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伊朗人民再度走上街頭，進行示威抗議。如果能促成一些改變，未來史書上將稱之為「頭紗革命」。
女學生走上街頭，舉起中指，值得喝彩和支持。
Iranian schoolgirls are removing their hijabs, shouting 'death to the dictator' and raising their middle fingers at the country's leaders
JakeJake Epstein, 10/05/22
l Iranian schoolgirls have joined the latest wave of demonstrations, which have gripped the country.
l Videos show them shouting "death to the dictator" and removing their hijabs, according to the BBC.
l One human rights group said at least 154 people have been killed in the police crackdown.
The ongoing demonstrations were initially triggered by the death of 22-year-old Mahsa Amini, who died in mid-September while in government custody.
Amini was arrested by Iran's so-called morality police for allegedly violating rules forcing her to wear a hijab.
Since then, civil unrest has spread to dozens of cities across the country. Women have burned their headscarves and cut their hair in a show of defiance, while vehicles and police stations have been torched by other demonstrators.
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伊朗新最高領袖素描 ---- BBC Persian
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Who is Mojtaba Khamenei, Iran's new supreme leader?
BBC Persian
Mojtaba Khamenei, the son of Iran's Ayatollah Ali Khamenei who was killed in US-Israeli strikes, has been chosen as his successor.
Unlike his father, the 56-year-old has largely kept a low profile. He has never held government office, nor given public speeches or interviews, and only a limited number of photos and videos of him have ever been published.
But for years there have been rumours that he held considerable influence behind the scenes in Iran.
US diplomatic cables, which were published by WikiLeaks in the late 2000s, described him as "the power behind the robes" who was widely regarded as a "capable and forceful" figure within the regime, according to AP news agency.
Yet his selection could still prove controversial. The Islamic Republic was founded in 1979 after the monarchy was overthrown, and its ideology is based on the principle that the supreme leader should be chosen for his religious standing and proven leadership, not through hereditary succession.
During his reign, Ali Khamenei spoke only in general terms about the future leadership of the Islamic Republic.
One member of Iran's Assembly of Experts - the clerical body that selects the supreme leader - said two years ago that Ali Khamenei opposed the idea of his son being a candidate for future leadership. But he had never publicly addressed such speculation.
So, who is Mojtaba Khamenei?
Born on 8 September 1969 in the northeastern city of Mashhad, Mojtaba is the second of Khamenei's six children. He received his secondary education at the religious Alavi School in Tehran.
At age 17, Mojtaba served in the military for several short periods during the Iran-Iraq War, according to Iranian media. The eight-year bloody conflict made the regime even more suspicious of the US and the West, which supported Iraq.
In 1999, Mojtaba went to Qom, a holy city which is considered an important centre of Shia theology, to continue his religious studies. It is notable that he did not wear clerical clothing until this time, and it is unclear why he decided to attend a seminary at 30, as it is more usual to do so in one's younger years.
Mojtaba remains a mid-ranking cleric, which could pose an obstacle to his ascendance as the supreme leader.
In recent days, some media outlets and officials close to centres of power in Iran have started referring to Mojtaba Khamenei as "Ayatollah", a senior clerical title. The shift appears to some observers as an attempt to elevate his religious standing and present him as a credible leader.
In the seminary system, holding the rank of "Ayatollah" and teaching advanced classes are regarded as indicators of a person's scholarly level and knowledge, and are considered one of the requirements and prerequisites for selecting a future leader.
But there has already been a precedent. Ali Khamenei was quickly promoted as "Ayatollah" after he became the second supreme leader in 1989.
Accusations of political interference
Mojtaba's name first entered the public spotlight during the 2005 presidential election, which resulted in the victory of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, a populist hardliner.
In an open letter to Khamenei, reformist candidate Mehdi Karroubi accused Mojtaba of interfering in the vote through elements of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and the Basij militia, which distributed money to religious groups in order to help Ahmadinejad win.
Four years later, Mojtaba faced the same accusation again. The re-election of Ahmadinejad triggered mass protests across the country known as the Green Movement. Some protesters chanted slogans opposing the idea that Mojtaba could succeed his father as Iran's supreme leader.
Mostafa Tajzadeh, then deputy interior minister, described the result as an "electoral coup". He was imprisoned for seven years, which he attributed to "the direct wish of Mojtaba Khamenei".
