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請問，瑞士的移民容易嗎？歐洲生活不易吧！
如果你有一技之長、懂語言、能在歐洲找得到工作,生活應該是比在落後或開發中的國家容易.瑞士是全歐失業率最低的國家之一.只要肯做事不怕沒工作,但工作是否适合個人要求就很難說了.外籍人士在瑞士能找到工作呈兩極化:極特殊的專業人材,或較低層的勞工工作.(時間長、危險、骯髒的工作一直都缺人,)這關係到瑞士人對生活品質的要求.
這是瑞士移民局的網址,先進去看看里面的資料吧？英、法、德、義文 http://www.auslaender.ch/einbuergerung/index_e.asp
背景情況:
自1972年以來，瑞士的出生率一直低于人口增?O所需。1998年，人口死亡率超過了出生率-- ??是自1871年人口???ㄥ}始以來的第一次。但是，瑞士?秅H口仍持????慢增?O，主要原因是外來人口加入瑞士??籍。 与其它??洲??家相比，瑞士籍的外來人口非常少。2001年，十個持有瑞士??籍的成年人之中，只有一個來自其它??家。瑞士外籍人口量?Y高，2002年占?秅H口的19.8%。
瑞士基本上並沒有所謂的移民政策.因它不像美、加、澳....是個移民組成的國家,有明列的全家移民條件.所有想入籍瑞士的人,都個別得經過漫長的等待及嚴苛審合,未成年子女可跟父母申請.(約30年前曾以比主題拍過一部諷剌電影),一般最少是＋年,依居住地區而定,要行為良好、村人同意、考試、繳稅....它不是屬地國,外籍人在瑞士出生並不自動有瑞士籍.有很多第二、三代在瑞士出生長大的人,還因種種因素只有c居留visa(巳經說了好幾年要改法律,讓這些人較易入籍).
技術移民-外籍人士只要能在瑞士找到工作,就能居留在瑞士(一般沒工作証不能錄用,除非公司登報証明沒人應徵,找不到雇員情況,公司可向政府申請名額以A、B permit錄用.在瑞士較難找到人的產業較容易穫得工作証.如:特殊技術人員或旅館餐飲人員.而工作証有分季、一年、二年期.有工作証後就能在瑞士居住(但一換工作,申請又得重新來過),通常在同一省住上10年能持C permit(永久居留,但持C期間不能離開瑞士超過一年,否則C失效).這就是為什么瑞士有高達19.8%的外籍人口居住.持C permit才有資格申請入籍.(持C permit不用服役、不能參與選舉或公投、沒有瑞士passpost,其他的基本上跟瑞士人一樣)
投資移民-除非是附加價值高或瑞士需要的產業,能合準不易.在瑞士投資需要金額龐大(地、人工昂貴、法律繁雜費時....)而且也只能從B、C permit申請起.一樣要等最少10年,才有入籍可能.
結婚-大概是最快的方法.(但如果不是真實婚姻...？太麻煩了,關係財產、稅法)普遍瑞士人不容易走入婚姻,多的是同居很多年要生孩子才考慮結婚,不少人連有孩子了也不想被婚姻綁住.同意交易婚姻的瑞士人應該是少之又少(除非是有特殊情況的人),而跟這種人假結婚(也要真同居=住在一起因察得嚴)之後辦離婚也麻煩...不是兩廂情願的離婚,錢財問題外,最少還要花四年時間.依目前的法律:跟住在瑞士的瑞士人結婚馬上可有C permit,但如果婚姻在五年內失效,居留也失效....為居留而犧牲那么多年青春自由,值得嗎？
瑞士的人口老化是個嚴重的大問題,所以一直有吸收年輕外來人口工作的政策(不同於歸化,把關嚴).目前不加入歐盟的二大原因是:一不願失去地方自治的杈力.二不願讓歐盟人口自由進出、工作、居住在瑞士.但目前不加入歐盟的壓力愈來愈大...能再持多久就很難說了？一旦加入歐盟,非歐盟人籍想來瑞士工作會難上加難...而歐盟對非歐盟外籍人口進入歐盟也會愈來愈嚴格.因為目前歐盟非法移民很嚴重.
