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貧而無諂,富而無驕(子貢和社會心理學)-- J. Bryner
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Body Language Reveals Wealth

Jeanna Bryner, Senior Writer, LiveScience.com

A flashy handbag or Armani suit can signal a person's

wealth, but so can their body language, according to a

new study. People of higher socioeconomic status are

more rude when conversing with others.

Psychologists Michael Kraus and Dacher Keltner of the

University of California, Berkeley, videotaped pairs of

undergraduate students who were strangers to one

another, during one-on-one interviews. In total, 100

undergraduate students participated.

The researchers then looked for certain gestures that

indicate level of interest in the other person during one-

minute slices of each conversation.

They found that students whose parents were from higher

socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds engaged in

more of what he called "impolite" behaviors, such as 

grooming, doodling and fidgeting. Lower SES students

showed more "I'm interested" gestures, including laughter

and raising of the eyebrows 

The higher SES students fidgeted with nearby objects for

an average of two seconds, while those from lower SES

backgrounds almost never fidgeted during the 60-second

clips. Upper SES students also groomed themselves for

short stints while lower SES students didn't. Rather, the

lower SES students nodded their heads, laughed and

raised their eyebrows an average of one to two seconds

more than their upper SES counterparts.

"We're talking seconds here, but that is a pretty big

difference when you consider that we coded one minute

of interaction time," Kraus told LiveScience. "So how

many times a day are you nodding if you're lower

socioeconomic status?"

It comes down to our animalistic tendencies, Kraus

explained. Like a peacock's tail, the seemingly snooty

gestures of higher SES students indicates modern

society's version of "I'm fit," and "I don't need you."

"In the animal world, conflict arises when you're battling

for status. So it's adaptive for us to avoid those conflicts

and tell us we know 'I'm higher status than you, so don't

bother having a conflict with me,'" Kraus figures.

Lower SES individuals can't afford to brush off others.

"Lower SES people have fewer resources, and by

definition should be more dependent on others," Kraus

said.

The research is detailed in the January issue of the

journal Psychological Science.

·           10 Things You Didn't Know About You 

·           Mere Thought of Money Makes People Selfish 

·           Simple Gesturing Helps Students Learn 

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http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20090210/sc_livescience/bodylanguagerevealswealth;_ylt=AjpyqMm1z37Koqhme1_t4Akbr7sF



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