 20 hostages believed to be alive in Gaza, said he was not yet ready to accept that the captives were going to be released. “Only once I see them, I’ll know that it’s over,” he said.
Three hospitals in the Tel Aviv area said they were preparing to receive the hostages; the remains of those who died in captivity are also expected to be returned to Israel.
The hostages are among some 250 people seized on Oct. 7, 2023, the bloodiest day in Israeli history, when Hamas led a surprise attack on southern Israel that killed about 1,200 people, most of them civilians.
In agreeing to free the hostages, a badly weakened Hamas took a significant risk, giving up much of the remaining leverage it has over Israel. The group had long said it was willing to release the hostages in exchange for the complete withdrawal of Israeli forces from Gaza, a permanent end to the war and the release of Palestinian prisoners, but the agreement guarantees only the prisoner release and a troop pullback.
Mr. Trump expressed confidence that the deal would produce a “lasting peace.” As for rebuilding Gaza, Mr. Trump said, “I think you’re going to see some tremendous countries stepping up and putting up a lot of money.”
World leaders also welcomed the deal, but emphasized that many contentious issues still needed to be negotiated to guarantee a permanent end to the fighting and a peaceful future for Gaza.
Speaking at a meeting of foreign ministers in Paris, the French president, Emmanuel Macron, said that disarming Hamas was an “essential step” for a lasting cease-fire. He said that France was ready to play a role in a “stabilization force” in Gaza and that Gaza’s postwar government should “completely exclude Hamas but fully integrate the Palestinian Authority.” The authority now partly administers the West Bank.
Mr. Guterres, the U.N. leader, expressed hope that the deal would create a “path toward ending the occupation, recognizing the right to self-determination of the Palestinian people and achieving a two-state solution.”
Mr. Trump, speaking at the cabinet meeting, said he had no opinion on the establishment of a Palestinian state alongside Israel. “I don’t have a view,” he said. “I’m going to go with what they agree to.”
David M. Halbfinger, Gabby Sobelman, Rawan Sheikh Ahmad, Johnatan Reiss, Aaron Boxerman and Zolan Kanno-Youngs contributed reporting.
Adam Rasgon is a reporter for The Times in Jerusalem, covering Israeli and Palestinian affairs.
Liam Stack is a Times reporter who covers the culture and politics of the New York City region.
Michael Levenson covers breaking news for The Times from New York.
A version of this article appears in print on Oct. 10, 2025, Section A, Page 1 of the New York edition with the headline: Joy, Relief and Worry as Gaza Truce Nears.
See more on: The Israel-Hamas War, Hamas
本文於 修改第 1 次
|
|
巴勒斯坦的悲歌與戰鬥進行曲 - 鍾喬
|
|
|
推薦1 |
|
|
|
請至原網頁觀看照片與插圖。並請參看本欄各相關報導與評論。
茉莉樹下的抵抗
鍾喬，2025-09-28
首先，要以一首令人不忍繼續閱讀，卻又必須被公開朗讀的詩作，作為書寫的開始。詩行如下：
如果我必須死去
那麼你必須活下來
活下來 講述我的故事
2023 年12月7日是一個值得紀念的日子。這一天，被喻為「加薩一把琴」的知名詩人、44歲的作家及學者雷法特．阿拉雷爾(Refaat Alareer)，和妻兒共同死於以色列的空襲，這不僅令所有巴勒斯坦人震驚悲憤，海外文壇學界一樣惋惜哀嘆。
而他在死前寫下的一首詩裡，似乎已預知了自己的死亡。
殺戮就是這樣展開，如何說抵抗呢？手無寸鐵的肉軀，恰時時刻刻面臨滅絕式武器的威脅；而且就在自家門前，侵略者公然以掃蕩恐怖份子的名義，滅絕平民百姓、老幼婦孺、土地與家園。
詩人已死。然而，他預留下詩行：用很日常且平白的文字，認定自己的死亡是必須的死去，誰令他必須死去？為何必須死去？一切都只因為他為保衛自己的家園與祖國，卻必須受到入侵者的荼毒致死，最後劊子手當真動手，不僅僅是脅迫，而且將他妻子與孩子連同詩人，一起埋葬在炸裂的斷垣殘壁間！他寫這首詩，我們像似親眼目睹他的靈魂在淌血，這同時，靈魂也語重心長地表示，肉體死亡但精神存在，不僅僅是生存，這就需要有人繼續書寫巴勒斯坦的詩行，一如證詞！
所以，如何活下來，死去的如何繼續活下來…必須死去也意味著必須活下來，這非比尋常。因為，必須活下來，繼續講述巴勒斯坦從廢墟與殘磚粹瓦間，撿拾的日常記憶：街道、清晨、麵包、歌聲與和藹鄰居的笑容！當然，在殘酷的季節裡，血沿著堆積起來的沙塵，爬上殘磚的隙縫間，吟唱著末世的悲歌與輓歌，卻也有晨曦照射進黑暗的帳篷，揭示新的一天的重新誕生！
雜沓的腳蹤沿著蔚藍海岸朝向未知，被迫離鄉的加薩居民，老幼婦孺不分彼此，都在飢餓線的臨界點，下一步將朝向或許的死亡；所以，死亡在加薩必須是新生的開始，以自身瘦骨嶙峋的胸膛作為淌血的印刻版，刻下字句或詩行，作為流離者埋在殺戮記憶中的控訴與證言！
所以，詩行繼續寫著：
請你賣掉我的東西
然後買一塊布
和一些線繩