大陸和臺灣人在瑞士居留,一定是持有學籍或工作証,非法有但應該不多(非法留下而不是非法進來).大陸派在日內瓦有聯合國龐大使團人員,而且來旅遊、考察、學習(特別是旅館學校)的人一直在增加中.目前在餐館打工的東方人,絕大部份是讀旅館學校的學生,要不就是早期被納入的越南難民,或馬來西亞、新咖坡、日、韓人利用來旅行三個月非法打工(他們進瑞士不用Visa),其他亞洲人要進來都要VISA,除了旅遊與就學,其他簽証都不是很容易辦！而入籍瑞士的人其父母手足、親人、朋友有財力保証可來瑞士探訪停留,但也不能長期居留!
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如果要在那找工作的話，只說英文行的通嗎？還是一定要學德法文？
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国土面积：41300平方公里
人口数量：750万(20%为外国人)
GDP：3199亿美元(2003)或4333.6瑞士法郎
人均国内生产总值(GDP)：
43000美元(2003)或58816瑞士法郎
宗教信仰：
罗马天主教(41.8%，2000)、新教徒(35.3%)、穆斯林(311000人)、犹太教(17900人)；无宗教信仰者(15.4%)。
官方语言：
德文(63.7%)、法文(20.4%)、意大利文(6.5%)、列支罗曼语(0.5%)
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Overview of the Swiss Work Permit Legislation
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(The information below is not valid for nationals of EU and EFTA memberstates. Please go to «Free movement of Persons Switzerland - EU»)
The Ordinance on the Limitation of the Number of Aliens (Ordinance, OLE) together with the Federal Act on the Temporary and Permanent Residence of Aliens is the cornerstone of the effective regulation regarding aliens. The purpose of the Ordinance is a balanced relation between the Swiss and the foreign residents, the improvement of the labour market structure and a best-balanced employment situation (art. 1 OLE).
In order to work foreign citizens need a work respectively residence permit which entitles them to take up gainful employment. In case of stays of over four months such permits can only be issued within the scope of the quota system established by the Federal Council (art. 12 OLE). Aliens without a residence permit are only allowed to take up self-employment by way of exception. Besides any change of jobs and profession as well as moving to another canton requires an authorisation. Before issuing a permit the labour market authorities have to decide whether the economic and labour market situation allows an admission and if the general conditions regarding taking up gainful employment are fulfilled. (art. 42 et 43 OLE).
Permits may only be issued if the wage and employment conditions customary at the place and in the trade are being met (art. 9 OLE) and if no domestic worker who is willing to work under those conditions can be found. (art 7 OLE; priority of domestic workers). The domestic worker priority is not effective in terms of international transfers of executives and highly qualified specialists as well as of persons who obtained a residence permit in connection with the family reunion. Exceptions concerning the domestic worker priority can be made in case of training and further education purposes. According to the principle of recruiting areas (art. 8 OLE) residence permits for the purpose of gainful employment can be issued to nationals of the member states of the European Union and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
First time work permits can only be exceptionally issued to non EU/EFTA citizens if they are highly qualified or if special reasons justify an exception.
Types of work and residence permits:
Permanent residence permit (C Permit)
Is usually granted after an uninterrupted stay in Switzerland of 10 years. Nationals of the EU-/EFTA-member states and USA citizens qualify for the permanent residence permit after a stay of five years according to specific bilateral agreements. This permit is not subject to any labour market restrictions and the holders have practically the same rights and opportunities as native workers, except the right to vote and elect.
Year-round residence permit (B Permit)
Is initially issued, as a rule, for the duration of one year and basically can be extended every year. Permits are primarily granted to qualified specialists. For temporary activities permits limited may be granted.
Short-time residence permit
Is restricted to a maximum period of 1 year (364 days) for activities of limited duration. The permit may be extended up to 24 months.
Border commuter permit
This authorisation can be issued free of quotas to persons who have been residing in the border area of a neighbour country since at least six months and who are allowed to stay in this country without restrictions. Border commuters can generally only work in the border area of the canton which issued the permit and they must return weekly to their domicile.
The following table shows the different types of permits, their maximum validity duration, the responsible labour market authority and the available quotas.
Type of permit Validity duration Authority quota
1.11.2002 -31.10.2003
4-month permit- 120 days within a year cantons no quota
Short-Time Residents- 364 days cantons totally 5'000
Trainee permits (Stagiaires)- 12 - 18 months Confed. about 4000 agreements with about 30 countries
Year-Round Residents- 1 year, renewable free of q. cantons totally 4'000
Border Commuters- 1 year, renewable cantons no quota
Subcontract of labourforce from abroad to Switzerland is in principle not allowed. Activities of temporary and interim employment agencies from abroad are not allowed.
