專家視線/ ANALYSIS “西藏問題”帶有冷戰烙印

本報特約記者/張植榮

回顧冷戰以來“西藏問題”的國際背景，尤其是美國對華政策的演變，就會發現，中美關係中的“西藏問題”，深深地打上了“反共反華”冷戰的烙印。

1946年冷戰開始時，美國出於“拉中反蘇”的目的，沒有在西藏問題上進行過多干涉。 1949年10月新中國成立後，美國採取了扶蔣反共、敵視新中國的遏制戰略。而以有限的軍事援助和對西藏的秘密戰來遏制中國，便成為冷戰年代美國西藏政策的基本特徵。

上世紀七八十年代，出於改善中美關係，借助中國抗衡蘇聯的需要，美國政府對dl集團的支持有所收斂。但自1989年東歐劇變後，世界進入了“後冷戰時代”。妄圖保持全球霸權的美國，再次把遏制中國崛起作為其對華政策的核心目標。而“西藏問題”則是美國用來攻擊中國，搞“和平演變”的重要工具。

與冷戰時期相比，後冷戰時代的美國西藏政策呈現出不同的特點，概括起來就是，介入程度更深了。後冷戰以來，美國官方與dl之間的關係有了進一步的提升。這主要表現在美國政府不顧中國的強烈反對，多次執意允許dl喇嘛訪問美國，並以“宗教”為藉口為dl撐腰。

此外，美國干涉“西藏問題”的程度也在進一步加深：首先是美國干涉西藏問題已經制度化和機制化；其次，美國“官民並舉”，為dl集團分裂活動提供經濟資助。另外，美國國會、西藏利益集團以及大眾傳媒在美國西藏決策中的影響力也在不斷增強。 (作者為北京大學西藏研究小組召集人)來源：世界新聞報

美國CIA扶植DL的資料，裡面詳細列出了1964年美國用於扶植DL花銷。 http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/vol_xxx/337_343.html

登陸美國民主基金會網頁，裡面有2006年給西藏，新疆，香港的“民主建設投資”賬目，英語好的可以查查，那些莫名其妙的接受基金支持的都是什麼組織。
China (Tibet)
Gu-Chu-Sum Movement of Tibet
$40,000*
To document the situation of political prisoners in Tibet and provide support for political prisoners in Tibet and former political prisoners in exile. Gu-Chu-Sum will organize lectures and workshops, publish a magazine, maintain a human rights research desk, and support former political prisoners in exile through various activities ranging from job training to adult education.
International Campaign for Tibet
$53,000
To increase understanding between Tibetans and Chinese by providing greater access to information about Tibet. The organization will facilitate interaction between Tibetan and Chinese officials, academics, and the public through meetings, conferences, and the publication of a Chinese-language newsletter and website.
Khawa Karpo Tibet Cultural Centre Charitable Trust
$20,000
To provide news and analysis to the Tibetan public and promote greater discussion and debate on current issues related to Tibet and Tibetans. Khawa Karpo will publish the Tibetan-language newspaper, Bo-Kyi-Bang-Chen (Tibet Express), three times per month , establish two branch offices to facilitate news collection and distribution, maintain a trilingual website, and organize a three-day workshop on the role of media.
Longsho Youth Movement of Tibet
$15,000
To build leadership skills, promote cultural and political awareness of Tibet, and encourage greater civic engagement among Tibetan youth. Longsho will establish a branch office in Northeast India, conduct a training-of-trainers workshop, and organize leadership camps to strengthen awareness of Tibetan culture and religion and foster democratic values among Tibetan youth.
Tibet Museum
$15,500*
To preserve and present material related to modern Tibetan history and to educate visitors about the Tibetan culture and people. The Tibet Museum will continue to maintain and operate its Dharamsala-based museum, "Demton Khang," promote a touring exhibition, organize seminars and lectures , and maintain a website.
Tibetan Literacy Society
$28,500*
To provide the Tibetan public independent and accurate information on developments in Tibet and in the exile community, and to promote open discussion among intellectuals and a general readership on civic issues, including human rights and democracy. The Tibetan Literacy Society will publish and distribute throughout the Tibetan community in exile and in Tibet Bod-Kyi-Dus-Bab (Tibet Times), a Tibetan-language newspaper published three times a month.
Tibetan Parliamentary and Policy Research Centre
$20,000*
To strengthen local Tibetan assemblies, the first level government of the Tibetan government-in-exile. The organization will conduct a workshop for members of the local assemblies, facilitate their attendance during a session of the national parliament, and encourage discussion of the functions and procedures of the parliament among local assembly members.
Tibetan Review
$26,000*
To promote freedom of press and understanding of democratic concepts in the Tibetan exile community. Tibetan Review, a monthly English-language news magazine, will provide Tibetans in exile and the international community with Tibet-related news and insightful opinion pieces and editorials, featuring articles written by prominent journalists, academics, and others interested in Tibetan issues.
Tibetan Women's Association
$30,000*
To promote the social, political, and economic empowerment of Tibetan refugee women and raise awareness of human rights violations against women in Tibet. TWA will publish a bi-weekly newsletter, an annual magazine, and a memoir by one of Tibet's most famous female former political prisoners. TWA will also expand outreach efforts internationally and to regional chapters and strengthen its organizational capacity through trainings and workshops.
Tibetan Writers Abroad PEN Center
$10,000*
To preserve Tibetan literature and culture and protect and support Tibetan writers in Tibet. The Tibetan PEN Center will translate essays and other written materials into Tibetan, much of it originally published in Chinese; publish a collection of writings by its members; and conduct an extensive research project on Tibetan writers imprisoned in Tibet.
Voice of Tibet
$35,000*
To encourage and sustain independent public opinion inside Tibet and to familiarize Tibetans with the ideals of democracy and human rights. The Voice of Tibet, an independent, Tibetan-language shortwave radio station, will continue to broadcast regular news about Tibet, the Tibetan exile community , and the Tibetan government-in-exile to listeners in Tibet and in exile in neighboring countries.