白色的布，做成一只長尾巴風箏
加薩某個地方，有一個孩子
會向天上凝望
她在尋找
天堂裏的父親
她的父親，在大火中離去
來不及向任何人告別
甚至來不及
和自己的身體告別
當這個孩子看到
你為我做的風箏，在天上飛
她會相信，天使就在那裏
為她帶回愛
讀著詩人的詩行，我也以幾行詩作為回應。我這樣記述某些詩句，抄寫如下：
真主的僕人在路上小心翼翼地走著
蒙昧的人呼喚他們
他們回頭答曰：「和平（Al-salam）」
《可蘭經 》第二十五章三十六節
這首詩，要這樣開始
因為，我們都是蒙昧的人
蒙昧自己看出去的視線
在遮蔽的沙塵下
在爆裂的炸彈中
在斷壁的殘垣中
在扭曲的榨取中
在欺世的宣傳中
在霸權的操弄中
我們發現自己成了蒙昧的人
Al-salam 是 和平
和平 是 Al-salam
朗誦：「如果詩人必須死去
你們必須活下來！」
聲音呼喚 別再蒙昧
活下來的人，去找尋孩子母親與父親的屍骨
追隨他們一家的靈魂
和他們一起大聲朗讀
飄在加薩天空下的詩行
這時貓咪加入朗讀的行列
像似看見，詩人留下的風箏
飄在每一戶人家的屋簷上
Al-salam Al-salam
聲音不曾終止
紀念詩人 看見天空
巴勒斯坦的天空
詩人身影 如風箏飛翔
華山【拱廳】四根水泥柱，似乎傳達著天地間，人在四季流轉節氣中的聲息；然則，這種屬於台灣民間鼓花陣中，對於天地人間的空間想像，似乎也已在遠方的一片斷垣殘壁間，失去了生命的絲毫氣息！這一天，我約了兩位母親來排練一首我寫的詩：《孩子》。這首詩，寫給在轟炸中不斷失去生存與希望的加薩孩子；當然，寫了孩子一定也會寫母親。詩中，有三行這麼寫著：
然而，孩子的親生母親
被埋進瓦礫堆中
在瞬間爆裂的燒夷彈中
這裡既有母親是被哈瑪斯綁架的女人，也有在地道裡發現這位母親的孩子，餵給飢腸轆轆的女人僅存的一口羊奶，因為孩子想起自己的親生母親，被綁架來的母親的國家，聚集了毀滅性武器，炸得粉身碎骨且不見屍首何處！孩子不懂得仇恨，更不被仇恨所征服，他只是感到母親是萬物的聲息，所以不讓敵人母親忍受飢餓與絕望！
詩，是這樣寫的；當詩這樣寫實，加薩已經再次淪為原本擁有美好記憶的墳場！在這個日午，Amel—加薩母親來到《拱廳》的四根柱下排練，台灣母親---劉敏，比Amel早一步就到達作準備，換上簡便隨身的舞蹈服裝。兩位母親的相遇，揭開了誦詩作為文化行動，作為一個台灣劇場與詩作者，對於加薩的深入關切。他們分享了各自披在身上的格子披巾！
猶記得，誦詩發生前幾些時日，我這麼聯絡了這兩位異國母親。「來為加薩受難的孩童起舞吧！」通訊中，我這樣和台灣母親---劉敏說。她連忙回訊：「這需要見面深入討論」。
我們怎麼開始？她問。我說：來自加薩的母親---Amel，我從今年春天，有幾回和她女兒上戲劇課。我請她將我寫的一首詩：【孩子】翻譯為阿拉伯語，她充滿韻律的朗讀聲跌宕起伏美感有加，很動人！
我向劉敏說：就由一位舞者母親舞蹈；另一位母親朗讀詩歌吧！我們還可以加入簡單的儀式性身體！她問：這是一場演出嗎？我說，讓我們以誦詩和舞蹈，為流離失所的加薩，展開一場文化行動吧！
經過討論，經過排練，經過幾番淚水洗滌；劉敏除了舞蹈，還創作了一幅壁畫：《母親與孩子》，儀式性的祈福與沉默的抵抗！
原本最初，約在咖啡館見面時！她拿出另一幅畫作。一個腿骨上繫著繃帶的日本軍，勉身危危站立在未知時間的空間裡。她說：我畫的是我想像中在叢林作戰受傷的父親。
她的父親是台灣人日本兵；一直以來，身分敏感。到底是被徵兵動員的受害者；還是在戰場上，為軍國戰事效命的加害者？她沒加以訴說，我恐怕她已為父親的身分，受到很大的震盪與衝擊，有很長一段時日了！
我只說：這是戰爭帶給世人的悲劇。那末，對於加薩長久飽受轟炸、殺戮、驅趕、歧視、飢餓與凌辱的平民百姓，這又是當今怎樣的一場集體創傷呢？她就發生在世人的眼前…。
現在這樣寫著，感到何等無力。正想閉眼休息，滿腦子斷垣殘壁間被坦克佔領的廢墟，坦克加裝強烈砲彈，藉爆炸據說要將更多假設性的地洞給炸掀，我們在視頻上看見的是一棟16層高樓，在瞬間轟然倒塌，是加薩的一棟民宅，大樓裡有醫院、臨時學校教室、與緊急避難設施；他們說要摧蒙面毀恐怖份子---稱作哈瑪斯，而自己才是穿軍裝的恐怖份子---稱作以色列軍人；然而，他們不承認自己的罪刑，因為有國際民主霸權為他們撐腰。他們聲稱要發動對加薩的攻勢，其實進行的是：種族滅絕，而不是戰爭。
那回相識，在寶藏巖歷史斷面後方的小咖啡座，小小的空間裡，週日安靜中無其他人，我與眼前從曾經在加薩渡過轟炸日常的母女，聊得親切且帶有問題意識！
回返後，我在筆記本中寫著：那年，在轟炸中的加薩，母親抱著剛滿周歲的女兒，不放…。母親這樣追溯往事，眉宇深鎖。抬起頭來，我繼續聆聽眼前的母親，如何在他女兒面前，和我講述他們在加薩的生死經驗，母親說，其實死亡對加薩人而言，是日常就需要面對的事情。
「我無論如何只想與孩子共生死。」她語氣絕然地說。我心頭揣著：無路可退，四個字；但，當我抬頭看著眼前的母親，卻又在他沉默的每一刻間，閱讀到她毅然的心思。於是，我想起韓國作家韓江，在【永不告別】裡，為濟州島4.3殺戮記憶 寫下的詩行：
其實，是死亡拯救了活著的人。與此同時，我的心閃過【孩子】一詩中的最後幾幾句：
世界會再開始嗎？
世界，何時再開始呢？
世界，已到達盡頭嗎？
我手上的石頭呢？孩子問
我總想韓江這句話，有其深意。我的詩行，或許是對韓江面對死亡的追問。因為，死亡通常伴隨絕望，絕望卻讓人反思新生；於是，鼓起勇氣，就問了Amel：在加薩，是亡者拯救了活著的人。伊的答覆很有親切感，卻也很犀利。伊說：我們懷著這樣的信仰，當然可貴，但事實上，在我先生的家鄉---加薩，因飢餓而死去的人，遠比轟炸致死的人，飽受更多的折磨。他們逐漸死去的折騰能喚回活著的人，重新去思考這個透過政治霸權搬弄是非，並留下血腥罪責的殘酷世界嗎？
「穿透黑暗，如何見到光明？」我問。
作為母親的Amel說：那一年，與尚幼小的malak在加薩的炮火中，每日晨昏醒或睡著都手牽手，因為不由自主地唯一決定便是；生死相伴。我也聽說，Malak的父親Hazem在加薩的家，去年在一場飛彈突襲中淪為斷垣殘壁的廢墟，更不幸的是：Hazem的母親，已在轟炸中身亡…。
那是戲劇工作坊的第一天；但我們沒有做戲劇練習。我們深入聊了很多問題，Malak 是咖啡桌上的女兒，11歲的她已有18歲的應對與機智，我想這和她的成長需在流離中見生存的真章，有密切的關聯。我們上回在聲援巴勒斯坦的【西門捷運站】口相見，她一口流利的中文演說，動人而銳利。下台後，我們相遇，她說：戲劇是她從小的最愛，於是她轉來描繪童年戲劇愛好的鉛筆畫，我和她與她母親共同規劃了她的戲劇課程。
Malak 的母親 Amel 嫁給來台的加薩學者Hazem，她自己是心理學家，在阿爾及利亞獲致心理學博士；她的家鄉在北非，她說：民間一般人都認同加薩是一個獨立自主的國家，也絲毫不排斥巴勒斯坦人；至於官方，在國際霸權的推波下，則難以自主…。
Amel 說話充滿自信，自然不缺女性與作為母親的細膩，我在和她交談中，偶而會想起法蘭茲 法農Franze Fanon這樣的第三世界抵抗心理學家，或許曾經帶給她深刻影響。因為，交談中，即便談的是孩子的教育經驗，她也經常從社會壓迫或者移民問題，切入集體創傷的問題。
她說：她很認同”Augusto Boal“的”Theatre Of The Oppressed”(波瓦 的被壓迫者劇場)！我想一定是如此吧！我期待她們母女加薩記轟炸下的記憶書寫成筆記，放進Malak 的劇場工作坊排練行程中。
我總是想：Malak 可以用身體訴說她的加薩童年；讓更多世人感知：她的成長如何在災難中轉為文化行動的動人表述。這件事，對於malak 會是一件青春生命中的難忘的記憶：雖然距離他藉此得以登場演出，還有一段距離；然則劇場始終是身體對世界打開的歷程！現在的世界是春天，卻是無比殘酷的春天！因為，Malak再也回不去他的家鄉加薩了！有一次，在談話中，我無意間問到這個敏感的話題！青春心智早熟的她，竟然用標準的中文口語回覆我：從我出生，這就是注定了！我們就是這樣從這裡到那裡，沒有固定生活！
春天呢? 巴勒斯坦的春天呢?我問著！她的父親Hazem也在這時走進我們相識的共同圈中！
這樣的悲傷，圍繞在一個客居台灣的加薩家庭中，我開始與這個家庭的父親Hazem通訊聯絡；因為，在一回排練中，Amel 向我說：她先生有一本相關家鄉加薩的書，想在台灣出版。就這樣，我陸續收到他寄來《茉莉樹下》的書稿，書寫他在台作為國際政治學者，如今以流離海外，再也無法返鄉的傷慟！Hazem和他的一家人，是我見過帶著流離者的勇氣，與這世界的愛恨細膩對待，並且毫不退卻與妥協的一家五口人！他們內心深處對世界不熄的愛，讓我以認識他們一家人為榮，為他們的存在感到驕傲！
Hazem，中文筆名安海正。我希望他書寫一篇追溯家園如何在炮火下淪為殘磚碎瓦的文章，作為書稿出版前的見證；他寄來幾張照片，場景令人心碎，特別當他談及母親時，他在文章中寫著：
