http://mil.qianlong.com//37076/2007/09/21/135@4071292.htm
印度新戰機採購項目可能需15年才能完成
http://www.qianlong.com/2007-09-21 09:01:30來源:中國航空信息網
美國《防務新聞》2007年9月17日報導 印度希望從126架中程多用途作戰飛機(MMRCA)的供應商處獲得技術轉讓。但印度國防部消息稱,如果選擇了某種美國飛機,執行該規定將非常艱難。
在價值約100億美元的MMRCA項目方案徵詢書(RFP)中,印度軍方要求至少有18架飛機將部分在印度製造,按許可證製造發動機、航電系統、雷達、設備、工具和各種系統和附件。外國飛機供應商將要協助印度公司使飛機製造能在合同簽署後48個月內啟動。此外,印度還要求供應商提供基地級維修以及飛機與有關設備的保障。
有消息認為,開展如此龐大的技術轉讓合同將會使該專案進度推遲4年。印度國防部的消息表示,技術轉讓對於俄羅斯和歐洲供應商相對容易些,因其比美國公司更熟悉印度採辦過程,而與美方談判往往要有美國政府的介入。
一些外國供應商稱,他們已開始尋找印度公司作為競標的合作夥伴。但印度某些說法表示,他們懷疑這些公司是否已為這樣一個龐大的合同做好了準備。印度斯坦航空公司被指定為機體、發動機和裝配的領導製造商,其他系統的製造合同將授予私人或是國有公司。
外國供應商還對最近補償要求從30%上升到50%表示了不滿。印度國防部消息稱,繁複的補償法律可能使採辦過程推遲超過20個月。
不管怎樣,印度此項自獨立以來堪稱最龐大的武器採購合同可能需要花費10年時間確定採辦的細節,另需4至5年開始飛機製造。而誰將最終贏得合同將決定合同推進時面臨的障礙,特別是政治障礙。
http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?F=3030008&C=airwar
India Aircraft Tech Proposal May Be Hard To Enforce, Ministry Says
By VIVEK RAGHUVANSHI
Posted 09/17/07 12:37
NEW DELHI — India wants technology transfer from whomever it picks to supply its 126 Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MMRCA), but Defence Ministry sources say it will be tough to enforce that provision, especially if a U.S. aircraft is picked.
In its request for proposals in the estimated $10 billion program, ministry officials required that all but 18 of the aircraft be at least partially manufactured in India, with licensed production of the engines, avionics, radar, equipment, tooling, and various systems and accessories. The foreign plane maker will be required to assist Indian firms so that manufacturing can begin within 48 months of signing a contract.
It also requires that Indian partners handle depot-level maintenance and support for the aircraft and associated equipment.
Some say negotiating such a large amount of technology transfer could delay the program up to four years.
Ministry sources said transferring technology will be easier for Russian and European firms, which are more familiar with Indian procurement procedures, than for American companies, which will find it difficult to negotiate without involving the U.S. government.
“India’s considered political stand on some geopolitical issues as Iran is likely to create some challenges, so it may entail a delay,” said defense analyst Rahul Bhonsle, a retired Indian Army brigadier.
Several foreign vendors said they had begun looking for Indian firms to work with on bids for the contract.
“Boeing really doesn’t look at [offsets] as obligations, but as long-term opportunities to bring win-win business and industrial benefits to India and to Boeing,” said Vivek Lall, who runs Integrated Defense Systems-Boeing India, voicing the same kind of sentiment publicly expressed by EADS and Lockheed Martin, as well.
But privately, several said they doubted the firms were ready for the kind of multibillion-dollar, high-tech infusion the government is seeking. Hindustan Aeronautics has been designated the lead production agency for the airframe, engine and assembly, with production of other systems to be given to private or state-owned firms.
They also voiced displeasure with the recent increase in offset requirement from 30 percent to 50 percent. Defence Ministry sources also said the cumbersome offset laws would delay progress by more than 20 months.
All told, it could take 10 years to settle the procurement details in this contract, India’s biggest since independence, and another four or five to begin production.
“The obstacles, especially the political obstacles, will vary widely depending on who lands the deal,” said Dhruva Jaishankar, South Asia analyst at the Brookings Institution in Washington.
“The Russians are the status quo military supplier to India, so a decision to buy MiGs will produce no backlash from the political establishment. After the purchase of Mirages and Scorpene subs by India, the French have also proved politically uncontroversial, and the expectation is that other European manufacturers in competition — the Eurofighter consortium and Saab — will prove generally agreeable.
A political backlash may follow a decision to buy American — either the Super Hornet or the F-16, especially if the decision comes soon upon the heels of the Indo-U.S. nuclear agreement.”
Deba Mohanty, defense analyst with the New Delhi-based Observer Research Foundation, said strategic considerations likely would dictate the decision.
“It does not seem to me that the government will find difficulties in selection on technological grounds, as all of the systems in question meet almost all operational requirements,” Mohanty said. “The technical and commercial evaluation may not necessarily be a hindrance, although the former could cause some anxiety on a variety of grounds.”
May the Force be with you
本文於 2008/03/05 22:19 修改第 1 次