標準普爾500指數 （Standard & Poor's 500，S&P 500）
標準普爾500（Standard & Poor's 500，S&P 500），又譯為史坦普500，是一個由1957年起記錄美國股市的平均記錄，觀察範圍達美國的500家上市公司。標準普爾500指數裏的500家公司都是在美國股市的兩大股票交易市場，紐約證券交易所和美國全國證券業協會行情自動傳報系統（納斯達克、NASDAQ）中有多個交易的公司。幾乎所有標準普爾中的公司都是全美最高金額買賣的500隻股票。這個股票指數由標準普爾公司創建並維護。
跟隨道瓊工業平均指數之後，標準普爾500指數便是全美第二大的指數。與道瓊指數相比，S&P 500指數包含的公司更多，因此風險更為分散，能夠反映更廣泛的市場變化。此外，相較於道瓊指數抓股價加權，標普500指數是採用市值加權，更能反映公司股票在股市上實際的重要性。
標準普爾500指數的組成股票是由一個委員會選擇並會更換股票。這個運作模式較接近道瓊斯工業平均指數，不過它的嚴格性卻不同於一般的其他指數，其他指數都是少見嚴格的。也正因為標準普爾500指數評選公司的嚴格，它的股市代表性極強，甚至足以顯示美國經濟的興衰。
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94500%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0
Standard & Poor's 500 Index (Standard & Poor's 500, S & P 500)
The Standard & Poor's 500 (S & P 500), also translated as the Stein 500, is an average record recorded by the 1957 US stock market, covering 500 US listed companies. 500 companies in the S & P 500 are trading in two major stock markets in the US stock market, the New York Stock Exchange and the National Securities Industry Association Automated Reporting System (Nasdaq, NASDAQ) the company. Almost all of the companies in Standard & Poor's are the 500 largest stocks in the nation. This stock index was created and maintained by Standard & Poor's.
Following the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the S & P 500 index is the second largest index in the nation. Compared with the Dow Jones index, the S & P 500 index contains more companies, so the risk is more dispersed, can reflect a wider range of market changes. In addition, the S & P 500 is weighted by the market value, which reflects the actual importance of the company's stock market in the stock market, compared to the Dow Jones index.
The composition of the S & P 500 Index is selected by a committee and will replace the stock. This mode of operation is closer to the Dow Jones Industrial Average, but its rigidity is different from other general indices, and other indices are rare. It is precisely because the S & P 500 index selection company's strict, its stock market is very strong, and even enough to show the rise and fall of the US economy.
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