2023年12月5日。那一天牆壁倒在她身上。以色列人轟炸了我們家附近的清真寺，衝擊波震倒了我們花園牆的一部分。我母親在外面，像每天早上一樣查看她的植物。混凝土壓碎了她的肋骨，刺穿了她的肺。她沒有尖叫—我的兄弟們後來告訴我這些，他們的聲音透過斷斷續續的電話連線傳來時都破碎了。即使血液充滿她的胸腔，她反而試著安慰他們。
美麗的家人，在家鄉淪為砲火下的廢墟之際，將遠方故土在生死掙扎中的經歷，化作文化抵抗的行動表現出來…無論書寫、劇場或誦詩，每一瞬間都是稍縱即逝的亙遠…我這樣想。
Hazem參與《龍應台基金會》主辦的《台北國際和平論壇》。於他而言，這又是一個為近日全面瀕臨以色列入侵，展開抗爭性論述的日子。他的對話對象是以色列和平學校的主任Roi；這一天，我特別前去聆聽。
論壇展開前，Hazem前來和我打招呼；我和他談著他將出版的新書：《茉莉樹下》幾些中文翻譯文句，需要被重新整合的問題。他直說感謝我的關切，眉宇間卻透露些許焦慮。他說：「等今天這場對話結束，我才能安然對待書籍的出版。」他說，他昨夜沒睡好，因為起來修改這場和平對話的發言稿，將原本要講述母親與家人在轟炸中喪身與流離的經歷，改為加薩作為被侵略者，如何面對和平倡議的議題。
談話中，他原本笑著的臉頰，變得眉宇深鎖…。於是，一場和平論壇，以多樣或也可以稱做多元的面貌展開，最後輪到壓軸章節，以色列和平工作者—Roi和加薩學者、作家與行動者Hazem的對話。
這場對話，在相互尊重、信任卻帶有緊急性張力的狀態下展開；這樣的形容，絲毫不帶誇張地描述。Roi 不知是習慣身姿自然或驅使自己放鬆，不是翹腿就是大幅跨腳；一旁的Hazem卻顯得身姿慎重與深思。可以感覺到彼此微妙的對待關係。對話展開之際，第一次有張力的瞬間，是Roi以色列和平工作者身分，提及「和平對話」是一種雙方不斷參與的過程時；Hazem的表情沒有順其自然的表示贊成這樣的述說。他認真地說：不是我想阻斷對話的可能，而是我想說的是，我們的處境非常困難跟複雜，有一方什麼都有，另一方一無所有，那我們要有怎樣的對話呢？
作為巴勒斯坦人；作為在被壓迫中流離失所，並超越極限地喪失生命與家園的加薩人；Hazem這席話嘔心瀝血！並導致他在相關兩人是否可以為和平攜手合作時，表達了了關鍵性的態度。Hazem堅決的表示:「我不行，因為這件事只能在以色列進行。來自加薩的我，必須面臨更現實的問題。你如何跟在戰火中的加薩人民談和平？」
會議後，我和Hazem的家人一起參與主辦單位的晚宴！我們圍坐一桌。他妻子Amel 帶著和藹的語氣問Hazem，為何要表示不能與Roi在和平倡議上攜手合作呢? Hazem和我說了：從個人的角度談合作，他無論如何都很樂意；但在公開的論壇上，巴勒斯坦是一個被以色列入侵的國家，現實上，兩者的和平使命很難達成合作的實質！
我想起他在自己書寫的著作中的一段話：
這種有偏見的框架使加薩人失去人性，將他們簡化為統計數字或威脅，而不是有家庭、夢想和激勵每個人的相同基本安全渴望的人。此類報導扭曲了佔領的現實，以阻礙對正義的有意義倡導的方式塑造公眾輿論，讓政府更容易忽視他們的責任。
這讓我更深體會到甚麼是流離失所中的無路可退…！我想著，認識Hazem。因為，有機會和他妻子--Amel與女兒--Malak，共同在劇場渡過幾些排練與演出的日子。他在命名為：《茉莉樹下：加薩回憶錄》這本即將於來年出版的書的序言中，發人深省地述說：
在大屠殺粉碎我們對正常生活的一切認知之前，加薩有著近乎神聖的節奏。日常生活承載著由傳統、社區，以及只有在某處生活了好幾代的人才能創造出的那種低調美感所建構的寧靜和諧。
每個早晨都以相同的方式開始。新鮮烘焙麵包的香氣會與鹹鹹的地中海海風混合，光是那股香味就能喚醒半個鄰里。我們的母親和祖母會在黎明前起身揉麵團、照料烤爐，在我們大部分人還沒睜開眼睛之前就創造出每一天的基礎。
這席話，讀來令人屏息，因為是「在大屠殺粉碎…」之前；那麼世人如何想像：本周以來，大量以色列的坦克駛進加薩，展開無情掃蕩後，遺留下來家園毀滅與喪生殘垣的景象呢？不知為何，這一刻我腦海中閃過一個強烈的畫面：
一輛堆滿瓢盆與破舊家用品以及孩子與落難襤褸男女的貨車，恰卡在一個砲彈炸毀後凹下去的坡道馬路上，看似動彈不得地催足馬力…一個將鍋蓋蓋在自己額頭上的鬍渣男人，突而闖進鏡頭中。他激動地拉開嗓門啜泣著：我有25個家人都已死於轟炸，昨夜我的妻子與三歲的孩子，就死在我的懷裡，身上有砲彈的鋼刺和餘燼；為什麼不是我死？為什麼？為什麼不是我死？他追問了好幾次。而後，嚎啕大哭：這樣子不是活著，不如一顆炸彈飛到我身體，讓我粉身碎骨不見屍首…。
我不忍再想下去，關掉腦海中的視頻。將視線回到在論壇講壇上，心想著：在反對讓台灣捲入殘酷滅絕的軍事行動之際，出來呼籲和平，竟成為一件風險；這真是天大的諷刺，究其因，無非擁權者剛愎自用，凡是我質、拒斥對話！問題是：地球會公轉，恰如客觀現實，不會只繞著自己轉。悲哀的是，和平訴求道理簡單，權力牽連卻永遠繞著敵對意識迴旋，一旦戰事臨頭，犧牲的將是期待和平的眾生？
和平，固然源自呼籲；呼籲之外，如何讓和平到來呢？需要具體的方案，才得以讓讓和平在戰爭危機面前捍衛平民的生存權！ Hazem(安海正)有一席話，發人深省：
以烏克蘭為例，提醒台灣軍事力量有限，戰爭帶來的毀滅遠大於勝利意義。他呼籲，台灣應拓展對話與和平管道，避免戰爭，保護人民安全與生活。安海正強調，國際經驗應用在台灣，首要目標是維護和平，而非模仿他國軍事模式。
繼續，在路上行走。追趕著或許已經在砲火中喪失的茉莉花樹…。Hazem的妻子Amel在視頻中探索加薩的集體創傷，是長久驅離、佔領與脅迫下，所形成的種族殺戮的問題，非一日之寒；她與先生與孩子全家人勇於投身保護巴勒斯坦家園的行列。「巴勒斯坦人所遭遇的是集體創傷，和西方一般提及的個體創傷，有著很大的區別，主要這並非個別得憂鬱症，而是生活在壓迫體制下的創傷…主流媒體長期以來，甚至將巴勒斯坦人去人類化…」這是她的真知灼見。滅絕式的殺戮和個別的報復，在人類高呼保障人權與自由的同時，如何不僅僅從西方人權的個人主義式關切出發，而在生產反殖民、反霸權的前提下，從第三世界的角度出發，回返集體受難意涵下，被戰爭剝奪生存權利的加薩平民，尋回她/他們家園與國度的抵抗與共同創傷的療癒。
我和Amel表示：今年以來，我和釜山的劇場工作者，也在劇場創作的前提下，針對東亞國家暴力在島對島的殺戮記憶中，展開現場的田野。這樣的經歷，讓我重新又思考，如何從1990年代開始，親臨白色恐怖受難現場或閱讀口述歷史經驗中，學習到她所提及的集體創傷與個體創傷的差異。
我們在六張犁墳場與綠島監獄，再次訪談白色恐怖政治受難的親身經歷，主要是將這樣的現場與濟州島受難經歷，進行參照與劇場身體表現的對照；1993年，六張犁葬岡上的201座墳墓的發掘，恰與濟州島在歷經40多年掩埋後，又重新現身山洞的骨骸，有著相同的冷戰反共肅殺下，所導致的國家集體暴力的結構性意涵。
2018年，韓國總統 文在寅在4.3事件 70週年追悼式上，有這麼一段話，發人深省；像似時間彼岸，從濟州受難的每一個角落拋來的警鐘聲響，回聲著：
就連一道石牆、一朵凋落的山茶花也知道濟州的那段苦痛歲月，人們在這七十年間持續尋找探問：這塊土地還有春天嗎？記憶中濟州島的春天還在嗎？綠島早春四月的野百合呢？
是的。遠離加薩神聖土地家鄉，Amel 、Malak與Hazem 還有更多我們識或不識的巴勒斯坦人，或許當下便在問：
春天呢？明年此時，加薩的春天還會再來嗎？春天裡，家園裡已被砲火粉碎的茉莉花樹呢？
我想起Hezem的那席話：我如何與殺戮及驅逐下頻臨死亡的加薩家鄉人民，談論關於和平的問題呢？和平，要去追問以色列種族滅絕的炮彈、坦克與子彈…。
我抬起頭，彷彿看見遠方一望無際的晴空下，浮著六萬五千一百七十四座刻有阿拉伯文的墳碑，是天空中的墓碑，追悼在加薩失去生命的65194個受難的身體與靈魂；每一座，都唱誦著韻文跌宕起伏的巴勒斯坦詩行。時空中，彷彿也傳來雷法特．阿拉雷爾(Refaat Alareer)詩行的最後幾句：
如果我必須死去
那麽讓它
帶來希望，讓它
成為一個傳奇
＊作者為詩人、作家、劇場工作者，80年代中期投身報導寫作，參與社會運動。
（相關報導：
專訪》「這不是戰爭，而是種族滅絕」 旅台巴勒斯坦學者安海正談加薩真實處境 ｜ 更多文章 ）
訂閱 風傳媒VIP會員，享有零廣告閱讀介面
加入風傳媒LINE社群，掌握最新趨勢！
本文於 修改第 2 次
|
|
巴勒斯坦「國家地位」的最新發展 -- Catherine Porter等
|
|
|
推薦1 |
|
|
|
如下文分析，巴勒斯坦「國家地位」議題有以下兩個作用/意義：
1) 對以色列在加薩地區倒行逆施的譴責。
2) 對美國「國際領袖」地位的挑戰和否定。
Live Updates: France and Other Nations Recognize Palestinian Statehood at U.N. Summit
