6. 結論
我曾指出:
「許多研究社會科學或人文科學的學者,常常因為有意無意的使用「擬人化」的論述方式,把思考方向或思考結果搞得不合邏輯。(也許這樣大眾才比較容易上當)。我在這裏提供各位20字真言:
『意識無意識,國家無需要,社會無公義,制度不打壓。』
只有『人』才有意識,才有需要,才會假公義之名,滿足私利,才會設計制度來打壓其他『人』(也就是你和我)。…
有些人喜歡說:『制度就是如此。』如果你覺得這個『制度』在打壓或剝削你,你要了解,打壓或剝削你的不是這個『制度』,是設計這個制度的『人』或『一群人』。除非此『人』是白痴,我敢打賭,99%的情況下,他們做這樣設計,一定有私人的目的;例如打壓或剝削你、我。」(胡卜凱 2002:第4節)
歷史先例和人類今天在文化上的成就,明確而無可爭議的指出人有主動性。主動性表現的強度和方式則因人而異。因此,我認為以「結構」的概念來畫地自限,相當於把結構理論當《葵花寶典》來練;至於拿「結構」概念來替當權者開脫,我只能說「盡信書,則不如無書。」了。
參考文章和書籍:
* Bandura, A. 2001, Social Cognitive Theory: An Agentic Perspective, http://www.questia.com/read/5000979014?title=SOCIAL%20COGNITIVE%20THEORY%3a%20An%20Agentic%20Perspective
* Bryant, C. G. A./Jary, D. 2003, Anthony Giddens, in Ritzer, G. Ed., The Blackwell Companion To Major Contemporary Social Theorists, Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA U.S.A.
* Encyclopedia Britannica 2010, Social Structure, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/551478/social-structure
* Giddens, A. 1984, The Constitution of Society (an excerpt), http://www.religiousworlds.com/text/ag-struct.html
* Giddens, A. 1999, Elements of the Theory of Structuration, in Elliot, A. Ed., Contemporary Social Theory, Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA U.S.A.
* Jackson, W. A. 2005, Capabilities, Culture and Social Structure, http://www.questia.com/read/5009937143?title=Capabilities%2c%20Culture%20and%20Social%20Structure
* Jochoms, T./ Rutgers, M. R. 2006, Coming to Terms with the Complementarity of Agent and Structure, http://www.questia.com/read/5035106891?title=Coming%20to%20Terms%20with%20the%20Complementarity%20of%20Agent%20and%20Structure
* Stewart, J. 2007, “Breaking the Power of the Past over the Present”: Psychology, Utopianism, and the Frankfurt School, http://www.questia.com/read/5022513016?title=%22Breaking%20the%20Power%20of%20the%20Past%20over%20the%20Present%22%3a%20Psychology%2c%20Utopianism%2c%20and%20the%20Frankfurt%20School
* Swarthmore 2010, Theories of Agency, http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/tburke1/agency.html
* Timasheff, N. S. 1960/1955, Sociological Theory: Its Nature and Growth, 璐茜書店,台北
* Wikipedia 2010a, Structure, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure
* Wikipedia 2010b, Social structure, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_structure
* Wikipedia 2010c, Agency (Philosophy), http://en. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_agency
* Wikipedia 2010d, Structure and agency, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_and_agency
* Wikipedia 2010e, Structuration, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuration
* Word iQ 2010, Social Structure, http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Social_structure
* 老嫗 2010,《淺談相對觀和建構論》欄 -- 留言30, 32,http://tb.chinatimes.com/forum1.asp?ArticleID=1429566
* 胡卜凱 2002,《發刊詞 – 我的論述架構》 http://www.fokas.com.tw/news/newslist.php?id=77
* 胡卜凱 2010,《淺談相對觀和建構論》,https://city.udn.com/2976/4056176?tpno=0&cate_no=52524
* 韋大寶 2010a,《淺談相對觀和建構論》欄 -- 留言24,http://tb.chinatimes.com/forum1.asp?ArticleID=1429566
* 韋大寶 2010b,《再論社會結構性質》欄 -- 留言1,http://tb.chinatimes.com/forum1.asp?ArticleID=1429906
* 慕陶 2008,《扁珍貪念與結構複製》開欄文,http://tb.chinatimes.com/forum1.asp?ArticleID=1204376
* 慕陶 2009a,《辭網建言:結構性問題的檢討應先於對個別政治人物的批判》開欄文,http://tb.chinatimes.com/forum1.asp?ArticleID=1304418
* 慕陶 2009b,《中國社會的真正問題核心:我的愚見》開欄文,http://tb.chinatimes.com/forum1.asp?ArticleID=1325686
* 慕陶 2010a,《再論近代中國人苦難的內在性與結構性》開欄文,http://tb.chinatimes.com/forum1.asp?ArticleID=1396259
* 慕陶 2010b,《再論社會結構性質》開欄文,http://tb.chinatimes.com/forum1.asp?ArticleID=1429906
* 慕陶 2010c,《再論社會結構性質》欄 -- 留言2,http://tb.chinatimes.com/forum1.asp?ArticleID=1429906
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