Two reformist candidates, Mir-Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karoubi, were put under house arrest after the 2009 election. In Feb 2012, Mojtaba met and urged Mousavi to give up his protest, Iranian sources told BBC News Persian.
Now, as Iran's freshly chosen supreme leader, many expect Mojtaba to continue his father's hardline policies.
Some also believe that a man who has lost his father, his mother and his wife in US-Israeli strikes will be unlikely to bow to Western pressure.
But he also faces the daunting task of ensuring the survival of the Islamic Republic and convincing the public that he is the right person to lead the country out of political and economic devastation.
His leadership record remains largely untested, and the perception that the republic is turning into a hereditary system could further deepen public discontent.
Mojtaba is now a marked man. Israel's defence minister said last week that whoever is chosen as Ayatollah Ali Khamenei's successor will be "an unequivocal target for elimination".
相關報導
'Night turned into day': Iranians tell of strikes on oil depots
Why did Iran's president apologise?
In maps: Nine days of strikes across the Middle East
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伊朗抗爭再起 -- P. Ghobadi
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請參考：
* Mass Protests in Iran and Trump’s Threats (2026/01/12增訂)
* At least 6 reported killed during widening protests in Iran sparked by ailing economy
* Iran protests draw swift crackdown as U.S. calls on Tehran to respect "rights of the Iranian people"
把「雙重標準」玩到讓一般人匪夷所思的地步時，就不再是偏見或不理性可以解釋；而是直直的不要臉。上面第2則新聞報導的標題，顯示出川普政府和CBS高層醜陋的真面目。
Protests spread across Iran for third day after currency hits record low
Parham Ghobadi, 12/30/25
Protests and strikes in Iran over inflation and currency devaluation have spread from the capital, Tehran, to several other cities on a third day of unrest.
The protests began on Sunday after shopkeepers in Tehran's Grand Bazaar staged a strike when the Iranian rial hit a record low against the US dollar on the open market.
Since then, videos verified by BBC Persian have shown demonstrations in the cities of Karaj, Hamedan, Qeshm, Malard, Isfahan, Kermanshah, Shiraz and Yazd. Police were also seen using tear gas in an attempt to disperse demonstrators.
The Iranian government said it "recognises the protests" and would listen "with patience, even if it is confronted with harsh voices".
President Masoud Pezeshkian wrote on X late on Monday that he had instructed the interior minister to hold talks with what he described as "representatives" of the protesters so that measures could be taken "to resolve the problems and act responsibly".
He also accepted the resignation of Iran's central bank governor, Mohammadreza Farzin, and named former economy and finance minister Abdolnasser Hemmati to replace him.
University students have also joined the protests, chanting anti-government slogans including "Death to the dictator" - a reference to the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who holds ultimate power in Iran.
Some protesters were also heard chanting slogans in support of the son of the late Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who was overthrown in the 1979 Islamic Revolution, including "Long live the Shah".
In response, Reza Pahlavi, who lives in exile in the United States, wrote on X: "I am with you. Victory is ours because our cause is just and because we are united."
"As long as this regime remains in power, the country's economic situation will continue to deteriorate," he added.
The US state department's Persian-language account on X also expressed support for the protests.
It said the US "praises their courage" and stands with those seeking "dignity and a better future" after years of failed policies and economic mismanagement.
Iran was reportedly high on the agenda of a meeting between US President Donald Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Florida on Monday.
At a joint news conference afterwards, Trump declined to say whether he supported regime change in Iran, but said: "They've got a lot of problems: tremendous inflation, their economy is bust, their economy is no good, and I know people aren't so happy."
The president also said he might back another round of Israeli air strikes on Iran if the country rebuilt its ballistic missile or nuclear programmes.
During a 12-day war between Israel and Iran in June, the US carried out air strikes on key Iranian uranium enrichment sites. Iran insists its nuclear programme is entirely peaceful.
President Pezeshkian vowed on Tuesday that Iran's response to "any oppressive act of aggression" would be "severe and regret-inducing".
Iran's supreme leader has repeatedly said that Israel's government hoped mass protests would erupt in Iran during the war and topple the regime.
"They wanted to create sedition on the streets... But people were absolutely not influenced by what the enemy wanted," Khamenei said in September.
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