Family members (spouse and unmarried children up to 18 years) of year-round residents may be admitted without waiting period if the stay and gainful activity appear to be secure.
Family reunions regarding other permit holders are generally not allowed. Permits granted to family members are exempt from the quotas (admission of family, art. 38-39 OLE).
Documented residence permit applications for the purpose of gainful employment have always to be submitted to the cantonal authority through the employer. The labour market authorities do not provide job placement services to foreign workers who wish to work in Switzerland.
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Permit B: Residence permit for third-country nationals
Resident foreign nationals are foreign nationals who are resident in Switzerland for a longer period of time for a certain purpose with or without gainful employment.
D· As a rule, the period of validity of residence permits for third-country nationals is limited to one year when the permit is granted for the first time. First-time permits for gainful employment may only be issued within the limits of the ceilings and in compliance with Arts. 7-11 BVO. Once a permit has been granted, it is normally renewed every year unless there are reasons against a renewal, such as criminal offences, dependence on social security or the labour market. A legal entitlement to the renewal of an annual permit only exists in certain cases. In practice, an annual permit is normally renewed as long as its holder is able to draw a daily allowance from the unemployment insurance. In such cases, however, the holder is not actually entitled to a renewal of the permit.
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Permit C: Settlement permit for third-country nationals
Settled foreign nationals are foreign nationals who have been granted a settlement permit after five or ten years' residence in Switzerland. The right to settle in Switzerland is not subject to any restrictions and must not be tied to any conditions. The Federal Office of Immigration, Integration and Emigration fixes the earliest date from which the competent national authorities may grant settlement permits.
As a rule, third-country nationals are in a position to be granted a settlement permit after ten years' regular and uninterrupted residence in Switzerland. US nationals are subject to a special regulation. However, third-country nationals have no legal entitlement to settlement permits. Apart from the provisions of settlement treaties, such a claim can only be derived from Arts. 7 and 17 ANAG and Art. 60 of the Asylum Act. Persons who hold a settlement permit are no longer subject to the Limitation Regulation, are free to choose their employers, and are no longer taxed at source.
Naturalisations and releases from Swiss nationality
according to countries, 2002
PDF file with additional information about how many of these people are resident in Switzerland and abroad
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Information about Swiss nationality
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There are countries where the so-called ius sanguinis applies, i.e. nationality is acquired through paternal or maternal descent. Apart from Switzerland, this also applies in, for instance, Germany and Austria. Then again, there are countries where ius soli is applicable, i.e. nationality is acquired by dint of being born in the country. This applies in typical immigration countries such as the USA, South America, Canada and Australia, but not in Switzerland. Other countries, such as France and Italy, have a mixed system with elements of both ius sanguinis and ius soli. By definition, the acquisition of a nationality through ius sanguinis or ius soli does not constitute a naturalisation. The acquisition of Swiss nationality through descent is regulated at federal level, in the Federal Law on the Acquisition and Loss of Swiss Nationality (= Nationality Act).
People who are naturalised in Switzerland by a regular proceeding first require a naturalisation permit from the Confederation. To obtain this, applicants will have to satisfy the following requirements:
12 years' residence in Switzerland (any years spent in Switzerland between the 10th and the 20th years are counted double);
integration into the Swiss way of life;
familiarity with Swiss habits, customs and traditions;
compliance with the Swiss rule of law;
no danger to Switzerland's internal or external security.
The federal naturalisation permit is a prerequisite for the applicant's subsequent natu-ralisation in community and canton. Communities and cantons have their own, additional naturalisation requirements, such as residence requirements, financial requirements and naturalisation fees, which vary a great deal, but often amount to about one month's salary. Thus applicants only become Swiss nationals after they have also been naturalised in their communities and cantons (three-stage procedure Confedera-tion/canton/community).
Apart from regular naturalisation, there is also facilitated naturalisation. In particular, this benefits Swiss nationals' foreign spouses (possibility of facilitated naturalisation after five year's residence in Switzerland and three years of marriage), as well as children of Swiss nationals who do not yet hold Swiss nationality. Facilitated naturalisation depends on the satisfaction of the following general requirements:
integration into the Swiss way of life;
compliance with the Swiss rule of law;
no danger to Switzerland's internal or external security.
Naturalisation is in the responsibility of the Federal Department of Justice and Police. As a rule, the fee is CHF 330.00.
As a consequence of the acquisition of Swiss nationality, applicants assume all the rights and duties (e.g. right to vote, obligation to do military service).
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