France became the latest Western nation to formally recognize Palestinian sovereignty, which remains a largely symbolic gesture. It was followed by calls for Israel to end the war in Gaza and stop its expansion of West Bank settlements.
Catherine Porter/Farnaz Fassihi/Ephrat Livni, 09/22/25
Here’s what to know about the Palestinian statehood conference.
France and three other nations became the latest countries to formally recognize Palestinian statehood on Monday, declaring at the annual gathering of the United Nations General Assembly in New York that such a path was the only one to a peaceful future for Israel.
Declaring that “the time has come,” President Emmanuel Macron of France said, “A solution exists to break the cycle of war and destruction.” He spoke at the start of a conference on Palestinian statehood, where his nation joined roughly 150 others that already made similar, though highly symbolic, announcements. “It is the recognition of the other — of their legitimacy, their humanity and their dignity,” Mr. Macron added.
The announcements by France, Luxembourg, Malta and Andorra on Monday came a day after Australia, Britain, Canada and Portugal made their own endorsements of Palestinian statehood, an effort to help salvage the prospect of a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. But that is looking as distant as ever as the Gaza war nears the end of its second year, Israel rapidly expands its settlements in the West Bank, and the humanitarian crisis in the enclave grows more dire.
The Palestinian Authority’s president, Mahmoud Abbas, addressing the conference by video after the Trump administration refused to grant him and other Palestinian officials visas, called for a permanent cease-fire in Gaza and for Hamas to disarm. The Palestinian Authority was prepared to oversee a unified Palestine without the participation of Hamas, he said.
“What we want is a state with one law and one legitimate security force,” he said from his headquarters in Ramallah, in the Israeli-occupied West Bank.
António Guterres, the U.N. secretary general, told the conference that statehood for Palestine was a right, not a reward, and that there was no other alternative. “Denying statehood would be a gift to extremists everywhere,” he said. “Without two states, there will be no peace in the Middle East, and radicalism will spread around.”
Belgium’s prime minister, Bart De Wever, said on Monday his country was on board but wouldn’t “legally recognize” the state until Hamas releases the Israeli hostages and is removed from Gaza.
The parade of recognitions or statements of support is unlikely to change the reality on the ground. And recognitions of Palestinian statehood move will not elevate it to full membership, a change that would have to be approved by the U.N. Security Council, where the United States would most likely veto it.
But diplomats from Europe, the Middle East and Asia have said that the conference will showcase the alignment of a majority of the international community and the isolation of the United States on the issue as several of its key Western allies diverge from Washington’s policy.
“I think it does underline that there is still some potential pathway to a diplomatic solution for the Palestinians, even if everyone recognizes that it is an extremely long pathway,” said Richard Gowan, the U.N. director for the International Crisis Group.
The United States and Israel argue that recognizing a Palestinian state will embolden Hamas at a time when Israel is still at war with the militant group in Gaza and not all hostages captured during the Hamas-led attacks on Israel on Oct. 7, 2023, have been released.
Israel’s ambassador to the United Nations, Danny Danon, criticized the initiative as “one-sided,” saying: “This is not diplomacy. It is theater.”
Ahead of the conference, the General Assembly ratified with an overwhelming majority — 142 votes in favor — the “New York Declaration,” a document put forward by France and Saudi Arabia that calls for the creation of a Palestinian state next to the existing Israeli one.
The declaration sets out “tangible, time-bound and irreversible steps” toward a two-state solution. It also condemns the Hamas-led attacks in 2023 that started the war in Gaza, as well as Israel’s assaults on civilians and civilian infrastructure in the Palestinian enclave and the humanitarian crisis there.
Here’s what else to know about the conference.
* White House response: Karoline Leavitt, the White House press secretary, said on Monday that President Trump disagreed with other leaders’ decisions to recognize Palestine’s statehood, calling it “just more talk and not enough action from some of our friends and allies.” She said Mr. Trump did not believe recognition did anything to release the hostages held in Gaza. “Frankly, he believes it’s a reward to Hamas,” she said.
* Trump at the U.N.: Mr. Trump was set to attend the General Assembly on Tuesday, when. Ms. Leavitt said, he would deliver “a major speech touting the renewal of American strength around the world.” She also said, “The president will also touch upon how global institutions have significantly decayed the world order.”
* A new approach to peace: Many diplomats said that the way the world has sought to broker peace for decades — by saving the establishment of a Palestinian state for the last stages of negotiations in a comprehensive deal between Israel and Palestinians — had failed. The conference aims to turn that notion on its head, by starting with recognition of a Palestinian state and working from there to achieve peace.
本文於 修改第 2 次
|
|
川普伊朗空襲戰果之又被打臉 - Josh Fiallo
|
|
|
推薦1 |
|
|
|
請參看本欄2025/06/25貼文。川痞說謊成性，張口就來；當然，這也是美國一缸子蠢選民和一大撮毫無人格政客給寵出來的。
Second Intelligence Leak Obliterates Trump’s Iran Claim
Josh Fiallo, 06/30/25
A second intelligence leak has undermined President Donald Trump’s claim that the Iranian nuclear program has been “totally obliterated.”
Intercepted audio captured Iranian officials describing damage at three nuclear sites as “less devastating than expected” despite 30,000-pound bunker buster bombs and Tomahawk cruise missiles being used, The Washington Post reported Sunday.
The audio marks the second time this week that leaked intelligence contradicts Trump’s claims that Iran’s nuclear program was “blown up to kingdom come.” Trump, 79, repeated similar lines as recently as Sunday morning in an interview on Fox News.
U.S. intelligence paints a different picture.
“The communication, intended to be private, included Iranian government officials speculating as to why the strikes directed by President Donald Trump were not as destructive and extensive as they anticipated,” the Post reported, citing four people familiar with the classified intelligence.
The White House did not deny the existence of the intercepted audio. Instead, it attacked the Post for publishing details about the recording, which it said were taken out of context.
Fordow, one of three Iranian nuclear sites struck by U.S. bombs this month, was built in 2006 but remained secret until foreign intelligence services uncovered it by 2009. Intercepted audio of Iranian officials suggested they expected damage from a U.S. strike to be more severe. / Eric Faison/The Daily BeastMore 請至原網頁觀看示意/說明圖
“It’s shameful that the Washington Post is helping people commit felonies by publishing out-of-context leaks,” White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt told the Post. “The notion that unnamed Iranian officials know what happened under hundreds of feet of rubble is nonsense. Their nuclear weapons program is over.”
A senior U.S. intelligence official also slammed the Post’s report, telling the paper that “one slice of signals intelligence on its own does not reflect the full intelligence picture.”
The report did not specify what the Iranian officials expected the damage to be.
Trump has attacked Democrats and the media for casting doubt on the efficacy of last weekend’s attack. He was peeved with an intelligence leak from the Pentagon that claimed the bombing set Iran’s nuclear program back months, not years. He has also shut down reports that say Iran evacuated much of its enriched uranium before B-2 bombers released their payloads, calling them untrue.
“I don’t think they did, no,” Trump said Sunday about Iran moving uranium ahead of the attack. “It’s very hard to do; it’s very dangerous to do … they didn’t know we were coming until just then.”
Experts disagree with Trump’s repeated claim that transporting uranium is particularly difficult.
Joseph Cirincione, a nuclear nonproliferation expert and former vice chair of the Center for International Policy, told CNN last week that Iran could have moved its enriched uranium with just “three or four trucks.”
United Nations inspectors also believe Iran was likely able to move uranium. The head of its nuclear watchdog told CBS News this weekend that it expects Tehran will be able to restart enriching uranium again “in a matter of months.”
The White House did not respond to a request for comment from The Daily Beast.
本文於 修改第 1 次
|
|
以、伊戰爭停火生效各自宣稱勝利 – 紐約時報
|
|
|
推薦1 |
|
|
|
Israel and Iran Claim Victory as Cease-Fire Takes Hold
Iran’s president signaled that his country would be open to talks about its nuclear ambitions. A preliminary classified U.S. report concluded that American airstrikes had not fully destroyed Iranian nuclear sites, as President Trump has claimed.
Patrick Kingsley/Kershner Aaron Boxerman/Michael D. Shear, 06/25/25
A cease-fire between Israel and Iran appeared to be holding on Tuesday, as Israel’s military lifted emergency restrictions imposed during the conflict and Iran’s president hailed “the end of a 12-day war that was imposed on the Iranian people.”
The nascent truce came hours after President Trump lashed out at Iran and Israel for launching attacks after he had announced an end to their brief war. Mr. Trump later took credit for bringing an end to the fighting in a post on social media, as a preliminary U.S. report cast doubt on one of his big claims: that U.S. airstrikes had destroyed key Iranian nuclear facilities and crippled the country’s efforts to develop an atomic weapon.
“Both Israel and Iran wanted to stop the War, equally!” Mr. Trump wrote Tuesday morning as he flew to a NATO summit in the Netherlands. Referring to the U.S. military strikes over the weekend, he added, “It was my great honor to Destroy All Nuclear facilities & capability, and then, STOP THE WAR!”
The classified report, compiled by the Defense Intelligence Agency, suggested otherwise. It said the American bombing of Iran’s nuclear sites had sealed off the entrances to two of the facilities but did not collapse their underground buildings, according to officials familiar with the findings. The early findings concluded that the strikes set back Iran’s nuclear program by only a few months, the officials said.
Israeli defense officials also said they had also collected evidence that the underground facilities at one of the sites were not destroyed. And some Israeli officials said they believed that the Iranian government had maintained small covert enrichment facilities so it could continue its nuclear program in the event of an attack on the larger facilities.
Iran’s president, Masoud Pezeshkian, has expressed a willingness to return to nuclear talks with the United States. In a phone call with the leader of the United Arab Emirates on Tuesday, he said that Iran was “ready to resolve issues at the negotiating table and within international frameworks,” according to an official readout of the call by Mr. Pezeshkian’s office.
Addressing continuing skirmishes in the hours after the cease-fire was supposed to have taken effect, Mr. Trump criticized Israel for retaliating for an Iranian missile attack “right after we made the deal,” in remarks to reporters punctuated by an expletive.
On Air Force One, Mr. Trump said he had spoken with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel on Tuesday morning and was “firm and direct” about what needed to happen to sustain the cease-fire.
Mr. Netanyahu’s office said that Iran had fired missiles after the cease-fire took effect, and that the Israeli military had retaliated by striking a radar system near Tehran. Iran’s military denied violating the cease-fire, and Mr. Netanyahu’s statement indicated that Israel’s retaliation was limited.
Even as Iran and Israel offered competing versions of the timing of strikes after Mr. Trump’s cease-fire was announced, their explanations and comments throughout the day suggested that the sides — both of which claim to have prevailed in the conflict — want the cease-fire to hold.
Here’s what else to know:
* Global reaction: World leaders greeted the cease-fire announcement with cautious optimism. “If a cease-fire has indeed been achieved, then that can only be welcomed,” said Dmitri S. Peskov, the Kremlin spokesman. President Emmanuel Macron of France praised the announcement but warned that “the situation remains volatile and unstable.”
* Trading fire: Iran and Israel both mounted attacks overnight, and then presented competing narratives about who was at fault for the back and forth. At least four people were killed when a missile fired from Iran hit an apartment building in the southern Israeli city of Beersheba. In Tehran, residents said they endured a night of the heaviest airstrikes since the war began June 13.
* War powers: Several top Senate Democrats are pushing for a vote to require congressional approval for any further military action against Iran, and are even proposing to narrow the measure to draw maximum support from a divided party. With Republicans holding majorities in both chambers of Congress, no measure restricting Mr. Trump’s military authority is likely to succeed, but the Democrats’ efforts have reinvigorated a long-dormant debate over Congress’s role in matters of war.
* Diplomacy: As Qatar and the other Gulf nations watched the war unfold over the past two weeks, they worried that an escalation could result in a widening conflict in which Iran might target their strategic energy resources. So even before Iran fired missiles at a U.S. military installation on its territory on Monday, Qatar engaged quietly with the United States and with the Iranian government to lay the groundwork for a truce.
* Markets rise: A second day of declining oil prices helped lift stocks on Tuesday as the cease-fire between Israel and Iran began to take hold. The S&P 500 rose 1.1 percent, adding to a 1 percent gain on Monday, and now sits less than 1 percent away from its February record high.
Adam Rasgon, 06/25/25
The Israeli military said seven soldiers were killed in southern Gaza on Tuesday. It was the highest death toll for the Israeli military in Gaza in a single incident since a cease-fire between Israel and Hamas collapsed in March.
請至原網頁觀看更多相關報導。
本文於 修改第 1 次
|
|
美國攻擊後伊朗核武能力評估 - Richard Hall
|
|
|
推薦1 |
|
|
|
美國多數選民的愚蠢不僅給他們自己帶來災害，還可能給全世界帶來難以估計的混亂與傷亡。這裏也要譴責拜登和民主黨高層政客，這些人為了一己眼前的權利和利益，做了影響深遠與巨大的錯誤決定。Trump is already lowering the bar on China tariffs blasting President Xi as ‘hard to make a deal with’ao3每
美國的衰退固然能夠加速中國的崛起；但是，如果代價是局部或全球的核子戰爭，我認為：這是不必要與得不償失的損害和災難。Trump is already lowering the bar on China tariffs blasting President Xi as ‘hard to make a deal with’ao3每
請參考：
* US strikes failed to destroy Iran's nuclear sites, intelligence report says
* How badly have US strikes damaged Iran’s nuclear facilities? Here’s what to know
* Trump Lashes Out at ‘Scum’ for Revealing Bombing Was Botched (06/25/25，23：30新增)
* Hegseth and Rubio Grudgingly Admit Bomb Intel Leak Is True (06/25/26，11：35新增)
We asked three experts on Iran’s nuclear program what Trump achieved with his strikes. Their answers were concerning
Richard Hall, 06/24/25
Donald Trump was looking for a simple, if explosive, solution to stopping Iran’s nuclear ambitions when he ordered strikes on nuclear facilities across the country.
But as the smoke cleared over the three underground facilities hit by stealth bombers and cruise missiles over the weekend, experts say the result may actually bring an Iranian nuclear bomb closer to reality and raise the risk of greater U.S. involvement in the conflict.
“Technically, it's probably slightly further away, but politically it's much more imminent,” said Dr. Jeffrey Lewis, director of the East Asia Nonproliferation Program at the Middlebury Institute and a former member of the International Security Advisory Board (ISAB), which advises the Secretary of State.
“Iran has been a few months away from a nuclear weapon since about 2007. It's clear that the thing that keeps them a few months away is not their technical capacity; it's their political will. And I think whatever loss in technical capacity they have suffered, it is more than compensated for by an increase in political will,” Lewis told The Independent.
Trump described the U.S. strikes against Fordow, Natanz and Esfahan as a “spectacular military success” in brief remarks from the White House on Saturday night, adding that the sites had been “completely and totally obliterated.”
But Lewis said the showpiece of Trump’s attack — the attack on the Fordow nuclear facility, built deep underground, which required the use of 30,000-pound bunker-buster bombs — was limited in its effectiveness because Iran had time to evacuate and remove equipment before the strikes.
“I understand that Fordow has a symbolic importance to people, but it is by no means the only underground facility associated with Iran's nuclear program. And given how long it took the U.S. to strike, it's not clear to me that by the time it was hit, it was even the most important, because the Iranians had had time to power off centrifuges and possibly remove them,” he added.
One of the primary motivations for launching the attack on Iran’s nuclear facilities was to destroy Iran’s ability to enrich uranium. But the country has amassed a stockpile over the years of an estimated 400 kilograms of highly enriched uranium — enough to make around 10 nuclear weapons if it were further enriched from 60 percent where it is now, to the 90 percent required to construct a device.
Following the strikes, Rafael Grossi, the head of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), said on Monday that his agency was seeking access to “account for” Iran’s highly enriched uranium stockpiles.
Vice President JD Vance conceded on Sunday that the stockpile is still in Iranian hands and its whereabouts are unknown.
"We are going to work in the coming weeks to ensure that we do something with that fuel and that's one of the things that we're going to have conversations with the Iranians about," he said.
But Vance’s desire to open negotiations with the Iranians about that missing uranium will be much more difficult since the attacks, according to Kelsey Davenport, the Director for Nonproliferation Policy at the Arms Control Association, where she focuses on the nuclear and missile programs in Iran.
She told The Independent that this weekend’s attack will make Iran “much more likely politically to pursue nuclear weapons, and the factions arguing that nuclear weapons are necessary for deterrence are only strengthened now.”
“The U.S. decision to strike Iran before diplomacy was exhausted in the midst of a negotiation process has destroyed U.S. credibility, and is going to raise serious questions about whether the U.S. could be trusted to negotiate again in good faith,” she said.
It’s not the first time Iran has been burned by Trump for seeking a negotiated settlement over its nuclear program, either.
In 2018, Trump in his first term pulled out of a nuclear deal negotiated by his predecessor, Barack Obama, that had successfully and dramatically reduced Iran’s stockpile of enriched uranium.
In response to Trump’s withdrawal and the reintroduction of sanctions, Tehran started to increase uranium enrichment and build up its stockpile once more, and removed monitoring equipment from nuclear facilities.
That led to it building a stockpile of highly enriched uranium that prompted the Israeli attack earlier this month.
“The United States faces a real quandary here,” Davemport said. “If the U.S. objective is to prevent a nuclear-armed Iran, diplomacy is going to be more challenging politically because of the U.S. credibility deficit, but also technically, because we may never know if all of Iran's enriched uranium is accounted for.
“We may never know if all of Iran’s centrifuges are accounted for,” he said.
“Any diplomatic agreement is going to need to look entirely different from what the U.S. has attempted to negotiate in the past — that is if the opportunity arises to negotiate an agreement,” she added.
There are also concerns that Iran’s nuclear program, or what is left of it, will move underground. That would begin with the stockpile of enriched uranium that is currently unaccounted for.
“If it is intact and Iran is able to keep it that way, they could potentially use it in a new covert enrichment facility to produce material for several nuclear weapons in a matter of months,” said Nicholas Miller, Assistant Professor of Government at Dartmouth College and an expert on nuclear proliferation and nonproliferation policy.
“If they think they can pull it off, Iran's leaders may calculate developing nuclear weapons is the best insurance policy against externally-backed regime change,” he added.
Miller believes the strikes have made it “more likely that the U.S. gets drawn deeply into the conflict.”
“Depending on the scope and manner of Iranian retaliation against U.S. interests, Trump may feel compelled to respond. Israel may also convince the Trump administration to aid in an effort to destroy the remnants of Iran's nuclear program,” he said.
Davenport, too, said there is a risk that the matter remains unsolved, and that might mean a longer-term commitment than Trump might have hoped for.
“There's a risk that if the United States wants to prevent a nuclear-armed Iran in the future, it's going to need to strike Iran again and again. Because Iran is going to retain that knowledge, the risk of a nuclear-armed Iran cannot be eliminated,” she said.
“If the United States broadens its objectives and attempts to overthrow the regime, that could be severely destabilizing for the region, so not an approach for preventing a nuclear-armed Iran in the long term. Regime change is not a Non-Proliferation strategy,” she added.
本文於 修改第 4 次
|
|
美軍轟炸伊朗3處核武研究設施 -- Sam Mednick等
|
|
|
推薦1 |
|
|
|
自作孽不可活！美國人民就等著回教徒的報復吧。Trump is already lowering the bar on China tariffs blasting President Xi as ‘hard to make a deal with’
US inserts itself into Israel's war with Iran, striking 3 Iranian nuclear sites
SAM MEDNICK, AAMER MADHANI and DAVID RISING, AP, 06/22/25
TEL AVIV, Israel (AP) — The United States struck three sites in Iran early Sunday, inserting itself into Israel’s war aimed at destroying the country’s nuclear program in a risky gambit to weaken a longtime foe despite fears of a wider regional conflict.
Addressing the nation from the White House, President Donald Trump asserted that Iran’s key nuclear were “completely and fully obliterated.” There was no independent damage assessment.
It was not clear whether the U.S. would continue attacking Iran alongside its ally Israel, which has been engaged in a nine-day war with Iran. Trump acted without congressional authorization, and he warned that there would be additional strikes if Tehran retaliated against U.S. forces.
“There will either be peace or there will be tragedy for Iran,” he said.
Iran’s top diplomat, Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi, warned in a post on X that the U.S. attacks “will have everlasting consequences” and that Tehran “reserves all options” to retaliate.
Iran’s ambassador to the United Nations called for an emergency Security Council meeting to discuss what he described as the U.S.’s “heinous attacks and illegal use of force” against Iran.
In a letter obtained by The Associated Press, Ambassador Amir Saeid Iravani said that the U.N.’s most powerful body must “take all necessary measures” to hold the U.S. accountable under international law and the U.N. charter.
The U.N. nuclear watchdog said later that there has been “no increase in off-site radiation levels” at the locations that the U.S. hit. The International Atomic Energy Agency sent the message via the social platform X.
Early Sunday morning Israel alerted the public of an Iranian missile launch and urged people to take shelter. Sirens sounded in Jerusalem a short while later and a series of booms were heard.
Iranian has been firing missile barrages at Israel since the war began but they have decreased in size as Israel targets Tehran’s missile launchers. The Islamic Republic may also be keeping some arms in reserve.
The Atomic Energy Organization of Iran confirmed that attacks took place on its Fordo, Isfahan and Natanz sites, but it insisted that its work will not be stopped. Iran said there were no signs of radioactive contamination at the three locations and no danger to nearby residents.
Iran has maintained that its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes only, and U.S. intelligence agencies have assessed that Tehran is not actively pursuing a bomb. However, Trump and Israeli leaders have claimed that Iran could quickly assemble a nuclear weapon, making it an imminent threat.
The decision to directly involve the U.S. in the war comes after more than a week of strikes by Israel on Iran that aimed to systematically eradicate the country’s air defenses and offensive missile capabilities, while damaging its nuclear enrichment facilities. But U.S. and Israeli officials have said American stealth bombers and the 30,000-pound (13,500-kilogram) bunker-buster bomb they alone can carry offered the best chance of destroying heavily fortified sites connected to the Iranian nuclear program buried deep underground.
“We have completed our very successful attack on the three Nuclear sites in Iran, including Fordow, Natanz, and Esfahan," Trump said in a post on social media. "All planes are now outside of Iran air space. A full payload of BOMBS was dropped on the primary site, Fordow. All planes are safely on their way home.”
Trump added in a later post: “This is an HISTORIC MOMENT FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ISRAEL, AND THE WORLD. IRAN MUST NOW AGREE TO END THIS WAR. THANK YOU!”
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu praised Trump's decision to attack in a video message directed at the American president.
“Your bold decision to target Iran’s nuclear facilities, with the awesome and righteous might of the United States, will change history,” he said. Netanyahu said the U.S. “has done what no other country on earth could do.”
Israel announced Sunday that it would close the country’s airspace to both inbound and outbound flights in the wake of the U.S. attacks. The war has disrupted air travel throughout the Middle East.
The White House and Pentagon did not immediately elaborate on the operation. U.S. military leaders are scheduled to provide a briefing at 8 a.m. Eastern.
The attack used bunker-buster bombs on Iran’s Fordo nuclear fuel enrichment plant that is built deep into a mountain, a U.S. official said. The weapons are designed to penetrate the ground before exploding. The official spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss military operations.
In addition, U.S. submarines launched about 30 Tomahawk missiles, according to another U.S. official who also spoke on condition of anonymity.
The strikes are a perilous decision, as Iran has pledged to retaliate if the U.S. joined the Israeli assault, and for Trump personally. He won the White House on the promise of keeping America out of costly foreign conflicts and scoffed at the value of American interventionism.
U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said he was “gravely alarmed” by the “dangerous escalation” of American strikes.
“There is a growing risk that this conflict could rapidly get out of control — with catastrophic consequences for civilians, the region, and the world,” he said in a statement.
Trump told reporters Friday that he was not interested in sending ground forces into Iran, saying it’s “the last thing you want to do.” He had previously indicated that he would make a final choice over the course of two weeks.
Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei warned the United States on Wednesday that strikes targeting the Islamic Republic will “result in irreparable damage for them.” And Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Esmail Baghaei declared “any American intervention would be a recipe for an all-out war in the region."
Trump has vowed that he would not allow Iran to obtain a nuclear weapon, and he had initially hoped that the threat of force would bring the country’s leaders to give up its nuclear program peacefully.
The Israeli military said Saturday it was preparing for the possibility of a lengthy war, while Iran’s foreign minister warned before the U.S. attack that American military involvement “would be very, very dangerous for everyone.”
The prospect of a wider war loomed. Iranian-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen said they would resume attacks on U.S. vessels in the Red Sea if the Trump administration joined Israel’s military campaign. The Houthis paused such attacks in May under a deal with the U.S.
White House press secretary Karoline Leavitt said Thursday that Trump planned to make his decision on the strikes within two weeks. Instead, he struck just two days later.
Trump appears to have made the calculation — at the prodding of Israeli officials and many Republican lawmakers — that Israel’s operation had softened the ground and presented a perhaps unparalleled opportunity to set back Iran’s nuclear program, perhaps permanently.
The Israelis say their offensive has already crippled Iran’s air defenses, allowing them to significantly degrade multiple Iranian nuclear sites.
But to destroy the Fordo nuclear fuel enrichment plant, Israel appealed to Trump for the bunker-busting American bomb known as the GBU-57 Massive Ordnance Penetrator, which uses its weight and sheer kinetic force to reach deeply buried targets and then explode. The bomb is currently delivered only by the B-2 stealth bomber, which is only found in the American arsenal.
It was the first combat use of the weapon.
The bomb carries a conventional warhead, and is believed to be able to penetrate about 200 feet (61 meters) below the surface before exploding, and the bombs can be dropped one after another, effectively drilling deeper and deeper with each successive blast.
本文於 修改第 2 次
|
|
中、俄呼籲以、伊情勢降溫 - Nectar Gan
|
|
|
推薦1 |
|
|
|
從全局和長遠看，習總心裏大概巴不得川瘋出兵伊朗。一旦美國陷入另一場沒完沒了的戰爭，或招惹上防不勝防的恐怖份子攻擊；不但台灣問題的解決可以大幅提前進度，中國超越美國的日程也將幾何級數縮短。
Xi and Putin present united front over Israel-Iran crisis, in veiled message to Trump
Nectar Gan, CNN, 06/20/25
Hong Kong CNN — China and Russia positioning themselves as voices of reason, calling for de-escalation of a conflict the United States is contemplating on entering — these are the optics Xi Jinping and Vladimir Putin sought to project during a phone call on Thursday.
As US President Donald Trump weighs joining Israel in attacking Iran, the fast-spiralling conflict between two sworn enemies in the Middle East has presented Beijing and Moscow another opportunity to cast themselves as an alternative to US power.
In their call, Putin and Xi strongly condemned Israel’s actions, calling them a breach of the UN Charter and other norms of international law, according to the Kremlin. (The elephant in the room, of course, is Russia’s own violations of international law in its ongoing war against Ukraine — which Beijing has consistently refused to condemn.)
In Beijing’s readout, Xi struck a more measured tone and stopped short of explicitly condemning Israel — unlike his foreign minister, who did just that in a call with his Iranian counterpart last week.
Instead, the Chinese leader urged the warring parties, “especially Israel,” to cease fire as soon as possible to avoid further escalation and regional spillover.
And notably, in a veiled message to Trump, Xi emphasized that “major powers” that have a special influence on the parties to the conflict should work to “cool the situation, not the opposite.”
Beijing has long accused Washington of being a source of instability and tensions in the Middle East — and some Chinese scholars are now seizing on the Iran crisis to underscore that point.
Liu Zhongmin, a Middle East expert at the Shanghai International Studies University, attributed the latest flareup to the uncertainty created by Trump’s second presidency and the chaotic, opportunistic and transactional nature of his Middle East policy.
“(Trump) has seriously undermined the authority and credibility of US policy in the Middle East, eroded America’s leadership and image among its allies while also weakening its ability to threaten and deter regional adversaries,” Liu wrote in state media this week.
Another Middle East ‘forever war’?
Some Chinese online commentators have noted that Trump appears on the brink of pulling the US deeper into another so-called forever war in the Middle East.
At the outset of his second term, officials close to Trump repeatedly stressed the need for Washington to redirect its focus and resources toward countering China’s ambitions in the Indo-Pacific. Yet five months in, the wars in Ukraine and Gaza continue to rage on — and Trump is now weighing US involvement in the Israel-Iran conflict.
Beijing has no interest in seeing an all-out war against Iran that could topple the regime. Under Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran has emerged as a formidable power in the Middle East and a vital counterweight to US dominance — just as China is working to expand its own diplomatic and economic footprint in the region.
In 2023, Beijing helped broker a surprise rapprochement between arch-rivals Saudi Arabia and Iran – a deal that signaled its ambition to emerge as a new powerbroker in the region.
China has long backed Iran through sustained oil imports and its seat on the UN Security Council. In recent years, the two countries have deepened their strategic ties, including holding joint naval exercises alongside Russia. Beijing welcomed Tehran into the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and BRICS – groupings led by China and Russia to challenge the US-led world order.
Iran is also a critical node in China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), its global infrastructure and investment drive. The country lies near the strategic Gwadar port — a key BRI outpost in Pakistan that gives China access to the Indian Ocean — and borders the Strait of Hormuz, a vital chokepoint for Chinese oil imports from the Persian Gulf.
Like Russia, China has offered to be a potential mediator in the Israel-Iran conflict, casting its role as a peace broker and an alternative to US leadership.
During his call with Putin, Xi laid out four broad proposals to de-escalate tensions, including resolving the Iran nuclear issue through dialogue and safeguarding civilians, according to the Chinese readout.
Meanwhile, Xi’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi has had a busy week on the phone, speaking with his counterparts in Iran, Israel, Egypt and Oman in a flurry of diplomatic outreach.
Yet it remains unclear what Beijing is willing and able to do when it comes to actually mediating the conflict. In the early stages of Israel’s war on Gaza, China made a similar offer and dispatched a special envoy to the region to promote peace talks — efforts that ultimately yielded little in terms of concrete results.
Brokering peace in the Middle East is a tall order, especially for a country with little experience or expertise in mediating protracted, intractable conflicts – in a deeply divided region where it lacks a meaningful political or security presence.
And in the one conflict where China does hold significant leverage — the war in Ukraine — Xi has offered diplomatic cover and much-needed economic support to help sustain Putin’s war effort, even as China continues to cast itself as a neutral peace broker.
Still, at a time when America’s global leadership is under growing scrutiny, particularly in the eyes of the Global South, presenting itself as a voice of restraint in the Iran conflict may already count as a symbolic win for Beijing.
本文於 修改第 1 次
|
|
川瘋給自己挖坑-Irie Sentner
|
|
|
推薦1 |
|
|
|
川瘋這次到時候又會虛晃一招，自動無限延期；還是一條路走到黑，把MAGA變成MALA？ ”L” stands for “Loser”。
美國總統說：「跳」，外國領袖問：「多高？」；這種時代已經過去至少10年了。
Trump to make a decision on Iran within two weeks
Irie Sentner, 06/20/25
President Donald Trump has set a two-week deadline to decide if the United States will strike Iran.
"Based on the fact that there is a substantial chance of negotiations that may or may not take place in the near future, I will make my decision of whether or not to go within the next two weeks," White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said Thursday, reading a statement from the president to reporters.
Leavitt said Trump would prefer a diplomatic solution, but the president — in consultation with the National Security Council — is weighing U.S. military intervention to keep Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon, according to a recent POLITICO report. The U.S. is the only country with the military capacity to destroy Iran’s nuclear program.
“Iran has all that it needs to achieve a nuclear weapon,” Leavitt said. “All they need is a decision from the supreme leader to do that, and it would take a couple of weeks to complete the production of that weapon, which would of course pose an existential threat not just to Israel, but to the United States and to the entire world.”
The comments came at the end of a week of heightened tension in the decades-long conflict between Israel and Iran. As Iran and Israel lobbed rockets at each other, Trump left the Group of Seven conference early and has convened multiple meetings in the Situation Room.
The conflict has divided Trump’s coalition, driving a rift between an isolationist faction and hawks who have long sought to hobble Iran. Leavitt said Trump has long maintained his position that the U.S. should interfere to keep Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon and quoted his comments on the subject from more than a decade ago.
“The president has made it clear he always wants to pursue diplomacy, but believe me, the president is unafraid to use strength as necessary,” Leavitt said. “And Iran and the entire world should know that the United States military is the strongest and most lethal fighting force in the world, and we have capabilities that no other country on this planet possesses.”
Leavitt declined to answer whether the president wanted regime change in Iran, which has been a goal of hawks like Sen. Lindsey Graham and a red line for MAGA isolationists.
本文於 修改第 1 次
|
|
|
本城市首頁
看回應文章
等級：8
